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 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In October 1993 and 1994, respectively, 77 and 76 third-year veterinary students visited a swine farm to work with pigs for 3 h. On both occasions, a large number of students reported flu-like symptoms after the visit. To further investigate this, the students were presented with a questionnaire modeled after the standard questionnaire used for evaluating organic dust exposure. General and/or respiratory symptoms were reported by 103/142 (72.5%) students. General symptoms, such as eye irritation, headache and tiredness were experienced by 60/103 (42.2%) students. Cough, nasal and throat irritation, and sinus trouble were the most prevalent respiratory symptoms and were reported by 94/103 (91%) of the students. Symptoms mostly developed the same day and disappeared within 3 d after exposure. The presence of respiratory and/or general symptoms was not significantly different between students who wore a mask during the lab or those who did not. Students with pre-existing allergies were more likely to develop respiratory symptoms than non-allergic students.
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PMID:Health problems in veterinary students after visiting a commercial swine farm. 944 39

The nonsedating histamine H1 receptor antagonist fexofenadine is the active metabolite of terfenadine. It reduced the allergic response in animal models of allergy and did not prolong the QT interval (QTc) in dogs or rabbits at plasma concentrations many times higher than those seen after administration of therapeutic dosages. Similarly, relative to placebo, fexofenadine did not affect mean QTc in patients given dosages of up to 480 mg/day for 2 weeks or in volunteers who received up to 800 mg/day for 6 days or 240 mg/day for 12 months. In a double-blind clinical trial, oral fexofenadine 120 or 180mg once daily controlled symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis as effectively as cetirizine. Other double-blind clinical trials showed that fexofenadine 40 to 240mg twice daily was significantly more effective than placebo. Fexofenadine 180 or 240mg once daily was significantly more effective than placebo in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. The drug was well tolerated in these clinical trials, with an adverse event profile similar to that seen with placebo. The most common adverse events were headache, throat irritation, viral infection, nausea, dysmenorrhoea, drowsiness, dyspepsia and fatigue.
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PMID:Fexofenadine. 950 46

The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential effects of livestock odors on the health and well-being of neighbors. Complaints of odor nuisance have become more frequent in communities surrounding areas with high concentrations of livestock. This increase in complaints from livestock odors parallels increased complaints of odor in general, including ammonia, diesel exhaust, beauty products, cleaners, and paints. Persons who report symptoms from odors generally find problems with many different types of odorous compounds. A review of recent studies suggests that the main complaints of health symptoms from odors are eye, nose, and throat irritation, headache, and drowsiness. Sensory irritation (pungency) can be produced by a broad range of odorous volatile organic compounds from trees, flowers, foods (pepper and ginger) as well as emissions from livestock operations. Odors can also potentially affect mood and memory. Further research is required to assess fully the health impact of odors in order to establish recommendations for air quality guidelines based on scientific data.
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PMID:Livestock odors: implications for human health and well-being. 962 40

Increasingly recognized as a potential public health problem since the outbreak of Legionnaire's disease in Philadelphia in 1976, polluted indoor air has been associated with health problems that include asthma, sick building syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Symptoms are often nonspecific and include headache, eye and throat irritation, chest tightness and shortness of breath, and fatigue. Air-borne contaminants include commonly used chemicals, vehicular exhaust, microbial organisms, fibrous glass particles, and dust. Identified causes include defective building design and construction, aging of buildings and their ventilation systems, poor climate control, inattention to building maintenance. A major contributory factor is the explosion in the use of chemicals in building construction and furnishing materials over the past four decades. Organizational issues and psychological variables often contribute to the problem and hinder its resolution. This article describes the health problems related to poor indoor air quality and offers solutions.
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PMID:The indoor air we breathe. 976 64

Occasionally children are the victims of mass poisoning from an environmental contaminant that occurs due to an unexpected common point source of exposure. In many cases the contaminant is a widely used chemical generally considered to be safe. In the following case, members of a sports team visiting a community for an athletic event were exposed to chemicals while staying at a local motel. Bromine-based sanitizing agents and other chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, which were used in excess in the motel's swimming pool, may have accounted for symptoms experienced by the boy reported here and at least 16 other adolescents. Samples of pool water contained excess bromine (8.2 microg/mL; ideal pool bromine concentration is 2-4 microg/mL). Symptoms and signs attributable to bromine toxicity included irritative skin rashes; eye, nose, and throat irritation; bronchospasm; reduced exercise tolerance; fatigue; headache; gastrointestinal disturbances; and myalgias. While most of the victims recovered within a few days, the index case and several other adolescents had persistent or recurrent symptoms lasting weeks to months after the exposure.
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PMID:Reactive airways dysfunction and systemic complaints after mass exposure to bromine. 1033 53

Current evidence suggests that addition of the long-acting beta2-agonist salmeterol to an inhaled corticosteroid in patients with persistent asthma symptoms provides greater clinical benefit than doubling the dosage of the inhaled corticosteroid. Fixed combination salmeterol/fluticasone propionate in 3 different fluticasone propionate dosage strengths administered via the Diskus powder inhaler does not result in any untoward interaction that affects the pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic profiles of the individual drugs, or their adverse effect profiles - including the influence of the corticosteroid on plasma cortisol levels. Administration of fixed combination salmeterol/ fluticasone propionate to both adults and children with persistent asthma provides greater improvements in lung function than either agent alone, and at least equal effectiveness to the same dosages of the 2 agents given by separate powder inhalers. Preliminary reports indicate that combination therapy has also demonstrated superior efficacy to budesonide (fluticasone propionate dosages were 25% those of budesonide). The most commonly encountered adverse effects in clinical trials with combined salmeterol/fluticasone propionate therapy have been oropharyngeal candidiasis. hoarseness/dysphonia, throat irritation, headache, tachycardia/palpitations, tremor and dizziness (all in < or =5% of patients).
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PMID:Salmeterol/fluticasone propionate combination. 1040 Apr 6

Complaints about unpleasant environmental odorants, both outdoor and indoor, are increasingly being reported. The main complaints of health symptoms from environmental odorants are eye, nose and throat irritation, headache and drowsiness. Complaints may arise from the stimulation of olfactory receptors or trigeminal chemoreceptors. Stimulation of cerebrovascular nociceptors originating from a branch of the trigeminal nerve may be associated with an increase in cortical blood flow which is thought to be related to headache. Since odorants are reported to elicit headaches, the possibility that odorants may increase cortical blood flow was examined. Cortical blood flow was monitored in rats using a laser-Doppler flowmeter. The flowmeter probe was placed over the left frontal cortex while propionic acid, cyclohexanone, amyl acetate or butanol was delivered to the nasal cavity via an olfactometer. Cortical blood flow increased as the concentration increased for three of the odorants tested. The greatest increase in blood flow occurred to the presentation of propionic acid, followed by cyclohexanone and amyl acetate. There was no response to butanol. These data demonstrate that odorants can alter cerebrovascular blood flow, which may account, in part, for one of the health symptoms reported for odorants.
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PMID:Odorants presented to the rat nasal cavity increase cortical blood flow. 1058 99

The 1990 Clean Air Act mandated oxygenation of gasoline in regions where carbon monoxide standards were not met. To achieve this standard, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) was increased to 15% by volume during winter months in many locations. Subsequent to the increase of MTBE in gasoline, commuters reported increases in symptoms such as headache, nausea, and eye, nose, and throat irritation. The present study compared 12 individuals selected based on self-report of symptoms (self-reported sensitives; SRSs) associated with MTBE to 19 controls without self-reported sensitivities. In a double-blind, repeated measures, controlled exposure, subjects were exposed for 15 min to clean air, gasoline, gasoline with 11% MTBE, and gasoline with 15% MTBE. Symptoms, odor ratings, neurobehavioral performance on a task of driving simulation, and psychophysiologic responses (heart and respiration rate, end-tidal CO(2), finger pulse volume, electromyograph, finger temperature) were measured before, during, and immediately after exposure. Relative to controls, SRSs reported significantly more total symptoms when exposed to gasoline with 15% MTBE than when exposed to gasoline with 11% MTBE or to clean air. However, these differences in symptoms were not accompanied by significant differences in neurobehavioral performance or psychophysiologic responses. No significant differences in symptoms or neurobehavioral or psychophysiologic responses were observed when exposure to gasoline with 11% MTBE was compared to clean air or to gasoline. Thus, the present study, although showing increased total symptoms among SRSs when exposed to gasoline with 15% MTBE, did not support a dose-response relationship for MTBE exposure nor the symptom specificity associated with MTBE in epidemiologic studies.
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PMID:Controlled human exposure to methyl tertiary butyl ether in gasoline: symptoms, psychophysiologic and neurobehavioral responses of self-reported sensitive persons. 1096 96

To test sensory irritation symptoms and physiological effects on humans caused by airborne office dust, ten subjects were exposed to both clean air and airborne non-industrial office dust for 3 h in a climate chamber. The average dust concentration in exposure sessions was 394 micrograms/m3 total suspended dust (TSD). Tear film break-up time, foam formation in the eye canthus, conjunctival epithelial damage, nasal volume, and nasal minimal cross-sectional area were assessed. Tear film break-up time decreased significantly after dust exposure and nasal volume showed a tendency to decrease. In a questionnaire investigation, significant effects were found from the questions: "facial skin humidity", "throat irritation", "feeling needs of coughing", "dry nose", "concentration difficulty", and "headache". Additionally, the intensity of the questions "facial skin humidity", "dry nose", "body skin temperature", "sluggishness", and "sleepiness" worsened over time. A correlation analysis showed that perceived "air quality" was significantly correlated with "dry eyes", "eye irritation", "facial skin irritation", "nose irritation", and "feeling stressed by chamber occupancy" for subacute responses, and with "odor intensity" for acute responses. This supports that the perceived air quality may be a function of odor and irritation symptoms. A number of localized symptoms of irritation (e.g. dry nose, throat irritation, coughing) and of general symptoms (e.g. sluggishness, sleepiness, headache, ability to concentration) were mutually correlated acutely and subacutely. These results indicate that non-industrial office dust may cause physiological changes and sensory symptoms in eyes and nose and that these effects have different time courses.
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PMID:Effects on eyes and nose in humans after experimental exposure to airborne office dust. 1108 28

In this open phase-II clinical tolerability trial 17 neurologists enrolled a total of 112 patients and instructed them to administer a maximum of two doses of intranasal alniditan, a 5-HT1B/D receptor agonist, for the treatment of three consecutive migraine attacks of moderate to severe intensity. A second dose of the trial medication was allowed within 1-24 h after the first administration. At 1 h after intranasal administration, 70/103 (68%) patients had responded to treatment (reduction from severe or moderate headache before treatment to mild or no headache) after their first migraine attack, 65/94 (69%) after their second and 52/75 (71%) after their third. In 187/270 (69%) of all attacks, patients were considered responders at 1 h. The median time to onset of effect was 30 min. The migraine headache recurred in 44% (attack 1), 55% (attack 2) and 44% (attack 3) after 4-5 h. Sixty-eight per cent of the patients reported nasal irritation, 19% taste disturbance and 44% throat irritation. Alniditan 2 mg, administered via the intranasal route, was effective in relieving migraine headaches in over two-thirds of the patients at 1 h.
Cephalalgia 2001 Mar
PMID:Treatment of migraine attacks with intranasal alniditan: an open study. 1142 97


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