Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The transition into menopause is an experience that is unique to every woman. This experience can encompass anything from an occasional hot flash to complete and utter distress. Considerable attention is being paid to African-American women as they transition through menopause, but their use of symptom self-care strategies is an area that would benefit from further research. Findings from this study are part of a larger five-year study exploring biopsychosocial health and wellness among diverse midlife women. This report includes identification of symptom prevalence, symptom distress, and self-care strategies used by midlife African-American women during a six-month time period. Prevalent or severe symptoms included fatigue, headaches, cramps, night sweats, and depression. Most self-care strategies were "passive" strategies, such as 'faith," "think," "accept," or "value/believe/forgive self". It is recommended that health-care providers inquire about other symptoms that might accompany classic vasomotor menopausal symptoms and identify "active" self-care strategies that ameliorate specific symptoms.
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PMID:Symptom experience and self-care strategies among healthy, midlife African-American women. 1657 Jun 41

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of vardenafil in primary care, we undertook a post-marketing surveillance study in 384 men with erectile dysfunction (ED), enrolled by 22 family physicians in Korea, from July 2004 to August 2005. Of the 384 patients enrolled, 343 (89.3%) returned for efficacy assessment and safety evaluation. Among the latter, 279 patients (81.3%) reported that their erectile function improved, 292 (92.1%) showed enhanced IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function)-5 scores and 265 (77.9%) responded that they were 'very satisfied' or 'satisfied' with vardenafil treatment. The most frequent reason for patient satisfaction with vardenafil was erectile potency (62.4%), followed by safety (42.4%), rapid onset (35.3%), adequate duration of efficacy (28.5%) and easy administration (25.9%). A total of 23 adverse events were observed in 18 patients, with the most frequent being hot flushes (3.2%), followed by headache (1.2%), nasal congestion (0.6%), color vision disturbance (0.3%), dizziness (0.3%), dry mouth (0.3%), dyspepsia (0.3%), nausea (0.3%) and diarrhea (0.3%). Only one patient discontinued vardenafil as a direct result of an adverse event. These results suggest that vardenafil prescribed by primary care physicians improved erectile function and was well tolerated by patients with ED.
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PMID:Post-marketing surveillance study of the efficacy and safety of vardenafil among patients with erectile dysfunction in primary care. 1728 34

To determine symptoms, perceptions and practices after natural menopause by women aged 50-59 years, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 450 women from Alexandria. The most frequently recalled symptoms were tiredness (96.0%), headache (95.1%), hot flushes (90.7%), skin wrinkles (90.7%) and decreased sexual desire (89.1%). About 91% of women had never heard about hormone replacement therapy; 42.7% would expose their body to the sun; 12.4% were moderately active the year before menopause. Multiple regression analysis indicated that women's knowledge about menopause was related to marital status, education and employment status; practices were related to pattern of menopause, age of menopause and income.
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PMID:Women's perception and experience of menopause: a community-based study in Alexandria, Egypt. 1736 81

Fulvestrant (Faslodex) is a pure anti-oestrogen that reduces markers of hormone sensitivity and proliferation in postmenopausal women with oestrogen-receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. This randomised trial compared the effects on the tumours of a single dose of 750mg fulvestrant to those of daily tamoxifen (20mg) taken 14-16 days prior to surgery in 60 premenopausal women with ER-positive primary breast cancer. There were statistically significant falls in the expression of ER and Ki67 levels compared to the baseline with both drugs. Both drugs caused a decrease in PgR expression from baseline but this was only statistically significant with fulvestrant. No statistically significant differences were seen between the two treatment groups. Fulvestrant caused an increase in circulating levels of oestradiol, irrespective of the stage of the menstrual cycle at which patients commenced treatment. No major changes were seen in LH, FSH and progesterone levels with either drug. The most common adverse events with fulvestrant were headaches, hot flushes, nausea and disturbance of menses. Contrary to previous studies with fulvestrant 250mg, these findings suggest that at a dose of 750mg fulvestrant is effective at reducing the effects of oestrogen on ER-positive breast cancer in premenopausal women.
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PMID:Effects of fulvestrant 750mg in premenopausal women with oestrogen-receptor-positive primary breast cancer. 1808 23

The occurrence of vasomotor symptoms in women is directly related to deficiency of estrogen, which occurs as a result of natural or surgical menopause. Hot flushes may also be a major problem for patients with a history of breast cancer, as they may result directly from cancer treatment (oophorectomy, chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure or adjuvant tamoxifen citrate therapy). Despite the lack of reliable data regarding their efficacy and safety, in recent years the usage of herbs among menopausal women has increased dynamically all over the world. The following paper reviews professional literature about Black Cohosh (Actaea/Cimicifuga racemosa), either used alone or in combination with other medicinal herbs administered in management of vasomotor symptoms. Extracts of the rootstock of Black cohosh contain such potentially biologically active constituents as triterpene glycosides (actein, cimicifugoside, deoxyacetein), isoferulic acid and alkaloids (n-methylcytisine). The mechanism of its action remains unclear. Some authors suggest that Black Cohosh contains substances with selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) activity. Recent data has demonstrated that Black Cohosh may have an effect on dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Thirty-two papers formed the basis for this review. Open-label, noncomparative studies, as well as treatment-controlled, randomized, open trials, have proven that Black Cohosh significantly reduced frequency or severity of hot flashes. The results of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials were contradictory. Adverse symptoms have been rare (5,4%), mild and reversible. Most of them included gastrointestinal upsets, rashes, headaches, dizziness and mastalgia. Nevertheless, single cases of serious adverse events, including acute hepatocellular damage, have been reported, but without a clear causality relationship.
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PMID:[Efficacy and safety of Black cohosh (Actaea/Cimicifuga racemosa) in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms--review of clinical trials]. 1859 68

Menopausal transition is often accompanied by a variety of adverse pathological symptoms, currently treated with hormone replacement therapy, which is associated with a number of health risks. This report investigated the role of a food supplement--a composition of energy-exchange metabolites, with succinate as the main component--for treating menopausal syndrome. We studied the impact of a 4-week succinate-based food composition (SBC) treatment on the estral cycle, and bone mass and calcium content of aging mice. The impact of SBC on hormone levels and on the progression of several neurovegetative and psycho-emotional symptoms was further investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study of early menopausal women. Data were collected from questionnaires, Kupperman index scores, Spielberger-Hanin tests, and blood analysis of hormone levels taken at baseline and throughout the 5-week study. A "rejuvenating" effect of SBC on menopausal animals was observed, expressed as restoration of the estral cycle and an increase in the weight and calcium content of bone tissue. Furthermore, in the randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study in menopausal women, SBC-based monotherapy significantly lowered most subjectively evaluated characteristics of menopausal syndrome and increased blood serum levels of estradiol fourfold. This monotherapy also alleviated symptoms of some neurovegetative and psycho-emotional disorders, such as hot flushes, headache, and anxiety. Succinate-based therapy alleviated many biochemical symptoms of menopause in aging mice and early menopausal women, as well as neurovegetative and psycho-emotional disorders in women. Succinate-based therapy appeared to be free of adverse side effects.
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PMID:A succinate-based composition reverses menopausal symptoms without sex hormone replacement therapy. 1894 77

Tibolone is a synthetic molecule used extensively for the management of menopausal symptoms, with the proposed additional advantage of enhanced mood and libido. Tibolone, after oral administration, is rapidly converted into 3 major metabolites: 3alpha-hydroxytibolone and 3beta-hydroxytibolone, which have estrogenic effects, and the Delta(4)-isomer, which has progestogenic and androgenic effects. The tissue-selective effects of tibolone are the result of metabolism, of enzyme regulation, and of receptor activation which vary in different tissues. Tibolone seems to be effective on estrogen-withdrawal symptoms such as hot flushes, sweating, insomnia, headache, and vaginal dryness, with results generally comparable to the effects exerted by estrogen-based treatments, and the additional property of a progestogenic activity on the endometrium. As well as relieving vasomotor symptoms, tibolone has positive effects on sexual well-being and mood, and improves dyspareunia and libido. These effects may depend on both estrogenic and androgenic actions exerted at the genital level and in the central nervous system, and on a reduction of sex-hormone-binding globulin and an increase of free testosterone, without affecting Delta-5 androgens levels. Based on the evidence available, tibolone is a valuable treatment option to relieve menopausal complaints, especially in women suffering persistent fatigue, blunted motivation, and loss of sexual desire despite an adequate estrogen replacement.
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PMID:Beneficial effect of tibolone on mood, cognition, well-being, and sexuality in menopausal women. 1941 77

A novel micellar, nanoparticle emulsion containing 17beta-estradiol is currently available as a daily topical treatment for moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. Applied daily to the lower extremities, the emulsion delivers 0.05 mg estradiol systemically and provides an 85% reduction in hot flash frequency versus baseline by 12 weeks of therapy. When specifically surveyed, most patients felt that this cosmetic-like delivery system was convenient and preferable to transdermal patches. Local skin reactions, all mild, were seen in 4%, and there was a low incidence of side effects that included breast pain, endometrial thickening and headache. Contraindications include those common to all estrogen-containing therapies. This formulation provides patients with a cosmetic-like treatment option that is effective and safe, delivers stable systemic estradiol levels, and may promote overall treatment compliance.
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PMID:Estradiol topical emulsion for the treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. 1980 62

The pharmacological management of disease should involve consideration of the balance between the beneficial effects of treatment on outcome and the probability of adverse effects. The aim of this review is to explore the risk of adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions with treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis. We reviewed evidence for adverse reactions from regulatory documents, randomized controlled trials, pharmacovigilance surveys, and case series. Bisphosphonates are associated with gastrointestinal effects, musculoskeletal pain, and acute-phase reactions, as well as, very rarely, atrial fibrillation, atypical fracture, delayed fracture healing, osteonecrosis of the jaw, hypersensitivity reactions, and renal impairment. Cutaneous effects and osteonecrosis of the jaw are of concern for denosumab (both very rare), though there are no pharmacovigilance data for this agent yet. The selective estrogen receptor modulators are associated with hot flushes, leg cramps, and, very rarely, venous thromboembolism and stroke. Strontium ranelate has been linked to hypersensitivity reactions and venous thromboembolism (both very rare) and teriparatide with headache, nausea, dizziness, and limb pain. The solidity of the evidence base depends on the frequency of the reaction, and causality is not always easy to establish for the very rare adverse reactions. Drug-drug interactions are rare. Osteoporosis treatments are generally safe and well tolerated, though they are associated with a few very rare serious adverse reactions. While these are a cause for concern, the risk should be weighed against the benefits of treatment itself, i.e., the prevention of osteoporotic fracture.
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PMID:Adverse reactions and drug-drug interactions in the management of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. 2163 97

Treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis are generally safe, but are linked to some rare serious adverse drug reactions, for which causality is not always certain. The bisphosphonates are associated with gastrointestinal effects, acute phase reactions, and musculoskeletal pain, and, more rarely, cases of atrial fibrillation, subtrochanteric fracture, osteonecrosis of the jaw, cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions and renal impairment. It is too soon for pharmacovigilance data on denosumab, but it has been associated with cutaneous effects and possibly osteonecrosis of the jaw (to date, only in metastatic cancer). The selective estrogen receptor modulators may induce hot flushes and leg cramps, and--more rarely--venous thromboembolism and stroke. Strontium ranelate is associated with headache, nausea and diarrhea, and, more rarely, cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions and venous thromboembolism, while teriparatide and parathyroid hormone(1-84) are associated with headache, nausea, dizziness and limb pain. The management of osteoporosis should entail weighing the probability of adverse reactions against the benefits of therapy--that is, reduction of fracture risk.
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PMID:Adverse drug reactions to osteoporosis treatments. 2222 Mar 6


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