Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an open, multicentre study, transdermal administration of oestradiol (E2) by means of skin patches was investigated in a Finnish patient population suffering from typical post-menopausal symptoms. A total of 249 women applied a patch twice weekly for 6 months. Whereas 85% of the subjects were experiencing hot flushes and 83.5% sweating before therapy, only 5.7% and 11.8%, respectively, reported these symptoms at the end of the trial. Furthermore, 97.6%, 95.7% and 94.8% of the subjects reported that depression, headache and sleep disturbances, respectively, had disappeared during therapy. Skin irritation occurred in 18.2% of these predominantly fair-skinned women. Frequent sauna bathing did not interfere with the patch therapy. General acceptance of the treatment was excellent, 84.8% of the patients completing the treatment, of whom 78% were willing to continue the treatment after the trial. These results show that transdermal administration of E2 is effective in relieving post-menopausal symptoms. Local tolerability was good and the majority of the patients considered the transdermal treatment to be superior to their previous oral replacement therapy.
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PMID:Transdermal oestrogen replacement therapy in a Finnish population. 177 81

Nafarelin 400 micrograms daily and danazol 600 mg daily were compared in a double-blind randomized study. Eighty-two patients with endometriosis were treated for 6 months after an initial laparoscopy and 74 had a second laparoscopy. Twenty-two (30%) patients had complete disease regression, 42 (57%) patients had a partial regression, and in 10 (13%) patients disease was unchanged or worse. Both treatments led to significant regression of active disease but not of adhesions. At 3 months follow-up, 34 (64%) patients reported their symptoms were improved, 15 (28%) reported no change, and 4 (8%) were worse. Nafarelin was associated with more hot flushes and headaches, and danazol with more weight gain. No significant differences, however, were noted in treatment efficacy between the two groups.
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PMID:A comparison of nafarelin acetate and danazol in the treatment of endometriosis. 214 Sep 96

We performed phase I study of FK 435, a new antiestrogen, in 30 patients with advanced breast cancer. Slight to moderate adverse reactions were noted as follows. Single-dose study: anorexia, nausea, lassitude in one patient (80 mg), decreased serum calcium in one (160 mg), redness, tenderness in one, facial flushing, hot flushes, headache in one (320 mg). Repeated-dose study: anorexia, nausea in one patient (40 mg/day), anorexia, diarrhea, increased FSH in one, increased PRL in one (80 mg/day). FK 435 was well tolerated. Tmax was 3-5 hours, T1/2 about 25 hours. Most of FK 435 was excreted into urine as glucuronide.
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PMID:[Phase I study of FK 435]. 219 79

Retinoids have shown a tumor growth inhibition and a synergistic activity with hormonal manipulations in human breast cancer cell lines and rat mammary carcinoma. To investigate the potential usefulness of this synergistic activity in human breast cancer, 33 postmenopausal patients with advanced disease were treated with the combination of tamoxifen (10 mg p.o. three times a day) and retinyl acetate (300,000 IU p.o. daily). Out of 31 evaluable patients, 3 achieved complete response, 9 partial response (overall response rate: 38.5%, 95% confidence interval = 21%-56%) and 16 (52%) showed no change. The median duration of response was 11.5 months (range: 3-19+ months), while the 2-year overall survival rate for the entire group of patients was 63%. Toxicity was generally mild, hot flushes, nausea (and/or vomiting), headache and cutaneous itching being the most frequent side-effects. Only 1 patient discontinued treatment for severe toxicity. These preliminary results suggest that the combination of tamoxifen and high-dose retinyl acetate is a safe and effective regimen for breast cancer patients. However, the study design does not allow us to establish whether the very low rate of early disease progression we observed might be related to a possible synergistic effect between retinoids and antiestrogens or rather to the quite indolent disease of the patients who have been selected for entry into this trial.
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PMID:Phase II study of tamoxifen and high-dose retinyl acetate in patients with advanced breast cancer. 222 42

The authors compare the efficiency of two drugs in the treatment of threatened premature labour, the one being the calcium inhibitor (nifedipine) and the other a beta-mimetic drug (ritodrine). 62 patients after random selection were divided into two groups: 32 treated with ritodrine and 30 treated with nifedipine. The treatment was carried out over 7 days. The success rate was similar in both groups -72% for the ritodrine group and 63.33% for the nifedipine group. Women receiving nifedipine had slightly greater gain in weeks, six as against five for ritodrine. The side effects which were often found with nifedipine were; hot flushes (in 10 cases) and headaches (4 cases). These symptoms appeared 15-30 minutes after the first dose and were transitory. No neonatal complications were found. The ease with which a calcium inhibitor can be given suggests that it should be used more frequently in the treatment of threatened premature labour and particularly when there are contra-indications to the use of beta-mimetic drugs.
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PMID:[A randomized study of the treatment of threatened premature labor. Nifedipine versus ritodrine]. 238 May 10

The present investigation was undertaken to establish the relation between climacteric symptoms, ovarian function, ageing, and psychological factors. The subjects were as follows; 1,270 women who received a screening test for cervical cancer and 247 women following hysterectomy. The methods of investigation were Kupperman menopausal index (K-index), Cornell Medical Index (CMI) and YG character questionnaire (YG test). The following results were obtained: 1) the K-index increased until 39 years of age and was constant after 40 years. Five symptoms (chills, nervousness, melancholia, excitability and vertigo) were not influenced by ageing, and seven symptoms (panting, hypesthesia, insomnia, wakefulness, fatigue, palpitation and formication) increased with age. Hot flushes, perspiration, numbness, shoulder stiffness, lumbago, and headache, occurred at peak frequency in the climacteric period. 2) In hot flushes, perspiration, numbness, hypesthesia, shoulder stiffness, lumbago, and formication, a significant difference was found between the control and those patients who had received bilateral oophorectomy. 3) The K-index and CMI score were significantly correlated, and six symptoms (palpitation, panting, excitability, vertigo, wakefulness and formication) in particular were related to CMI. 4) The K-index was lowest in the patients indicated to be the D type by the YG test, and was highest in the patients of the B.E type. Six symptoms (excitability, palpitation, panting, melanchoria, hypesthesia and formication) were thought to be associated with the character of the patients. Results showed that four symptoms (hot flushes, perspiration, numbness, shoulder stiffness and lumbago) were closely related to ovarian function, and three symptoms (panting, excitability, and palpitation) depended largely on mental factors. The relationship between vasomortor symptoms and gonadotropin was investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Study on climacteric symptoms in relation to ovarian function ageing and psychologic factors]. 249 39

Whole blood viscosity was determined in 10 patients with polycythemia vera and 129 normal controls using a cone-plate type rotational viscometer at 37 degrees C. Three of the patients with polycythemia vera exhibited vascular occlusions including cerebral and myocardial infarction. The remaining patients had transient complications such as headache, short of breath and hot flush probably due to the circulatory disturbance. All patients had a blood viscosity higher than normal determined at a shear rate between 37.5 and 375 sec-1. This indicated that the patient might be in the imminent danger of occlusion when the viscosity is above twice the normal mean value. Clinical symptoms appeared in all patients at least over the value of the mean plus 3 standard deviations of the normal controls in the viscosity at a shear rate between 37.5 and 375 sec-1. The present study represented a close relationship between the occurrence of occlusive and/or reversible lesions and the elevated values of whole blood viscosity in polycythemia vera. The phlebotomy and fluid infusion therapy was valuable in most cases because the viscosity was decreased at once to the normal level. In addition an extended classification of hyperviscosity syndrome consisting of cell, plasma and combined hyperviscosity is proposed.
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PMID:Rheological study on vascular occlusion and cellular hyperviscosity syndrome in polycythemia vera. 261 45

The climacteric syndrome (CS) was investigated in a large sample of women (over 4000) who spontaneously attended the Menopause Clinic at the University of Bologna between 1976 and 1986. The participants selected had received no hormonal replacement therapy for at least 6 mth or any other drug for at least 3 mth previously. They were all free from any disease that could influence any of the CS symptoms. The frequency of 12 symptoms considered typical of the CS was investigated. The interrelationships between these symptoms were determined as well as the frequency of the occurrence of individual symptoms in association with various climacteric complaints. The results indicated (a) that the CS is not uniform but both variable and individual, (b) that the frequency of its constituent symptoms remains high in advanced fertile age and the advanced postmenopause, (c) that the symptoms are preferentially interlinked, (d) that many, but not all, symptoms exhibit a differentiated pattern during the course of the natural and surgical menopause/age progression, and (e) that hot flushes and sweating, and to some extent insomnia and headache, are menopause-dependent.
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PMID:Analysis of the climacteric syndrome. 272 36

The induction of a state of hypo-oestrogenism has been found to be effective in the treatment of endometriosis. Continued administration of agonistic analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) results in the normal menstruating female developing normogonadotrophic-amenorrhoea with reduced circulating levels of oestradiol-17B, often within the menopausal range. Uncontrolled studies reported the efficacy of LHRH analogues in patients with mild, moderate and even severe endometriosis (American Fertility Society classification) following 6 months therapy. A number of large multi-centre randomized open or double blind trials comparing various LHRH analogues against danazol are currently underway. Published results available to date indicate that LHRH analogues and danazol are equally effective at reducing the symptoms of endometriosis and inducing complete or partial resolution of endometriotic deposits. Side-effects are, however, more severe with danazol therapy. The side-effects experienced with LHRH analogues are those expected from an induced state of hypo-oestrogenism--hot flushes, dry vagina, headaches, superficial dyspareunia--but are well tolerated by patients. The alterations observed in bone and calcium metabolism are comparable to those in the menopause--increased Ca++ loss and reversible loss of trabecular bone density have been reported. These effects may limit the duration and/or frequency of LHRH analogue treatment regimens. The valuable role of LHRH analogues in the treatment of endometriosis has been established and, as newer formulations become available, they are likely to play an increasingly important part in patient management.
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PMID:LHRH analogues in the treatment of endometriosis--comparative results with other treatments. 306 68

Symptoms due to estrogen deficiency begin in the perimenopausal years and progress as serum levels of this hormone decrease Vasomotor instability, manifested by hot flushes or night sweats, may persist for several months to a few years. Psychologic symptoms include anxiety, tension, depression, insomnia, palpitations, and headaches. Atrophy of the genital epithelium may result in senile vaginitis with symptoms of irritation, burning, pruritus, dyspareunia, and even vaginal bleeding. Even the lower urinary tract mucosa is dependent upon estrogen. Postmenopausal osteoporosis affects 25 to 50% of older women and increases the risk for vertebral, hip, and other fractures. Estrogen therapy for menopausal complaints has received adverse publicity because several reports have indicated that unopposed estrogens increase the risk of endometrial cancer. Added progestogen not only negates this risk but reduces the incidence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in estrogen-progestogen users to less than that observed in untreated women. Estrogen replacement therapy does not increase the risk of breast cancer; the incidence of this malignancy, however, was also less in the estrogen-progestogen users when compared with either the untreated women or from that expected from the national cancer surveys. In evaluating postmenopausal women for hormone replacement, the benefits of estrogen-progestogen therapy must be weighed against possible risks.
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PMID:The menopause. 351 23


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