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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical experience with Femovan (Schering AG, Berlin), a combined oral contraceptive containing 0.075 mg gestodene and 0.030 mg ethinyl estradiol, in 3267 women at 165 hospitals and private practices in Germany, from December 1985-February 1988, is presented. 46% were new pill users, 54% switched from other formulations, usually contained 0.030 mg ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel, desogestrel, norethisterone or lynestrenol. Each subject gave informed consent, was within 10% of normal weight, kept a menstrual diary, and attended for follow-up at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months. They averaged 24.7 years old. 98.7% continued for 6 cycles; 56.6% for 12 cycles and 33.4% for 18 cycles. While 90% of the dropouts did not return for follow up, stated reasons for stopping were 10.3% for minor side effects of headaches, intermenstrual bleeding and weight gain, and 8 for planned pregnancy. 7 pregnancies were recorded, 5 related to errors in taking tablets or 2 or more pills, giving a Pearl Index of 0.065 for method failure and 0.16 for patient failure. Both the flow and duration of menstrual bleeding tended to decrease. Intermenstrual bleeding occurred in 15.9% of new pill users, declining to 3.7% of all women by the 4th-6th cycles, often associated with omitted pills. There were no significant changes in weight or systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Numbers of complaints of minor side effects decreased or disappeared in 50-85%. Acne developed in 58 women but declined to 14 women after 12 cycles; acne pre-existed in 377 women improved in 41% after 3 cycles.
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PMID:Long-term experience with a low-dose oral contraceptive. 215 May 81

The contraceptive efficacy and side effects of postcoital levonorgestrel used repeatedly during the peri-ovulatory period of one cycle was examined in 259 women. All subjects were of proven fertility in their present union and had ovulatory cycles as assessed from pre-treatment BBT charts. The mean number of coital acts during the treatment cycle was 7.5 (SD:2.6) and the mean number of 0.75 mg levonorgestrel tablets taken during the peri-ovulatory period was 4.0 (SD:1.2). Two pregnancies, both considered to be method failures, occurred, giving a failure rate of 0.8% per treated cycle. Although the overall effect of levonorgestrel on menstrual cycle length was small and insignificant, menstrual cycle disturbances were not uncommon. Intermenstrual bleeding or spotting occurred in 8.5% of the treated cycles and 12.5% of the cycles were less than 20 or more than 35 days. Other side effects, mainly nausea, headache and dizziness, were reported by about 20% of the subjects but the apparent incidence of these complaints varied markedly between the nine participating centres from 0% to just over 50%. The data suggest that repeated postcoital use of levonorgestrel is probably not a viable approach to fertility regulation for the majority of women who have regular intercourse and wish to limit the number of their pregnancies.
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PMID:Postcoital contraception with levonorgestrel during the peri-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. Task Force on Post-ovulatory Methods for Fertility Regulation. 311 86

Synthetic estrogen-gestagen preparations represent a practically 100% efficient birth control method that in addition have a regulating effect on the menstrual cycle, while lowering the frequency with which such diseases as PID. However, side effects due to the metabolic influence of the steroids limit their usage. During recent years, contraceptives with varying steroid contents, imitating the variations of the level of sex hormones in the blood during the menstrual cycle, so-called triphasic contraceptives, have been used. The article describes a comparative study of the efficiency and tolerance of two hormonal contraceptives, containing low doses of steroid components: monophasic Rigevidon and triphasic Triquilar. 110 healthy women aged 20-41 using these two contraceptives for a period of 3-12 months were observed. 14.5% using Rigevidon and 16.4% using Triquilar developed side-effects, e.g., coarsened mammary glands and gastrointestinal irregularities (with a frequency almost twice as high for Rigevidon users), headaches, and nausea. The side effects usually occurred during the first months of usage and then disappeared. Intermenstrual bleeding was observed 1.5 times less frequently for users of Rigevidon. No instances of arterial hypertension were reported. Planned pregnancies occurred for 14 of 15 patients within 6 months after discontinuation of the contraceptive. Spontaneous menstruation reoccurred during 26-35 days for all patients taking Rigevidon and for 96.5% of women using Triquilar. Triquilar shows less pronounced influence on the systolic and diastolic indicators than Rigevidon and the frequency of interrupted menstrual cycles during the first months of contraception was lower. High efficiency, low frequency of side effects, absence of clinically manifested complications reflect the high acceptability of the estrogen-gestagen-containing contraceptives, Rigevidon and Triquilar.
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PMID:[Acceptability of hormonal contraceptives with a low steroid content]. 319 8

3 parenteral progestogens (medroxyprogesterone acetate, northisterone enanthate, and dehydroxyprogesterone acetophenide with estradiol enanthate, DPA) were studied in 907 women during 14,958 cycles over a 10-year period. The findings are summarized in 9 diagrams. The frequency of the principal side effects - intermenstrual bleeding, amenorrhea, headache, dizziness and nervousness - varied with the different substances. Intermenstrual bleeding and amenorrhea were least serious using DPA. When the injections were administered at the appropriate intervals, the drugs were effective and no pregnancies occurred. After suspending the treatment, the menstrual pattern returned to normal and the endometrium was fully regenerated. To date no fetal abnormalities have been reported after discontinuing the treatment.
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PMID:[Injectable contraceptives. 10 years' clinical experience]. 427 10

The clinical effects and the contraceptive effectiveness of a monophasic preparation containing 30 mg ethinylestradiol and 75 mg gestodene per tablet were assessed in a study of 115 healthy adolescents (mean age, 18.5 +or- 2 years) covering a total of 712 menstrual cycles (mean of 8 cycles per patient). There was a number of cases of discontinuation of the study (70/115), mainly due to poor discipline in tablet intake in this particular age group. Only 20 cases discontinued the study for medical reasons. No pregnancies occurred, in spite of the fact that tablets were frequently forgotten (11% of cycles). 88% of cycles presented a normal bleeding pattern from the 2nd month of treatment on. Spotting was sporadic (less than 8% from the 2nd cycle) and was mainly associated with tablet omission. Intermenstrual bleeding (breakthrough bleeding) occurred in 19% of the 1st menstrual cycles but only in 5% of the 2nd and following cycles. Tenderness of the breast was the most frequent subjective complaint (3.4% of cycles), followed by urogenital problems, headaches, and digestive disorders. However, all complaints remained sporadic (13.4% of cycles). The systolic blood pressure showed little variation, with only a slight increase from 123 to 125 mmHg after 6 months of treatment. Though not clinically important, an increase in diastolic blood pressure was observed (76-82 mmHg after 6 months). The patients showed a tendency to gain weight (54.4-56.7 kg after 6 months). It should be borne in mind, however, that this study was carried out in growing adolescents. It can be concluded, therefore, that this preparation is an effective contraceptive in spite of an inadequate use in 11% of cycles. The observed side effects were sporadic and not serious, indicating that the balance of this hormone combination was not too estrogenic or too progestogen-androgenic. Unjustified interruptions of the treatment were due to the young age and the low degree of compliance in this particular age group.
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PMID:Clinical tolerance of a combined monophasic contraceptive agent containing a low-dose of ethinyloestradiol and gestodene in adolescents. 832 45

Researchers compared the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of a triphasic oral contraceptive (OC), Triquilar, with those of a monophasic OC, Lo-Femenal, among 1088 women attending clinics in Chile, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Sri Lanka, and the Sudan. Both OCs contained levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol. 90% of women in each group exhibited good user compliance. Only 1 unplanned pregnancy occurred in each group, and both pregnancies were attributed to user failure. The gross cumulative efficacy rates at 11 months were 0.3/100 woman-years for the triphasic OC and 0.2/100 woman-years for the monophasic OC. The continuation rate at 11 months was lower for Lo-Femenal than it was for Triquilar (80.8% vs. 84.6%), but the difference was not significant. The leading side-effect-related reason for discontinuation in both groups was headache. Another key reason for OC discontinuation in both groups was personal reasons, such as planning a pregnancy. Most women in both groups did not have menstrual complaints (78.8% for the Triquilar group and 77.1% for the Lo-Femenal group). Intermenstrual bleeding rates were low (7.6% for the Triquilar group and 9% for the Lo-Femenal group). Significant intercenter differences for women reporting intermenstrual bleeding and side effects (e.g., headaches) existed (p .05). Women from both groups at the clinic in the Sudan always had lower reports of intermenstrual bleeding than those at the other clinics. In fact, no woman discontinued OC use because of intermenstrual bleeding in the Sudan. Women in Sri Lanka reported fewer side effects than those in other countries, suggesting they could better tolerate OCs than the other women. This multicenter study's findings indicates that both Triquilar and Lo-Femenal are effective and safe. In addition, they exhibit good cycle control.
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PMID:A multicenter comparative trial of triphasic and monophasic, low-dose combined oral contraceptives. 833 88

Ex Luton, an estrogen-free pill composed of 0.5 mg lynestrenol was given to 92 nonlactating women of proven fertility attending the Family Planning Clinic in the Misr Spinning and Weaving Company's Hospital at Mehalla-Kubra, Egypt. 695 cycles were given: 30 women received the pill for less than 6 cycles, and 62 for more than 6. 31 of the 62 continued the pill for more than 12 cycles. Pills were given daily without interruption. There were no cases of pregnancy during regular use. 2 cases of pregnancy occurred due to patient failure, 1 missing 6 pills in the 2nd cycle, and the other missing 2 in the 6th. 2 women who dropped out of the program because they wished to become pregnant did so: 1 who had taken only 1 cycle of pills became pregnant 1 month after dropping out; the 2nd completed 12 cycles and became pregnant 5 months after dropping out. The most common side effects that occur with combined pills appeared to be less frequent in the current study. Headache, nausea and sense of weakness, all present before use of the pill, either decreased or increased only slightly afterwards. Although amenorrhea was reported by 27% of the women after pill use -- a 5-fold increase -- it was noted in only 11.6% of the cycles and was not permanent, although 9 women dropped the pill because of it. Intermenstrual bleeding was a complaint of 12 women before pill use, and of 13 after. It was present only in 17 cycles, but was severe enough in 6 cases to make them drop the pill.
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PMID:Use of an oestrogen-free pill (Ex Luton) for contraception. 1231 Oct 50

Between the fall of 1991 and the fall of 1992, 1500 physicians from throughout France followed 5989 women, 13-56 years old, using the combined oral contraceptive (OC) Moneva (30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 75 mcg of the new generation progestogen, gestodene) for 3-6 months for a total of 29,000 cycles. Moneva was prescribed in 60% of the cases because the women did not tolerate a previous OC. Moneva effectively prevented pregnancy. It reduced the rate of abnormal cycles (5.4% of cycles vs. 0.9% at 3 months and 0.6% at 6 months). Intermenstrual bleeding also decreased in frequency from 13.8% to 6.1% at 6 months. Amenorrhea occurred less often with Moneva (2.8% vs. 1.1% at 3 and 6 months). Moneva also reduced the length of the menstrual period (20.7% of women with long period vs. 3.3% at 6 months) and excessive menstruation (1.4% vs. 0.2% at 6 months). Pain during menstruation, breast tenderness, and secondary effects occurred less frequently as well (37.1% vs. 13.5% at 3 months and 9/7% at 6 months, 13% vs. 7.9% at 6 months, and 15.1% vs. 11.1% at 3 months and 9% at 6 months, respectively). Secondary effects included headaches, nausea, and heavy legs. Moneva did not affect body weight or arterial blood pressure. 95% of women who took Moneva for 6 months were satisfied with it. 83.8% said that they would continue to use it. In conclusion, Moneva is an effective, safe, tolerable, and acceptable OC for women of all ages.
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PMID:[Oral contraception with Moneva: findings of a cohort study of 6000 women]. 1231 72