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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A brief survey of the literature on the side effects of oral contraceptives is given. Of the many influences on laboratory results those related to (reversible) cholestasis or to a change in protein synthesis are the most important ones. A decrease of the tolerance for glucose is sometimes observed. Few of the clinical side effects attributed to oral contraceptives can be directly correlated with the pharmaceutical action of these drugs. Many so-called side effects of the pill are due to other factors such as altered psychosociological or sexual behavior, etc. However, among users of oral contraceptives there is a significant decrease in the number of benign tumors, particularly of the breast, the uterus and the ovaries. It is still an open question if this also signifies protection against cancer. Anemias due to iron deficiency are less frequent among users of the pill. According to recent studies arterial hypertension and cholecystopathies are probably directly related to oral contraceptives, but a causal relation has not been proven for migraine, headaches, depression etc. An elevated risk for vascular complications seems to be well established: there is a 4-6-fold increase of the estimated risk for venous thrombo-embolism and a 4-9-fold increase for cerebrovascular accidents among users of oral contraceptives when compared with nonpregnant women of the same age not using the pill. Oral contraceptives act as a supplementary factor of risk which may cumulate with other similar factors, such as arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, overweight, smoking etc. Mortality due to oral contraceptives is very much 10-50 x) inferior to the one caused by delivery and the post partum state. Since the number of failures in prevention of pregnancies is less for oral contraceptives than for any other method of contraception, the overall risk of death under oral contraceptives in this age group of women is least.
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PMID:[Real and seeming side-effects of oral contraceptives with an emphasis on medical and haematological problems. Review of literature (author's transl)]. 79 Mar 74

Pathologically increased apetite is the most tormenting symptom of overweight conditions and therefore, along with dietetic treatment which plays an essential role, it is most expedient to resort to anorectic drugs also. Recently, the Sanorex preparation (Mazindol, Teronak, AN 448 degrees--imidazo-isoindole derivative having a tricyclic structure) is ever more extensively used. The action of the drug is studied in a series of 32 obesity individuals under sanatorial conditions and normocaloric diet, over a period of twenty seven days. The new preparation Sanorex which causes aversion to food, given in small doses, accounts for prompt and reliable control of the apetite--9590 kg reduction, 0,362 kg mean daily weight loss (p less than 0,05), and equal intensity of weight loss in either of the sexes (p less than 0,01). Side effects such as dryness in the mouth, very strong and moderate thurst, insomnia, superficial sleep, headache, elevated excitability, tachycardia, general feebleness are transitory, subside within two weeks, and are tolerated comparatively well by the patients included in the series. Sanorex administration may be recommended provided due consideration is given to the usual limitations implied by the continuous use of new drugs.
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PMID:[Treatment of obesity with the anoretic Sanorex]. 80 32

Three groups of patients were compared statistically: 79 with the diagnosis "psychosomatic headache" (in the strict sense of the term), 450 others whose headache was part of another disorder (termed "symptomatic headache"), and 850 patients free from headache symptoms. The following characteristics were found for the group with psychosomatic headache: More psychosomatic diseases in the family, usually the eldest in birth rank, usually living in towns, married, two children, intellectual level about average, overweight, ego-strength with compulsive features, tendency towards oral abuse of different kinds, few other psychosomatic complaints (contrary to the group with symptomatic headache). In the discussion the authors try to demonstrate the defensive function of this selective somatisation.
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PMID:[Statistical study in psychosomatic headache (author's transl)]. 81 Jun 80

Three groups of patients were compared statistically: 79 with the diagnosis psychosomatic headache' (in the strict sense of the term), 450 others whose headache was part of another disorder (termed symptomatic headache'), and 850 patients free from headache symptoms. The following characteristics were found for the group with psychosomatic headache: More psychosomatic diseases in the family, usually the eldest in birth rank, usually living in towns, married, two children, intellectual level above average, overweight, ego-strength with compulsive features, tendency towards oral abuse of different kinds, few other psychosomatic complaints (contrary to the group with symptomatic headache). In the discussion the Authors try to demonstrate the defensive function of this selective somatisation.
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PMID:[Statistical approach to psychosomatic headaches]. 93 50

Benign intracranial hypertension (BICH) is a rare adverse event. We report the case of a 31-year-old female drug addict who had been seropositive for HIV since 1987. She had stage IV C1 AIDS, and was receiving intravenous amphotericin B for generalized cryptococcosis with no neuromeningeal involvement. She developed BICH that regressed when the antifungal drug was withdrawn and treatment for cerebral edema was started. BICH is a clinical entity involving intracranial hypertension with no focal neurological signs or detectable intracranial lesion. The manifestations include headache, transitory or permanent visual disturbances (diplopia, loss of visual acuity) and the perception of intracranial noise. The cerebrospinal fluid is under increased pressure but the composition is normal. The eye fundus examination shows papillary edema, and the neuroradiological workup is normal. BICH can only be diagnosed once an expansive intracranial process, neuromeningeal infection, and non-communicative hydrocephalus have been ruled out. In the majority of cases, no etiology is found. Such cases of idiopathic BICH usually occur in overweight young women, although drugs can be implicated. Amphotericin B has not previously been held responsible for BICH. On the basis of this observation, we present a review of the literature.
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PMID:[Drug-induced benign intracranial hypertension. Apropos of a case with amphotericin B. Review of the literature]. 129 80

Persons who contacted the Anorexia/Bulimia Association of Norway for information and stated that they had an eating disorder were asked to participate in this questionnaire study. The answers from the 32 women who fulfilled the DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa are presented. Usually the women's eating problems had started in the teens after a period of voluntary dieting. The mean duration of bulimia nervosa was six years. 31% had a history of anorexia nervosa. At the time of the study almost all had normal body weight, but nevertheless felt overweight. 78% practised self-induced vomiting, 22% used laxatives and 16% used diuretics to reduce weight. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were common in connection with the overeating episodes, but also more generally, which interfered with everyday life. Somatic symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhoea, constipation, dyspepsia, headache, dry mouth and eyes, parotid gland swelling, muscular symptoms, fatigue, and oligomenorrhoea) were also common.
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PMID:[Bulimia nervosa and self-reported symptoms. A questionnaire study among 32 women with bulimia nervosa]. 147 Nov 6

Though there has been increased emphasis on women's health and on community participation in the development of health policy, 'ordinary women' have seldom been asked about their major health concerns. This paper reports on a survey of a stratified random sample of 356 women in Hamilton. Among their main worries regarding health were various cancers and heart disease. The health problems they had experienced in the previous six months which had bothered them most were stress, arthritis, being overweight, migraines/chronic headaches and tiredness. On the basis of these and similar data presented here, it is argued that such community surveys provide an important source of data. They identify somewhat different priorities than approaches which rely on the opinions of experts and other key informants.
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PMID:Women's views of their main health problems. 147 66

On the basis of extended health balances of 3482 14-year old school children, the association between the incidence of chronic diseases of the nasopharynx and some circumstances of their living conditions was evaluated. Nasopharyngeal diseases were identified in 2.3% of children. Their incidence was unrelated to sex; it was similar in urban and rural environments. Some circumstances creating inferior living conditions were associated with higher incidence of these diseases; they included living in poverty, lack of central heating and covering by foot a large distance from home to school. Other circumstances, e.g. numerous family, crowding of the apartment, un-sanitary sleeping conditions, contrary to expectation failed to display such associations. Likewise, health-promoting behaviours (e.g. habit of teeth cleaning, practising sports) did not lead to lower incidence of these diseases. Consideration of the problem from standpoint of physical development showed that the proceeding of the maturation process failed to be paralleled by lower incidence of nasopharyngeal diseases. This incidence amounted in pupils with overweight to 4.1% of cases, and in the remaining ones to 2.0-2.3%. Nasopharyngeal diseases were recorded in 5.4-5.5% of pupils complaining of poor general feeling (headache, sleep disturbances), and in as many as 7.0% of those experiencing difficulties in falling asleep. As concerns the progress in learning, the difficulties between better and worse pupils in the incidence of nasopharyngeal diseases were insignificant. These diseases occurred somewhat more frequently in pupils with up to 14 days of justified non-attendance per semester, as compared with those without any non-attendance or with non-attendance lasting more than 14 days.
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PMID:[Effect of chronic nasopharyngeal diseases among 14-year-old students and extra-curricular factors on school performance]. 178 18

From September 1982 to June 1987, all members (N = 513) of the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle, Wash, who were prescribed isotretinoin for acne were observed throughout the first 4- to 5-month course of therapy for effectiveness and adverse effects. The highest rates of use were among male subjects aged 15 to 24 years. Excluding 47 subjects whose prescriptions were stopped because of noncompliance or who left the care of Group Health Cooperative physicians, 39 (8.4%) of the remaining 466 discontinued taking the drug because of the following adverse effects: mucous/skin/musculoskeletal effects (17); elevated triglyceride levels (eight); headaches (five); increased liver enzyme levels (three); amenorrhea (two); and other (four). One subject, excluded from the 466 because of noncompliance, became pregnant while using medication from a previous prescription and had a therapeutic abortion; she was not under the care of a physician at the time of pregnancy. Most subjects (97%) developed a mucocutaneous symptom, and 42% developed musculoskeletal symptoms. Moderate elevations in liver enzyme levels developed in six (1.8%) of 341 subjects with normal baseline values. Of 389 subjects with normal baseline triglyceride values (less than 2.25 mmol/L), nine (2.3%) developed moderate elevations (4.5 to 9.0 mmol/L), and one (0.3%) developed a severe elevation (greater than or equal to 9.0 mmol/L). Of 24 subjects with elevated baseline triglyceride levels, three (12.5%) developed moderate elevations. Of an additional 53 subjects whose baseline serum triglyceride levels were not determined, two developed elevations during therapy, one up to 13.4 mmol/L. Subjects who were overweight or had elevated baseline serum triglyceride values had an increased risk of developing elevations in triglyceride levels during therapy (odds ratio, 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 22.0; and odds ratio, 4.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 20.2, respectively). Acne was improved for at least 94.0% of subjects.
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PMID:An observational study of isotretinoin recipients treated for acne in a health maintenance organization. 182 96

A comprehensive and developmentally appropriate Primary Health Care Needs Assessment (PHCNA) was constructed for use with 24 chronically ill adolescents and their parents. The adolescents identified boredom, concern about the future effects of their illnesses, not being able to do the things their friends do, headaches, depression, being overweight, not doing well in school, and needing help to decide about the future among their priority primary health care needs.
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PMID:Perspectives of chronically ill adolescents and parents on health care needs. 235 23


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