Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 25-year-old woman (gravida 1, para 0) who had no history indicating the toxemia of pregnancy developed hypertension and severe throbbing headache after the delivery of her first child by the cesarean section. Generalized tonic-clonic seizure ensued 5 days after the delivery, after which she did not fully regain her consciousness. Her head T2-weighted and FLAIR MRIs showed areas of multiple high intensities in the basal ganglia and cerebral white matter. Her cerebral MRA revealed the segmental stenosis and irregular wall of the major vessels, in particular of the right MCA trunk. Three weeks later, these abnormalities in the neuroimages disappeared and she was free of any symptoms. The history disclosed that obstetricians had used methylergometrine maleate for uterine contraction after delivery and then sumatriptan for her throbbing headache. We speculate that these vasoconstrictive agents might have induced the postpartum cerebral angiopathy. Postpartum cerebral angiopathy may be distinct from reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy in that the abnormalities are not restricted to the posterior lobes and that the vascular changes are apparent on neuroimagings. However, this entity might have a common underlying physiology, which is the abnormally elevated blood pressure that occurs in the setting of early postpartum period. Caution should be exercised when vasoconstrictives are to be used in postpartum period.
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PMID:[Postpartum cerebral angiopathy--a case report the vasculopathy associated with co-administration of two vasoconstrictives, methylergometrine maleate and sumatriptan]. 1519 57

We present a case of tonic-clonic seizure occurring on day four post partum and associated with severe post dural puncture headache. The possible underlying aetiologies of this and two other cases we have managed and the difficulty distinguishing such seizures from eclampsia are discussed.
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PMID:Puerperal seizures associated with post dural puncture headache. 1532 2

A 9-year-old boy presented with a 12-month history of headaches and recent grand mal seizures. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed an enhancing right frontal convexity lesion. The preoperative diagnosis was meningioma. However, histological examination was diagnostic of Rosai-Dorfman disease. Rosai-Dorfman disease confined to the intracranial compartment is very rare, of 34 reported cases only one presented in the first decade. Optimal treatment has not been established, but complete surgical resection alone seems effective and allows histological distinction from meningioma.
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PMID:Isolated intracranial Rosai-Dorfman disease mimicking meningioma in a child. 1532 36

A 38-year-old man living near Phnom Penh (Cambodia) was admitted to a hospital in Paris in June 2001 for a single episode of a generalized grand mal seizure. This episode was preceded by a 9-month history of headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed a rounded lesion immediately ahead of the left central sulcus. The resected lesion was about 20 mm in diameter. Histologic examination revealed an elongated but unsegmented metacestode at the center of the lesion. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was inconclusive due to formalin-based histologic processing of the tissue. Morphologic analysis based on the histologic sections revealed that the metacestode was a tetra-acetabulate plerocercoid of the order Cyclophyllidea, with a distinct rostellum and pseudosegmentation of the dorsoventrally flattened hindbody. This is the first report of a tetra-acetabulate plerocercoid from a human host and the first report of any cyclophyllidean plerocercoid from the human brain. After 6 weeks, the patient was asymptomatic, neurologic examination was normal, and the brain MRI showed only surgical cavitation. The patient returned to Cambodia.
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PMID:Case report: human brain abscess due to a tetra-acetabulate plerocercoid metacestode (Cyclophyllidea). 1589 Nov 23

A 49-year-old woman who had previously received treatment with cytotoxic drugs for metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) presented with a witnessed tonic-clonic seizure, headache, confusion and blindness, 6 days after the uneventful administration of a general anaesthetic and 2 months after cessation of chemotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed relatively symmetrical, subcortical, white matter abnormalities, predominantly affecting the occipital, posterior temporal and parietal lobes and the cerebellum. T2-dependent abnormalities and elevated regional apparent diffusion coefficient were present in a pattern typical for posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). The clinical and radiological manifestations were resolved completely with supportive therapy. This case of PRES may be a late complication of gemcitabine or cisplatin therapy precipitated by a general anaesthetic, or associated electrolyte or blood pressure disturbance.
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PMID:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a possible late interaction between cytotoxic agents and general anaesthesia. 1599 91

A 19-year-old woman, 8 days postpartum, presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with a chief complaint of headache, decreased vision, and agitation. Past medical history was unremarkable. Physical examination was remarkable only for dry mucous membranes, decreased visual acuity, and trace pedal edema bilaterally. While in the ED, the patient experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head was suspicious for venous infarction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR venography revealed sagittal sinus and left transverse sinus thrombosis. The risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of cerebral venous thrombosis are reviewed.
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PMID:Headache and seizure in a young woman postpartum. 1618 48

Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis with stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a rare mitochondrial disorder that affects adults. MELAS syndrome can mimic cerebrovascular disease, encephalitis or toxic-metabolic encephalopathy. The authors reported two patients who presented with auditory symptoms before the onset of encephalopathy and stroke-like episodes. The first patient was a 28 year-old man, who presented with acute sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) followed by headache, left hemiparesis and generalized tonic-clonic seizure. CT scan of the brain showed hypodensity lesion at the tip of right temporooccipital region. Audiogram and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) showed abnormal conduction of left brainstem auditory pathway. MRI of the brain showed a lesion involving gray and white matters of the right occipital, parietal and temporal lobes. The distribution of the lesions was not compatible with distribution of arterial supply. MRA was normal. The second patient was a 56 year-old woman with a one-year history of hearing loss. The audiogram revealed bilateral SNHL. A few days before admission, her hearing was acutely deteriorated She could not understand a conversation while she could communicate by writing. CT scan of the brain showed hypodensity in both temporal lobes and MRI revealed lesions in the same area. Pure tone audiogram showed moderate SNHL but BAEP was normal. One week later, she developed global dysphasia and generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Both patients had elevated cerebrospinal fluid and serum lactate: pyruvate ratio. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism disclosed A3243G mtDNA mutation in the blood in the first patient and in muscle biopsy in the second patient. Ubiquinone supplement was prescribed The auditory symptoms in combination with stroke-like episode in supratentorium are important clues to diagnose MELAS syndrome.
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PMID:Auditory symptoms: a critical clue for diagnosis of MELAS. 1647 Nov 25

The authors report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with posterior leukoencephalopathy who presented with headache, tonic-clonic seizure, loss of consciousness and bilateral loss of vision, after taking azathioprine for three weeks. The patient had hypertension with normal eye grounds. The brain CT showed a hypodensity lesion at both bilateral occipital lobes, mainly in the white matter The symptoms and follow-up MRI were improved after the control of hypertension and discontinuation of azathioprine.
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PMID:Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy caused by azathioprine in systemic lupus erythematosus. 1688 37

The cerebral localization of the hydatid disease is rare, under 2%, and it primarily affects children. We report 4 cases of children presenting with a cerebral hydatid cyst (2 boys and 2 girls, mean age 9 years). Clinical symptoms were very progressive, the disease was frequently diagnosed several months (1-12 months) after onset of symptoms most often headaches and vomiting. One patient presented with a right tonic-clonic seizure 3 days before hospitalization. The diagnostic was confirmed in all cases by Cerebral CT scan. All the patients were screened for other localizations. One patient also presented with pulmonary and hepatic hydatid cysts. Hydatid blood tests were positive in only one case. The treatment was surgical for all the patients (using hydropulsion) without complications in 2 cases. One child presented with meningitis, and the other child with signs of secondary ICHT related to residual mass which required its puncture.
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PMID:[Cerebral hydatid cysts in children: 4 cases]. 1689 Mar 92

Familial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) occur with a frequency of 1 in 2000 and may cause recurrent headaches, seizures, and hemorrhagic stroke. Exon-scanning-based methods have identified intragenic mutations in three genes, CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3, in about 70% of familial CCM. To date, only two large CCM2 and a single large CCM3 deletion have been published. In addition to direct sequencing of all three CCM genes, we applied a newly developed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification gene dosage assay (MLPA) designed to detect genomic CCM1-3 deletions/duplications. Direct sequencing did not reveal a mutation in the index case who presented with multiple CCMs that had caused a generalized tonic-clonic seizure with Todd's paralysis and headaches at the age of 5. In contrast, MLPA analyses detected a large deletion involving the entire CCM1 coding region in the proband and further affected members of this German CCM family. The MLPA results were corroborated by analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CCM1 gene. Thus, we here present the first report on a CCM1 gene deletion. Our results confirm a loss-of-function mutation mechanism for CCM1 and demonstrate that the use of MLPA enables a higher CCM mutation detection rate which is crucial for predictive testing of at-risk relatives.
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PMID:CCM1 gene deletion identified by MLPA in cerebral cavernous malformation. 1718 87


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