Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 20-year-old black man with known sickle cell anemia was admitted to the hospital with the signs and symptoms of right middle lobe pneumonia. Because of a hemoglobin value of 3.9 g/dL, he received a transfusion of 3 units of packed erythrocytes. Seven days later, hypertension, headache, and one grand mal seizure occurred. Evaluation of his condition gave normal findings. Similar events, some terminating in cerebral hemorrhage and death, have been reported in patients with hemolytic anemia after they received multiple transfusions. To our knowledge, this patient represents the first adult with sickle cell anemia who had this syndrome. Prompt antihypertensive therapy may have been of benefit.
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PMID:Hypertension and a seizure following transfusion in an adult with sickle cell anemia. 670 31

Infections caused by Actinomyces organisms have been demonstrated to occur in association with IUD use. Uterine actinomycosis infection is usually superficial, but it is potentially invasive. It may prove fatal. When Actinomyces is detected in a vaginal Papanicolaou smear, establishment of the correct diagnosis followed by IUD removal and appropriate antibiotic therapy are recommended. A case history is presented of a 28 year old woman who had been using an IUD and who had systemic Actinomyces infection and a brain abscess develop several years after removal of her uterus and fallopian tubes. The woman was referred to the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore in 1977 for evaluation of headaches and grand mal seizures. 4 years earlier, in 1973, she had been seen at another hospital with a recent weight loss of 18 kg. She was found to have a tubo-ovarian abscess, for which she underwent a hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, and unilateral oophorectomy. At the time of surgery, an IUD was in place. A histopathological diagnosis of botryomycosis tubo-ovarian abscess was made on submitted tissues. She received no antibiotic therapy. In 1975, pulmonary infiltrates developed that were attributed to bronchopneumonia. She was treated with a short course of tetracycline hydrochloride. Later that year she was thought to have sarcoidosis and was treated for 1 year with several doses of prednisone. Clinically, her condition remained stable until March 1977, when a pyogenic subcostal abscess was drained. In July 1977, she had headache, dizziness, generalized seizures, and an incomplete right homonymous hemianopsia develop. A craniotomy for excision and drainage of an abscess was performed. The presence of Actinomyces israelii in brain tissue was confirmed by direct immunoflourescence using specific antiserum. It was confirmed that Actinomyces had been present at the time of her 1st surgical procedure. She was treated with high doses of intravenous penicillin G potassium for the first 4 weeks, followed by lower doses of oral penicillin V potassium for an additional 15 months. She recovered completely, except for a persistent right homonymous hemianopsia. The case illustrates that systemic dissemination and potentially life threatening complications of uterine actinomycosis can occur if the infection is unrecognized and/or inadequately treated.
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PMID:Systemic Actinomyces infection. A potential complication of intrauterine contraceptive devices. 712 Jun 9

Arteriovenous (AV) fistulas of cerebral and spinal arteries are characterized angiographically by an immediate AV transition without a capillary bed or "nidus" as occurs in AV malformations (AVM's). The clinical presentation, morphology, radiology, and treatment of 12 patients with cerebral AV fistulas and of 12 patients with spinal AV fistulas are reviewed. In the patients with cerebral lesions, headache and seizure disorders were the most common presentations followed by subarachnoid hemorrhage, cardiac failure, progressive neurological dysfunction, and incidental detection on prenatal ultrasound study. In patients with spinal AV fistulas, weakness and sensory disturbance in the lower extremities were the most frequent clinical presentations followed by back pain, disturbances of micturition, and grand mal seizure. The etiology of the symptom complex produced by AV fistulas in each of these locations differed, with venous hypertension being important in spinal cord lesions. Of the patients with cerebral lesions, nine had a single AV fistula, one had two fistulas, and two had multiple fistulas. An AVM was observed in five patients with fistulas (two large, three small). Nine patients exhibited extramedullary AV fistulas of the spine, of whom eight had a single fistula and one had three fistulas; three patients had intramedullary spinal AV fistulas. An arterial aneurysm was found in association with two fistulas, one cerebral and one spinal. Venous ectasias or varices, frequently exhibiting mural calcification, were observed to be prominent in all AV fistulas involving cerebral arteries and in two involving spinal arteries. The location and size of the venous complexes reflected the diameter of the fistula. In addition to conventional imaging techniques (cerebral angiography, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging), MR angiography was a helpful adjunct in the evaluation of fistulas. Treatment strategies employed for AV fistulas in both locations included open surgical and endovascular procedures, frequently used in combination. A satisfactory outcome was observed in all patients.
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PMID:Arteriovenous fistulas of the brain and the spinal cord. 827 Oct 12

A 32-year-old woman with migraine for several years again had a migraine attack with headache, nausea, vomiting and eye-muscle disorder, 14 days after an uncomplicated delivery. Within 24 hours a left-dominant hemiparesis developed, followed 12 hours later by tonic-clonic seizure and deep unconsciousness (Glasgow score: 3); the patient could not be aroused. Cranial computed tomography revealed extensive infarction of the brainstem and cerebellum. Angiography demonstrated occlusion of the basilar artery but not other abnormalities of other vessels. There was no evidence for vascular anomalies and the clotting tests were normal. Transoesophageal echocardiography demonstrated an atrial septal aneurysm. But any interatrial shunt (e.g. through a patent foramen ovale) was excluded by colour Doppler sonography, making it highly unlikely that a paradoxical embolus was the cause of the infarction. The brainstem infarction resulting from the basilar artery occlusion did not respond to treatment and the patient died 10 days after the initial seizure.
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PMID:[Atrial septum aneurysm as the cause of a thromboembolic infarction of the brain stem and cerebellum?]. 835 49

Three patients who presented with grand mal seizures and an associated behavioral disorder were recognized as suffering from a severe butalbital withdrawal syndrome. All were migraineurs who had become dependent on barbiturates. We propose that the occurrence of seizures, psychotic behavior, or a recent personality change should be considered clues to possible barbiturate abuse in patients with migraine.
Headache 1996 Feb
PMID:Severe barbiturate withdrawal syndrome in migrainous patients. 874 87

With the wider availability of magnetic resonance imaging cavernous malformations are being recognised with increasing frequency in those patients presenting with intractable epilepsy. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. However, because these lesions are usually small and may be located in eloquent areas stereotactic resection should be considered. Stereotactically-guided resection of pathologically verified cavernous angiograms was performed in 10 patients in this series presenting with epilepsy (8 males, 2 females, mean age 32 years). Eight patients presented with medically intractable epilepsy (5 complex partial seizures, 3 grand mal seizures). Of the remaining patients one experienced multiple episodes of haemorrhage and the other headaches (with a non-diagnostic scan) both in association with epilepsy. Pre-operative localisation of the motor strip was determined in one case by functional MRI. Following resection of these lesions all patients experienced improved seizure control with a mean follow-up period of 22 months. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.1 days with no surgical complications recorded. We conclude that stereotactically-guided resection offers significant advantages in the management of cavernous malformations. Surgical indications for operative resection would include medically refractory epilepsy, repeated haemorrhage and those cases where there is diagnostic uncertainty.
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PMID:Stereotactically-guided craniotomy for cavernous angiomas presenting wit epilepsy. 874 65

Desmopressin is used for the treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Side effects reported with intranasal desmopressin are transient headache, nausea, abdominal cramps and water intoxication with hyponatremia and grand mal seizure. We report a case of water intoxication with low serum sodium and grand mal seizure in a healthy child treated for enuresis with desmopressin. The child experienced abdominal cramps and nausea prior to the convulsions. A computerised tomography scan of the brain gave the suspicion of increased intracranial pressure ICP. The child recovered fully. We therefore recommend that parents and child are fully informed about the administration and the risk of desmopressin. If a child on desmopressin treatment experiences abdominal cramps, nausea or headache the drug should be discontinued and a physician contacted for control of serum sodium. Temporary withdrawal of desmopressin should also be considered in cases of acute illness influencing water balance.
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PMID:[Acute water intoxication caused by intranasal desmopression--Minirin]. 919 Jul 22

A 45-year-old female migraineur with a long-standing history of drug-induced headache is described. She had been abusing caffeine (250 mg/day) and aspirin (5 gr/day). On the third day after discontinuation a withdrawal syndrome characterized by headache and a generalized tonic-clonic seizure occurred. The temporal association makes it likely that the convulsion episode in an integral component of the withdrawal syndrome in this patient. This extra feature of the withdrawal syndrome has never been described after caffeine and/or aspirin interruption. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
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PMID:Epileptic seizure during aspirin and caffeine withdrawal in a drug induced headache. 907 14

Patients with neurological diseases amount to about one fifth of hospital admissions. Out of the numerous emergency situations three leading presentations are discussed. In an isolated epileptic grand mal seizure immediate treatment is not needed, whereas the different forms of status epilepticus ask for emergency measures. Acute headache may be a sign of subarachnoid hemorrhage or an other dangerous intracranial affection. Several harmless forms of acute headache are discussed. Central paLsies with acute presentation are most often of cerebrovascular origin. Peripheral palsies including Bell's palsy are discussed.
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PMID:[Emergencies in neurological patients]. 914 88

A 37 year-old man had headaches for 10 days, then a single tonic-clonic seizure and coma due to an extensive cerebral venous thrombosis. In spite of full-dose heparin treatment for 7 days, the clinical picture worsened along with increasing edema on CT-Scan. Direct thrombolytic treatment was then performed using transvenous catheterization and instillation of Urokinase (2.6 MU over 4 days). A near complete repermeabilization of the sinuses was obtained and the patient improved dramatically in a few days. The only adverse effect of Urokinase was hematuria. Based on our experience and review of the literature which includes 26 previous cases, direct thrombolytic therapy appears to be a relatively safe procedure. This treatment should be considered in a patient with extensive dural sinus thrombosis which fails to respond to heparin treatment.
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PMID:[Extensive cerebral venous thrombosis resistant to heparin: local fibrinolysis with urokinase]. 929 47


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