Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Impotence, a common problem especially among older men, can now be treated with Viagra, This oral pill, unlike previous approved treatments mostly involving local injections, does not directly cause penile erection, but increases response to sexual stimulation. It acts by enhancing the relaxant effects of nitric acid on smooth muscle, and thus increases blood flow to certain areas of the penis, leading to erection. It has been evaluated in many randomized trials and in all was more successful in inducing erection than placebos. The most common side-effects include headache, flushing and indigestion, but there have also been reports of fatalities. We describe a 75-year-old man who had an acute myocardial infraction in the past and who had maturity-onset diabetes and hypertension. In the week prior to admission he had a cardiac scan following a few weeks of exacerbation of anginal pain for which he had been taking nitrites. He took a Viagra pill without prescription or medical advice and 2 hours later, during intercourse with his wife, developed audible respiratory distress and lost consciousness. His wife started cardiac massage but not mouth-to-mouth breathing. The emergency team found ventricular fibrillation and gave 5 electrical shocks and amines and atropine. He remained unconscious, but his pulse returned and he was hospitalized. He then had several generalized convulsions treated with i.v. valium. 20 minutes after admission there was asystole and all attempts at resuscitation failed. Cardiovascular status must be considered prior to prescribing Viagra, and the associated risk evaluated.
 ...
PMID:[Viagra--the first oral treatment for impotence that is not lacking in fatal effects]. 1090 27

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is quite prevalent in long-term hemodialysis (HD) patients. Patients who are candidates for renal transplantation might be treated, before grafting, with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Among 39 HCV-positive long-term HD patients treated with IFN-alpha, we observed three cases of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PLES). PLES included headaches in three patients, confusion in three patients, cortical blindness in two patients, visual hallucinations in one patient, seizures in three patients, and respiratory distress in one patient in a context of fluid overload and severe hypertension in all cases. The three patients were receiving IFN-alpha and recombinant erythropoietin therapies simultaneously for de novo anemia. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging showed low-density areas in the occipital lobes (in three patients), frontal lobes (in one patient), and temporal lobes (in one patient). After withdrawal of IFN-alpha and recombinant erythropoietin therapies, hemodiafiltration, and symptomatic treatment of seizures and hypertension, PLES was reversible within 1 week in one patient, 10 days in one patient, and 2 months in the third patient. Our case reports show the occurrence of reversible PLES in HCV-positive long-term HD patients treated with IFN-alpha. Physicians caring for HCV-positive long-term HD patients treated with IFN-alpha need to be particularly cautious when these patients receive simultaneously recombinant erythropoietin and when IFN-alpha therapy induces a weight loss, which indicates a reduction in dry weight.
 ...
PMID:Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in hepatitis C virus-positive long-term hemodialysis patients. 1127 99

In the past decade, cases of babesiosis in humans have been reported with increasing frequency, especially in the northeastern United States. Babesia microti (in the United States) and bovine strains (in Europe) cause most infections in humans. Most cases are tick-borne, although cases of transfusion-associated and transplacental/perinatal transmission have also been reported. Factors associated with more severe disease include advanced age, previous splenectomy and immunodeficient states. Symptoms include high fever, chills, diaphoresis, weakness, anorexia and headache. Later in the course of the illness, the patient may develop jaundice. Congestive heart failure, renal failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the most common complications. Therapy using the combination of quinine sulfate and clindamycin was the most commonly used treatment; however, atovaquone suspension plus azithromycin was recently reported an equally effective and less toxic therapy. Exchange transfusion, together with antibabesial chemotherapy, may be necessary in critically ill patients.
 ...
PMID:When to suspect and how to monitor babesiosis. 1138 11

A 39-year-old woman presented with a rare dissecting aneurysm of the proximal anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). She presented with sudden onset of headache and vomiting, and subsequently became comatose with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Computed tomography showed subarachnoid hemorrhage and ventricular dilation. Left vertebral angiography identified a fusiform aneurysm at the proximal portion of the left AICA. The patient underwent endovascular treatment using Guglielmi detachable coils. The aneurysm was completely embolized. Computed tomography detected no infarcted areas in the regions supplied by the AICA. She was discharged without neurological deficits.
 ...
PMID:Ruptured dissecting anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm--case report. 1206 55

Malaria continues to be a problem for children returning or immigrating to industrialized countries from tropical regions. Proper diagnosis begins with clinical suspicion. In nonimmune children, malaria typically presents with high fever that might be accompanied by chills and headache. Symptoms and signs may be more subtle in partially immune children, and anemia and hepatosplenomegaly may also be present. Children may present with respiratory distress and/or rapidly progressing cerebral malaria that manifests as altered sensorium and, sometimes, seizures. Thick blood smears help to determine when infection is present, but a single smear without parasites is not sufficient to rule out malaria. Thin blood smears aid in identifying the species of parasite. Treatment must include careful supportive care, and intensive care measures should be available for treating children with complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Medical regimens can include mefloquine, atovaquone-proguanil, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, quinine or quinidine, clindamycin, doxycycline, chloroquine, and primaquine.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of malaria in children. 1458 68

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged infectious disease with a significant morbidity and mortality. The major clinical features include persistent fever, chills/rigor, myalgia, malaise, dry cough, headache and dyspnoea. Respiratory failure is the major complication of SARS and approximately 20% of patients may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical ventilatory support. However, the severity is much milder in infected young children. Treatment of SARS was empirical in 2003 due to our limited understanding of this new disease. Protease inhibitors (lopinavir/ritonavir) in combination with ribavirin may play a role as antiviral therapy in the early phase, whereas the role of IFN and systemic steroid in preventing immune-mediated lung injury deserves further investigation. Knowledge of the genomic sequence of the SARS coronavirus has facilitated the development of rapid diagnostic tests. In addition, other antiviral treatment, RNA interference, monoclonal antibody, synthetic peptides, and vaccines are being developed. This paper provides a review of the epidemiology, clinical features and possible treatment strategies of SARS.
 ...
PMID:Advancements in the battle against severe acute respiratory syndrome. 1526 83

Leptospirosis is endemic in the Andaman Islands, often occurring as outbreaks during the post-monsoon period. Pulmonary involvement is common and associated with high morbidity and mortality. During the investigation of an outbreak in North Andaman in 1996 an isolate was recovered from the blood of a patient with fever, headache, body aches and haemoptysis with respiratory distress as presenting symptoms. The isolate was characterized using the cross-agglutination absorption test (CAAT) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The isolate showed typical morphology and characteristic motility of the genus Leptospira. Growth was inhibited at 13 degrees C and in the presence of 8-azaguanine. The isolate could not be identified with grouping sera representing 25 serogroups, CAAT and mAbs. A new serovar of a new serogroup is proposed. Genetic characterization using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing of the PCR product and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting (RAPD) showed that the isolate was genetically similar to L. interrogans sensu stricto.
 ...
PMID:A unique strain of Leptospira isolated from a patient with pulmonary haemorrhages in the Andaman Islands: a proposal of serovar portblairi of serogroup Sehgali. 1531 Jan 68

Scrub typhus is a rickettsial disease that is uncommon during pregnancy. We report a case of a 33-year-old woman, G1P0, 29 weeks pregnancy who presented to hospital with high fever, chill and headache for two weeks. Her diagnosis of scrub typhus was confirmed by serum immunofluorescent assay. She was successfully treated with chloramphenicol, but preterm delivery occurred. Her infant died from respiratory distress syndrome. No vertical transmission was demonstrated in this case. Scrub typhus should be listed in the differential diagnosis of acute febrile illness in pregnant women, who either live in, or return from, endemic areas. Chloramphenicol can be used safely during pregnancy if it is not circulating at the time of delivery.
 ...
PMID:Scrub typhus during pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature. 1569 Nov 36

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a hematopoietic growth factor, is widely used to accelerate recovery from neutropenia after severe chemotherapy, both decreasing the risk of infection and mobilizing peripheral blood stem cells. Adverse effects occur with G-CSF use in approximately 30% of cases, comprised predominantly of bone pain, headache, and general fatigue. Pulmonary toxicity is very rare. Here, we describe a healthy donor for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation who developed acute lung injury (ALI) after 4 days of G-CSF administration. Among the serum cytokines examined, only Interleukin (IL)-1beta level was elevated in this case. As a high level of IL-1beta was detected at the onset of ALI, on day 4 after G-CSF administration, and decreased to below the level of detection on day 11, it is possible in a certain part that IL-1beta was involved in the onset of G-CSF-related ALI in the present case. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is commonly administered to healthy donors to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Adverse events from G-CSF use in healthy donors have been described in approximately 30% of cases, and are comprised predominantly of bone pain, headache, and general fatigue. Pulmonary complications caused by G-CSF include cough, dyspnea, and interstitial or alveolar pulmonary edema with mild-to-severe deterioration of blood oxygen level. Few cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following G-CSF administration have been reported. The present report describes a healthy donor for allo-HSCT with acute lung injury (ALI) after 4 days of G-CSF administration. The cytokine-related mechanisms of G-CSF administration that contribute to ALI are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Acute lung Injury in a healthy donor during mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells using granulocyte-colony stimulating factor alone. 1575 51

Significant mortality, high incidences of complications and permanent neurological sequel are still noted in patients suffering fro herpetic encephalitis. They result mainly from delayed diagnosis and treatment of the specific cause. The aim of our paper was the analysis o a clinical course of patients with Herpes simplex encephalitis. From 1999 to 2001 7 patients aged 2 weeks to 15 years, treated in Children' Neurology Department of Silesian School of Medicine, were diagnosed to have herpetic encephalitis. Fever, headache, vomiting, as well as alteration of consciousness, all typical for neuroinfection were main clinical symptoms present on admission. Three children presented with respiratory distress requiring admission to Intensive Care Unit. On examination "cold sores" were found in 2 patients, in remaining 5 the history of exposition to herpes labialis was obtained. On neurological examination we found either right or left hemiparesis in all patients, motor aphasia in 2 and left sided central facial nerve palsy in 1. Lumbar puncture revealed lymphocytosis in 5 patients. Anti-HSV type IgG an IgM antibodies were found in serum of all 6 patients, while only in 2 of them were detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These were the 2 most severely ill children. In 2 patients DNA HSV using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method was found in CSF and in serum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head confirmed diagnosis. Although herpetic encephalitis is an uncommon, sporadic disease, the diagnosis should be considered in any child with neuroinfection and early treatment started before laboratory confirmation.
 ...
PMID:[Herpes encephalitis at children]. 1576 59


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>