Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Azithromycin was given to 55 cases of lower respiratory tract infections in the doses of 500 mg on day 1, followed by 250 mg on days 2-5. It produced bacteriological cure in 70.8% patients and clinical cure or improvement in 69.09% of patients. 4.27% of patients had throat colonisation with new organisms, of which 9.09% needed a second antibiotic. The drug was well tolerated and minor side effects were noted. Gastrointestinal disturbances (16.36%) headache and giddiness (14.55%), rash (3.64%) were the noted side effects. Reduction of platelet count by 50% occurred in 12.29% of the cases compared to 0.2% reported earlier. But this thrombocytopenia was clinically not significant, as it did not cause any symptoms.
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PMID:Evaluation of safety and efficacy of azithromycin in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) 905 64

The objective was to determine why some people who are involved in minor motor vehicle accidents, without loss of consciousness, have persisting headaches and neckache, and to suggest management of these symptoms. Between 1954 and 1994, over 4400 cases were referred for medico-legal opinions. A group has been selected for discussion. During the period 1954-1966, 414 cases following closed head injuries were seen with varying periods of post traumatic amnesia (PTA) from nil to greater than 72 h. The average time between the accident and the examination was 21 months. The shortest period was 3 months and the longest 7 years. The age at the time of the accident varied from 2.5 to 72 years. The largest group fell between the ages of 20 and 40 years. The main complaints were headache, giddiness, loss of concentration and poor memory. 380 were reviewed by questionnaire after settlement of the case. 112 cases of extension/flexion injuries of the neck were seen between 1985 and 1989 and their symptoms and resolution were compared with 50 cases seen over the same period following significant head or neck injury. The results showed that the more severe the head or neck injury, the less likely were the cases to suffer symptoms of post-traumatic headaches or persisting neck symptoms. In conclusion, while 70% of minor head and neck injuries settle within a few weeks of a motor vehicle accident, about 30% continue to complain of headaches and/or neck pain. The prolonged management, extensive physiotherapy and slow court settlement lead to excessive introspection and prolongation of symptoms.
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PMID:Neurological sequelae of minor head and neck injuries. 970 21

Sixteen patients up to 18 years of age with widespread alopecia areata (AA) were recruited for the study. They included 10 patients with extensive AA (> or = 40% loss of scalp hair and or more than 10 patches scattered over the scalp and body) and 3 each with alopecia totalis and circumscribed alopecia areata. Patients were divided into two groups. In group A, aged 12 to 18 years, patients received 300 mg of prednisolone in a monthly oral pulse; in group B, aged 3 to 11 years, patients received betamethasone sodium phosphate as soluble tablets or syrup equivalent to prednisolone 5 mg/kg body weight every month. The pulsed doses of corticosteroid were continued for a minimum of three doses or until cosmetically acceptable hair growth was obtained. All patients but one 5-year-old girl received a minimum of three doses. Excellent hair growth was obtained in 9 (60%) of 15 patients evaluated at 6 months. Four patients out of 13 (>12 month follow-up), including two each in group A and B, developed a localized relapse during mean follow-up of 16.4 and 33.7 months in group A and B, respectively. Side effects of pulsed corticosteroid were minimal and were recorded in two patients (transient giddiness and headache, epigastric burning in one each). We recommend pulsed doses of prednisolone as one of the modalities in the treatment of widespread AA in young patients, including children.
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PMID:Treatment of widespread alopecia areata in young patients with monthly oral corticosteroid pulse. 972 Jul 2

We examined the hypothesis that right handers and left handers may differ in sensory perceptions and respiratory responses to J receptor stimulation with intravenous injections of lobeline HCl in incremental doses. The comparison was made between 6 right handers and 9 left handers (all males) for (i) the dose of lobeline required to produce sensory threshold (viz., first appearance of respiratory sensations) and cough threshold (first appearance of cough); and (ii) latency and duration of sensations for sensory and cough threshold. All these comparisons were not found to be significant statistically. The sensation of breathlessness, and feelings of drowsiness, giddiness and headache were perceived in 3 of the 9 left handers, and in none of the right handers, but the difference was not significant. Reflex bradycardia was recorded only in left handers (5 of 9). The time (sec) for cough threshold was negatively correlated to threshold dose of lobeline (r = -0.5, and P < 0.05). The left handers perceived cough at the threshold as more distressing as compared with right handers (VAS P < 0.05). In conclusion, handedness did not influence J receptor responses to i.v. lobeline.
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PMID:Comparison of respiratory sensations induced by J receptor stimulation with lobeline in left handers & right handers. 991 13

The sequential method of contraception with megestrol acetate with ethinyl estradiol was offered to 61 women for 549 cycles in this study. No pregnancies occurred. Flow was less in 7 women and greater in 3; duration of flow was longer in 5 women and shorter in 3. There were 2 instances of breakthrough bleeding. Persistant postnatal amenorrhea occurred in 1 woman and menorrhagia in another. Random endometrial biopsies showed proliferative activity in the majority of cases. Side effects observed were: nausea, vomiting, giddiness, leucorrhea, headache, weakness and abdominal pain. Most of these symptoms occurred in the first 2 cycles. 29 women dropped out after the first year, and 8 of these women conceived. Ethinyl estradiol was used in .1mg dose, megestrol acetate in 1 mg.
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PMID:Evaluation of sequential method of contraception with megestrol acetate and ethinyl oestradiol. 1215 52

185 women received chlormadinone acetate (a 19-hydroxyprogesterone derivative) .5 mg daily, for 18 months. All (aged 20-40 years) were parous. 180 women were followed through 2280 cycles. Dropout rate was highest in the first cycle (44%), 4% from the sixth to the twelfth cycles, and about 1% after the thirteenth cycle. Side effects were 2%: breakthrough bleeding, amenorrhea, menorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain pregnancy, nausea, weakness forgetfulness, giddiness and headache, burning sensation, red spots on skin, and thrombophlebitis. Breakthrough bleeding (14 cases), amenorrhea (12 cases) and weakness (8 cases) were the most frequently reported problems. Phlebitis was seen in 1 case. 40 of the 48 cases of side effects were seen before the sixth cycle. There were 3 pregnancies during the study: 1 woman was pregnant at the beginning of therapy and 2 were due to patient failure. A review of the literature followed, including a discussion on the mode of action of chlormadinone.
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PMID:Chlormadinone acetate as an oral contraceptive. 1225 95

A clinical study of a daily dosage of .5 chlormadinone acetate, a progestagen, was carried out on 101 randomly chosen women for a total of 954 cycles in Galaa Hospital and in the University Hospital Mansoura Faculty of Medicine. There were no reportedly pregnancies. One patient discontinued use after 16 days because of continuous bleeding. There were 20 dropouts between cycles 1-8 with reasons not investigated. Minor side effects included headache, giddiness, nausea, distension and breast discomfort. Of 34 lactating women in the study, 32 reported no effect on lactation and 2 reported diminished lactation. Amenorrhea was reported in 10% of the cycles. Cervicle mucus studies showed the mucus to be hostile to sperm.
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PMID:Low dosage gestagens in fertility control. 1225 12

The Indian Contraceptive Testing Unit started making field trials with oral contraceptives in 1964. By June 1968, 958 women were taking oral contraceptives. Combination tablets used contained a minimum amount of progestogen (.5-3 mg) and a suitable amount of estrogen. The 21-tablet pack was found mot suitable. It was found that if a woman missed taking the tablets in the latter half of the cycle usually no harm resulted, but if she missed them at the beginning of the cycle pregnancy might follow as ovulation would not be inhibited. Main contraindications are liver damage, toxic hyperthyroidism, thromboembolic disease, and cancer of the genital tract or breast. Caution is advised for persons with chronic nephritis, a history of eclampsia, hypertension, varicose veins, ophthalmological disorders, or psychic depressive states. Side effects have been less with the smaller doses. The most serious side effect is thromboembolism. Those reported have been leg pain, giddiness, headache, breakthrough bleeding, nausea, vomiting, amenorrhea, abdominal pain, weakness, increased blood pressure, and skin rashes. Others have reported ocular disease and cranial nerve palsy. Sequential therapy has been reported to have a lower incidence of side effects but a higher rate of pregnancy. Low-dose progestogen therapy, the "minipill," does not inhibit ovulation but is effective by causing changes in the endometrium and in the mucus. The chlormadinone in the minipill does not affect lactation. However, the incidence of pregnancy is similar to that with an IUD (Lippes loop) which is 2.6/100 cases. Laboratory tests have been normal, except an increase in the thymol turbidity test. Vaginal cytology has revealed no case of malignancy. Results show that oral contraceptives are suitable for use on a mass scale as a method of population control.
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PMID:Experience with oral contraceptives. 1225 72

The present study was conducted among 719 patients enrolled by 109 doctors to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of losartan potassium and amlodipine besylate in Indian patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Out of them 11 patients were dropped out. Of these 708 patients 643 patients received once daily dosage of the combination whereas 10 patients received 1/2 daily, 13 patients received 1 1/2 daily and 42 patients received 1 twice daily dosage of the combination. The mean SBP in the study was 172.89 +/- 19.18 mm Hg baseline. After the 10-day treatment, the mean SBP had significant reduction ie, 13.1% from basal and at the end of day 20 of the treatment, the reduction was 19.13% from the baseline which was significant. Similarly mean DBP was 105.42 +/- 10.85 mm Hg at baseline. After treatment, the mean DBP had significant reduction. After 10- day treatment, there was 12.7% reduction from the baseline and at the end of the treatment ie, after day 20, the reduction was 17.70% from basal, which was significant. Global evaluation of efficacy was done by the physicians; 93.8% of the cases had excellent to good response and 4.9% patients had fair response. Details of any adverse event reported or noted during the treatment with the combination were recorded in the appropriate section of the case record form, whether considered treatment related or not, as reported by the patients. The severity of an adverse event was graded on a 3-point scale as mild, moderate and severe. The most common side-effects reported were oedema of feet (5.08%), ankle oedema (1.98%). Remaining adverse events included some cardiovascular events such as palpitations, gastro-intestinal events such as constipation, miscellaneous events, muscular pain, weakness, generalised swelling, etc. CNS events included giddiness, headache, insomnia, etc.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of losartan-amplodipine combination--an Indian postmarketing surveillance experience. 1240 91

Extreme thrombocytosis is a frequent feature in myeloproliferative disorders which can predispose a person to thrombotic complications. As opposed to other myeloproliferative disorders, symptomatic thrombocytosis is rare in chronic myeloid leukemia. We describe a second case report of chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph chromosome positive) in a patient in chronic phase on hydroxyurea who presented with sudden onset digital cyanosis of the left hand, giddiness, headache and malaise due to extreme thrombocytosis. A 67% global reduction in the platelet count from 1553 x 10(9)/L to 513 x 10(9)/L after two therapeutic plateletpheresis procedures was seen. There was simultaneous improvement in all symptoms except cyanosis on the tip of the middle finger that progressed to dry gangrene. Dramatic reduction in the platelet count and ablation of symptoms by therapeutic plateletpheresis is an effective therapy and should begin as soon as possible.
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PMID:Therapeutic plateletpheresis in a case of symptomatic thrombocytosis in chronic myeloid leukemia. 1566 50


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