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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Methyl chloride is encountered in the chemical industry as a methylating agent in the production of butyl rubber, tetramethyl lead, and other products as well as a blowing agent for some polystyrene foams. It is a potent CNS depressant whose principal route of absorption is by inhalation, although it can be absorbed through the skin. Symptoms of the neurotoxicity include headache, drowsiness, giddiness, ataxia, convulsion, and coma. This review focuses on the human case reports of acute and chronic exposures as well as some of the more important inhalation studies conducted with animals. The chemical and physical properties and the more important industrial uses are also discussed.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity of methyl chloride. 703 27

A prospective study of the emotional reaction to interval sterilization was conducted by means of interviews 1 week prior to sterilization and 7 months postoperative with 155 Buddhist Thai women aged 35 years or under, living in Bangkok, and undergoing interval laparoscopic sterilizations for socioeconomic indications. The mean age of subjects was 27.8 years, with a range of 19-35, mean duration of marriage was 8.0 years, and mean number of children was 2.8. 56.1% of the women were housewives, 77.0% had a low educational level, and 100% were of lower socioeconomic status. 65 subjects reported psychophysiologic and emotional symptoms prior to operation, 51 continued to complain of the symptoms 6 months later, and 10 women developed new symptoms postoperatively. In the preoperative interviews, 26 women complained of irritability, 25 of headache and backache, 10 of weakness and lethargy, 11 of giddiness or fainting, 5 each of palpitation and breathing difficulty, 8 of insomnia, 4 each of anorexia and gastrointestinal upset, and 3 of other conditions. Of the 10 women developing symptoms postoperatively, 6 complained of irritability, 5 of headache, 3 of insomnia, and 1 each of weakness and lethargy, giddiness or fainting, and anorexia. Irritability and headache, which accounted for most of the symptoms, were mostly mild and few required medication. Further psychiatric investigation into personal backgrounds of subjects with psychophysiologic or emotional symptoms revealed that practically all had concurrent problems with their marriages, children, finances, or relatives, with marital problems the most frequent. 35% of subjects reported postoperative menstrual disturbances, but 72% of the sample had been on oral contraceptives or IUDs, which can influence menstrual patterns. 8 and 10 women respectively reported increased sexual drive and sexual satisfaction, 6 and 3 reported decreased drive and satisfaction, and 141 and 142 reported no change in desire or satisfaction. 5 reported postoperative dyspareunia. 145 husbands and 152 wives stated they were satisfied with the operation.
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PMID:Emotional reaction to female sterilization: a prospective study. 710 4

Presents the data of x-ray examinations of the brain in cleaner-ups of the consequences of the Chernobyl power plant accident who complained of headaches, ache in the bones, poor memory, giddiness, weakness, a drastic drop of performance ability, fits with loss of consciousness. Hypometabolic foci localized both in the white and gray matter of the brain were revealed. X-Ray computer-aided tomography and magnetic imaging showed dilatation of the ventricular system of the brain, dilatation of the subarachnoidal spaces, symmetrical reduction of the density of medullary tissue round the bodies and anterior and posterior horns of lateral ventricles, round the third ventricle, near semi-oval centers, as well as solitary or multiple focal reduction of medullary tissue density. Findings of x-ray methods of diagnosis permit a conclusion on a complex organic involvement of the brain in subjects who participated in liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl power plant accident. The most typical are signs of the hypertensive hydrocephalic syndrome with cerebrospinal fluid disturbances and of the vascular encephalic syndrome with development of focal postischemic malacia of the brain matter.
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PMID:[Changes in the brain of persons who participated in the cleaning-up of the Chernobyl AES accident based on the data of radiodiagnosis (single-photon emission-computed radionuclide tomography, x-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance tomography)]. 765 45

During the past 2 decades, great advances have been made in the treatment of ulcer disease. This has involved the development of new drugs that are not only well tolerated, but are relatively inexpensive. The lack of significant adverse effects has revealed a degree of tolerability that, to write a review of the adverse effects, poses a difficult task. Most of the adverse effects are related to an excessive reaction to the relevant pharmacological characteristic that mediates the therapeutic response. The drug dosage can be reduced, freeing the patient of the adverse reaction, but leaving behind a background activity adequate to produce a therapeutically beneficial effect. The adverse effects of H2-antagonists fall into 2 groups. Firstly, there are poorly defined symptoms that have a prevalence similar to that in the community; these include headache, giddiness, dizziness, fatigue, constipation and diarrhoea. Secondly, they may delay the metabolism of drugs metabolised by the the cytochrome P450 system, and rarely be androgenic. Many antacids and the site-protective agent sucralfate contain aluminium, which can be absorbed, producing elevation of serum aluminium levels. In view of the possible association of aluminium with Alzheimer's disease, anxiety has arisen as to whether aluminium from these sources may, in those on prolonged treatment, cause Alzheimer's disease. However, the evidence so far indicates that aluminium is not a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. The association of gastric cancer with achlorhydria has led to the fear that long term use of potent acid inhibitors may cause cancer. This fear has been accentuated by the observation that some rats, given omeprazole over their lifetime, developed carcinoid tumours of the stomach. However, enthusiastic research, both clinical and epidemiological, indicates that drug-induced achlorhydria is unlikely to be a problem in humans. Site protective agents have a role in certain conditions such as pregnancy where the systemic effect of a drug may produce adverse effects.
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PMID:A comparative overview of the adverse effects of antiulcer drugs. 776 37

Between 1983 and 1990 a total of 74 freestyle mountaineers and 88 mountaineers with skis attempted to climb Mount Agri (Ararat). From the freestyle group two mountaineers were affected by acclimatisation disorder at 3200 m and seven at 4200 m above sea level. Acute mountain sickness (AMS) affected four mountaineers at 4200 m, eight at 4700 m, two at 5000 m and two at 5165 m, while 49 reached the summit. Only one of the mountaineers with skis was affected by AMS (at 4200 m), while all the others reached the summit. The symptoms of acclimatisation disorder and AMS, according to their degree of frequency, were headache, weakness, dyspnoea and palpitation, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, giddiness, ataxia and insomnia. Pulse rates varied between 115 and 124/min, and breathing between 30 and 38/min.
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PMID:Cases of acute mountain sickness on Mount Agri. 803 91

Seventy-two patients (69 women and 3 men) with benign intracranial hypertension were examined. Besides general clinical signs, such as headache in 71, giddiness in 29, vomiting in 19, poor health in general in 18, painful movements of the eyeballs in 11, unsteady walking in 10, ringing in the ears in 9, noise in the head in 3, all the patients developed changes in the organ of vision. Congestive optic disks were detected in all the cases. Obnubilations were detected in 34 (47.2%) patients, diplopia in 5 (6.9%). Vision acuity was reduced in 33 (45.8%) patients, visual field was limited in 23 (31.9%). Forty-three patients completely recovered, negligible residual symptoms of benign intracranial hypertension persisted in 16, and all symptoms of the condition were virtually unchanged in 13 patients. Vision acuity remained reduced in 10 (13.9%) patients, and one female patient developed amaurosis of both eyes.
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PMID:[Visual functional disorders in benign intracranial hypertension]. 807 84

A total of 4676 patients and 1759 patients were treated with lisinopril and nifedipine respectively in a post-marketing surveillance study conducted in general practice in the UK. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Most of the lisinopril patients had hypertension, but a small number (180) had heart failure. Most of the nifedipine patients had uncomplicated hypertension, but some (22.57%) had other cardiovascular disease with or without hypertension. Lisinopril and nifedipine were equally effective in reducing blood pressure. During the study, 1.5% of hypertensive patients assigned to lisinopril died compared with 1.8% of patients assigned to nifedipine, and 15.1% of lisinopril patients compared with 19.7% of patients in the nifedipine group withdrew because of adverse events. Cough, malaise and fatigue, nausea and vomiting were more frequent causes of withdrawal from lisinopril than nifedipine. Conversely, headaches, pallor and flushing, oedema and palpitations caused more frequent withdrawals from nifedipine. Anaemia was more often encountered on nifedipine treatment than on lisinopril. In hypertensive patients, the frequency of first-dose hypotension was similar on both treatments. Serious events occurred in 0.8% and 0.5% of patients given lisinopril and nifedipine respectively. Lisinopril was well tolerated by heart failure patients: 16 patients (8.88%) died and an incidence of 4.44% of serious adverse events was reported, a pattern to be anticipated in such patients; dizziness, giddiness, dyspnoea, cough, nausea and vomiting were the most frequent causes of withdrawal; the incidence of first-dose hypotension was low (2.22%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Post-marketing surveillance of lisinopril in general practice in the UK. 811 50

The paper discusses the results of using plasmapheresis in the multimodality treatment of 51 patients with Stage II hypertensive disease. It has been found that the application of plasmapheresis results in the patient's clinical improvement as attenuation of headache and giddiness, cessation of cardialgia and better general condition. After plasmapheresis treatment, a dosage of antihypertensive agents could be reduced in most patients. The findings suggest that plasmapheresis opens up new fields of use in the treatment of hypertensives, exerting a substantial effect on immunological and hemorheological parameters and making the baseline changed hemodynamic parameters normal.
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PMID:[Ought plasmapheresis be used in the treatment of hypertension patients?]. 814 14

Cerebral venous angioma (CVA) is an embryonic venous malformation. Its incidence was thought to be radiologically rare previously but with greater clinical awareness, the routine use of contrast enhanced computerised tomography (CECT) and the increasing availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is no longer perceived to be a rare lesion. In fact, it is the commonest intracranial vascular malformation seen at autopsy. We report our experience of 15 patients with cerebral venous angiomas, 14 of whom had their lesions confirmed by cerebral angiography. Presentation was variable and non-specific. The commonest presenting symptom was headache (n = 7). Other clinical presentations included epilepsy (n = 5), intracerebral bleed (n = 4, two were thought to be due to an associated cerebral cavernous angioma and one was due to a ruptured arteriovenous malformation) and non-specific giddiness (n = 3). Six were diagnosed incidentally. Based on the angiographic findings and the relatively benign clinical course in the majority of our patients, we believe that CVA is a developmental anomaly and should not be excised routinely.
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PMID:Cerebral venous angioma--a misnomer? 826 55

To study acute organophosphorus (OP) poisoning cases, 190 OP-intoxicated cases admitted to Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, were investigated in depth. The group consisted of subjects ranging from 11 to 60 years of age, with the maximum number of cases in the age group 21-30 years and a male-to-female ratio of 2.1:1. Most of the subjects (71.61%) were partially educated, 24.2% of the cases were illiterate, and only 4.2% of the cases were highly educated. Socioeconomically, 21.1% of the subjects were of low economic status, 52.6% were low middle class, 16.8% were upper middle class, and only 9.5% were upper class. With regard to marital status of the subjects, 98 cases were married and 92 were unmarried. About 67.4% of the cases had the intention of committing suicide, 16.8% of the cases were the result of occupational exposure, and 15.8% of the cases were from accidental poisoning. Social and domestic problems (37.5%), marital friction (15.6%), financial stress (15.6%), love affairs (14.1%), job problems (10.9%), chronic illness (4.7%), and failure in examination (1.6%) were observed as the precipitating factors. Muscarinic manifestations such as vomiting (96.8%), nausea (82.1%), miosis (64.2%), excessive salivation (61.1%), and blurred vision (54.7%) and CNS manifestations such as giddiness (93.7%), headache (84.2%), disturbances of consciousness (44.2%), and typical pungent odor from mouth and clothes (77.9%) were the main presenting symptoms. Cardiac manifestations such as sinus tachycardia (25.3%), sinus bradycardia (6.3%), and depression of ST segments with T-wave inversion (6.3%) were observed electrocardiographically, with hypertension (10.5%) and muscular twitching in some (2.1%) cases. Biochemical changes such as albuminuria (12.6%) and azotemia (18.9%) with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity in blood were recorded in 78.9% of the cases. About 89.5% of the cases recovered completely, 4.2% of the cases absconded after partial recovery, and 6.3% of the cases died. The mortality rate (6.3%) depended on various factors such as the organophosphorus compound consumed, the amount ingested, the time interval for hospitalization, and the general health of the patient. Chances of recovery were higher when the patient was hospitalized at the earliest indication.
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PMID:A clinical, biochemical, neurobehavioral, and sociopsychological study of 190 patients admitted to hospital as a result of acute organophosphorus poisoning. 832 67


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