Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has demonstrated antitumor activity against a variety of tumors and is particularly cytotoxic to capillary endothelial cells, which are the presumed cell of origin of Kaposi's sarcoma. We evaluated the toxicity and clinical antitumor and antiretroviral effects of recombinant TNF administered at a once weekly dose of 100 micrograms/m2 intravenously for 8 weeks in five men with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and without prior opportunistic infection. One patient was removed from study at week 4 due to rapid progression of Kaposi's sarcoma, another patient with stage IV disease and a pretreatment CD4 count of 11 developed fever, hypotension, and pneumonia at week 7 and died 8 days after discontinuing recombinant TNF. No pathogenic organisms were isolated. He had marked eschar formation of his Kaposi's sarcoma lesions, particularly in areas previously exposed to radiation therapy. Uniform toxicities included fevers, rigors, and headaches during drug infusion that were ameliorated by prophylactic meperidine hydrochloride and acetaminophen. All experienced fatigue and three had arthralgias. One patient had transient hypotension which corrected with i.v. fluids. No significant hematologic, hepatic, or renal toxicities were seen. All patients had some progression of their Kaposi's sarcoma on study. There was no change in CD4 or CD8 count or in CD4:CD8 ratios. Serum human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen levels increased greater than 50% in three patients. We conclude that, as a single agent, at a dose of 100 micrograms/m2 recombinant TNF by i.v. infusion has no obvious antitumor or antiretroviral effects in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
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PMID:Intravenous recombinant tumor necrosis factor in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. 291 61

A study was conducted at the Ndola Central Hospital, Zambia, in 1987 to determine whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the risk or severity of infection with falciparum malaria in patients aged 12 years and over. The 170 patients examined all presented with symptoms suggestive of malaria, including fever, chills, rigors, headaches, joint pains, myalgia, acute diarrhea, and vomiting. 67 (39%) were diagnosed as having falciparum malaria and 28 (17%) were positive for the HIV antibody. The prevalence of malarial parasitemia in patients with HIV antibodies was lower than that in patients without such antibodies (29% versus 42%, respectively), and differences in densities of parasites also failed to provide evidence of increased susceptibility to malaria in patients infected in HIV. There were no significant differences in antibody titers to P falciparum in patients who were positive for HIV antibody and in those who were negative, whether or not they had parasitemia. The earlier finding of a significant association between malaria and HIV infection is now believed attributable to false positive results with the 1st enzyme linked immunosorbent assays and to interpretation difficulties with the Western blot test. Of interest is the fact that 20 patients in this study had symptoms suggestive of malaria, but had negative results for parasites and positive results for HIV antibody. This indicates that many patients with HIV infection may be presenting with an illness clinically similar to malaria before acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex or AIDS is recognizable.
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PMID:Relation between falciparum malaria and HIV seropositivity in Ndola, Zambia. 304 86

The clinical pattern of 400 cases of brucellosis in Kuwait is presented. The disease was acute in 77 per cent, sub-acute in 12.5 per cent and chronic in 10.5 per cent of cases. Raw milk was the major source of infection. The major features on presentation, irrespective of the course of the disease, were fever, sweating, headache, rigors, arthralgia, myalgia, and low back pain. Hepatosplenomegaly was present in 41 per cent of cases and in 32 per cent neither liver nor spleen were palpable. The haematologic findings were not specific and hepatic dysfunction (shown by liver enzyme abnormalities) was common. Skeletal (26 per cent) and genital (8.5 per cent) changes and neurobrucellosis (7 per cent) were the major complications. The ELISA was the most sensitive and reliable diagnostic test especially in relation to chronic brucellosis and neurobrucellosis. ELISA allowed the determination of brucella-specific immunoglobulins (Ig)G, IgM and IgA in the CSF, and provided profiles of Ig, in sera, which were different in patients with chronic (elevated IgG and IgA) from those with acute (elevated IgM alone or IgG, IgM and IgA) brucellosis. Treatment with tetracycline, doxycycline or rifampicin gave a cure rate of over 91 per cent in acute and subacute brucellosis. Co-trimoxazole was associated with a relapse rate of 50 per cent. Two drug combinations of streptomycin and tetracycline, streptomycin and rifampicin or streptomycin and doxycycline were effective, but one of five patients with chronic brucellosis relapsed. A combination of streptomycin, tetracycline and rifampicin with or without steroids was used successfully in neurobrucellosis, septicaemic shock and subacute bacterial endocarditis.
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PMID:Human brucellosis in Kuwait: a prospective study of 400 cases. 305 Oct 80

Eighteen patients with solid tumours were treated with human recombinant interferon-gamma at escalating dose levels starting at 1 X 10(6) units/m2 per infusion and rising through 3 X 10(6), 6 X 10(6), 9 X 10(6) and 22 X 10(6) to a maximum of 110 X 10(6) units/m2 per infusion. The IV infusions were given three times a week over a 4-week period. Side effects were seen in all patients, but were mild except at the highest dose. Acute dose-related effects included pyrexia, tiredness, thirst, chills and rigors. Chronic dose-related effects included anorexia, lethargy, weakness, disorientation, a trace of proteinuria and minimal rises in liver enzymes. In addition, effects were observed which were not related to dose. These included headache, nausea and vomiting, backache, myalgia, flatulence and a mild, transient reduction in neutrophils and erythrocytes. At the highest dose level dose-limiting toxicity was observed, consisting in severe tiredness and anorexia, hypotension, disorientation and changes on the electrocardiograph. Overall, toxicity was similar to that seen with preparations of interferon-alpha, except that no tolerance to the effects of interferon-gamma was noted. We observed less hepatic and haematological toxicity, but also recorded flatulence, handcramps and electrocardiograph changes, which have not been reported with interferon-alpha. When given according to this regimen, doses of 22 X 10(6) units/m2 per infusion of recombinant interferon-gamma were generally well tolerated by the patients.
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PMID:A toxicity study of recombinant interferon-gamma given by intravenous infusion to patients with advanced cancer. 309 8

Pinemoth caterpillar disease is a well-recognised disorder which occurs in South-Eastern China and is due to contact with the cocoons or larvae of the pinemoth (Dendrolimus punctatus). Generalised symptoms, which may be noted within two weeks of contact, consist of pyrexia, anorexia, malaise, rigors, headache, or dizziness. Localised abnormalities include dermatologic changes, skin nodules, and arthritis. The arthritis is usually monoarticular and most frequently involves the knee, ankle, and wrist. The radiologic findings consist of periarticular swelling, osteoporosis, erosions, or periosteal reaction in the acute phase and osseous sclerosis, joint deformity, persistent soft tissue swelling, or premature fusion of ossification centers in the chronic stages.
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PMID:Pinemoth caterpillar disease. 309 59

Human recombinant DNA interferon gamma (IFN-G), with a specific activity of 2 X 10(6) IU/mg protein, was administered s.c. 3 days per week for 2 months to patients with solid tumors. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 10 X 10(6) IU/m2 (5.0 mg/m2) per injection, and six patients were treated at the MTD. Two of these ceased treatment because of severe subjective toxicity (headache, rigors and pyrexia) and three patients developed WHO grade 3 leucopenia. Subjective toxicity varied considerably between patients and some patients at low dose levels experienced severe constitutional symptoms whilst others treated at the MTD had few side effects. These differences were unrelated to pharmacokinetic parameters. Bioavailability of this IFN-G administered s.c. was very variable from one patient to another at the same dose level. We therefore counsel caution in using this IFN-G preparation s.c. in phase II studies.
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PMID:A phase I study of recombinant interferon gamma administered by s.c. injection three times per week in patients with solid tumours. 310 38

Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) is still endemic among Ethiopian populations. In order to assess the clinical presentation of LBRF in an Ethiopian refugee camp in northern Somalia, a referral system was organized for all pyrexias of unknown origin. Among the 134 patients referred, 37 showed Borrelia in fresh and stained blood smears. Common clinical features were: high fever (above 39 degrees C in 73% of the cases), headache and general body pain (88%), liver tenderness (62%), petechia (54%), nausea and vomiting (46%), chills and rigors (30%) and epistaxis (11%). Jaundice was absent. No fatalities were observed. The clinical picture was less severe than in previous studies on LBRF. This difference might be due to the fact that the present study was community-based as opposed to the previous studies which were hospital-based.
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PMID:Clinical presentation of louse-borne relapsing fever among Ethiopian refugees in northern Somalia. 325 78

Septic shock and invasive infection are diseases caused by humoral mediators of both exogenous and endogenous origin. The search for and identification of these factors has led to the discovery and molecular cloning of cachectin. This pyrogenic cytokine is identical to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and, when released into the circulation, causes profound shock and multiple organ injury. Cachectin antibodies protect against the lethal effects of mice given endotoxin and baboons given E. coli, a result suggesting that this mediator is both necessary and sufficient to provoke septic shock. Cachectin is produced in humans after endotoxin infusion; the infusion of small doses of TNF is associated with fever, rigors, headache, and hypotension. Septicemic patients also produce cachectin, and during meningococcal infection, patients with the highest serum levels of cachectin die. Chronic cachectin production causes a potentially lethal syndrome of cachexia, anemia, and protein and lipid wasting. Future investigation is being directed toward the development of cachectin antibodies for use in treating the humorally mediated systemic complications of infectious disease.
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PMID:Cachectin: a hormone that triggers acute shock and chronic cachexia. 327 61

We reviewed retrospectively 135 cases of serologically-confirmed psittacosis that were admitted to Fairfield Hospital between January 1, 1972 and March 31, 1986. The average age of the patients was 46 years. The majority (85%) of patients described a history of recent exposure to birds. The clinical features, investigations, treatment and subsequent response were analysed in 129 patients. Psittacosis was a well-defined illness that was characterized by an abrupt onset of fever, rigors, sweats, and prominent headache, and a mild dry cough which appeared late frequently. However, respiratory symptoms were absent in 18% of patients. Diarrhoea and sore throat were occasional complaints. Over 90% of cases had an abnormal chest x-ray film, or abnormal chest signs, or a combination of both. Most patients had a normal leukocyte count. Tetracycline drugs were used for treatment in 87% of the patients. Defervescence occurred in 92% of patients after 48 h of tetracycline treatment. There were no recrudescences of psittacosis and no fatalities. The clinical diagnosis of psittacosis can be made early usually, particularly in the presence of pneumonitis on a chest x-ray film and a positive history of bird contact. Treatment with doxycycline (100 mg twice a day for 14 days) is recommended.
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PMID:Psittacosis--a review of 135 cases. 334 52

The toxic effects of protein A (Prosorba, IMRE Corporation, Seattle, WA) treatments given as part of an on-line plasmapheresis or off-line procedure were determined in a Phase I Study. Patients were randomized and treated 12 times either once per week or three times per week with a Prosorba column containing 50 or 200 mg protein A. Treated plasma volumes varied from 150 ml off-line to 2000 ml on-line. Seven patients having advanced metastatic breast adenocarcinoma patients were evaluated. All had advanced progressive disease that was resistant to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Greater than 50% regression of measurable tumor volume occurred in four of seven patients; an additional patient responded with 33.5% regression. Two patients with only bony metastases demonstrated stable disease for a 60-day period. Side effects resulting from protein A treatments included transient fever, chills, rigors, and infrequently nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, episodic hyper and/or hypotension, bronchospasm, venospasm, headache, joint and tumor pain. Mild to moderate reactions were seen in all patients regardless of clinical response, but abated spontaneously or were controlled with pretreatment and/or post treatment with antipyretics and/or antihistaminics. The side effects decreased notably during the course of the week with the more intense reaction occurring during the first treatment of the week. Side effects occurred regardless of column size or volume of plasma treated. In the course of 12 treatments, anemia requiring transfusion developed in two of seven patients. Significant tumor regression was obtained in this group of patients with advanced disease. In light of the mild to moderate side effects and tumor regression in five of seven of the patients treated, protein A treatment merits further evaluation to determine the effectiveness of this treatment in breast adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Toxicity following protein A treatment of metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. 334 17


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