Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The goal of this study was to clarify the subjective symptoms closely related to yusho by examining the relationship between the amount of PCB-contaminated rice oil ingested by patients and the subjective symptoms recorded on their questionnaires. The amount of PCB-contaminated rice oil consumed by the patients was obtained by interviewing the housewife in each yusho family. Individual consumption of the oil was estimated by taking into account age, sex and the number of meals at home. In 1970, 46 patients were available for analysis, and in 1971, 33 patients were available. Among 12 subjective symptoms studied, numbness of the limbs, coughing, expectoration, and the sensation of "elevated" teeth were considered to show a dose-response relationship, which suggests that these subjective symptoms are closely related to yusho. Consistent high rates of complaints of general fatigue and eye discharge were considered possibly to be connected with yusho, although no dose-response relationships have been determined. Other subjective symptoms, such as fever, headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, swelling in the joints, changes in menstruation, and loss of hair failed to show consistent dose-response relationships. It should be noted, however, that for these symptoms which failed to show dose-response relationships, it is impossible to deny a causal relationship.
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PMID:Relationship between the amount of rice oil ingested by patients with yusho and their subjective symptoms. 392 63

The aim of the present paper is to summarize the history of the Yusho incidence that occurred in the western part of Japan in 1968. A strange disease was reported in October 1968. This strange disease was characterized by acne-like eruptions, pigmentation of the skin, and eye discharge, and it was named Yusho (oil disease). Through systematic epidemiological studies based on observation of initial case series, and extensive efforts to clarify causal agents by the Study Group for Yusho, it was concluded that Yusho was caused by ingestion of rice oil contaminated with PCBs and PCDFs. As of now, more than 1,800 patients, have been registered as having Yusho and around 300 are deceased. Clinical observation showed that typical symptoms of Yusho have decreased, even general fatigue, headache and numbness of extremities have still been complained by patients. No effective treatment has been found so far. Careful and systematic observation for Yusho patients and medical care services should be continued for a further understanding of Yusho.
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PMID:Yusho in Japan. 1291 43

Yusho PCB poisoning occurred in 1968, when the human environment had been polluted with PCBs and related compounds. The causal rice oil was contaminated with large amounts of PCBs and PCDFs by accidental leakage at the rice oil producing Kanemi Company on February 7-15, 1968. Much less concentrations of PCBs were identified in the rice oil produced and shipped from the Company before and after the critical days. Concentration trend of PCBs and TEQ in human body were examined for 40 years from 1968 to present. Concentrations in the blood of heavily exposed Yusho patients and normal Japanese were PCBs : 80 and 1.5 microg/g-fat, and TEQ : 60 and 0.1 ng/g-fat, respectively, in 1969, and decreased to PCBs : 1 and 0.2 microg/g-fat, and TEQ : 0.5 and 0.02 ng/g-fat, respectively, in 2007. PCBs and PCDFs have been persistently retained in human body for 40 years. Serious cases of Yusho and Yucheng having very high PCB, PCDF concentrations in blood have suffered from severe chloracne, pigmentation, eye discharge and others at the first stage and recovered very slowly with a lapse of several years. However, their hormone mediated signs and symptoms, such as high triglyceride and thyroxin levels in serum, disorder of immunoglobulin, goiter, decrease of sperm mobility, disorder of teeth and joints conditions, decrease of IQ score in children, headache and numbness, etc, are persisting for more than 30 years. The residents in East Slovakia who have been exposed to PCBs wasted from a PCB factory and have about 3 times higher blood PCB concentrations than the controls, have suffered from disorder of FT4 and T3 levels in serum, disorder of thyroid grand and thymus, dental defects in enamel developmental, hearing impairment at low frequency tone, tendency to diabetes and others. Residents in the Great Lakes area, USA, whose blood PCB levels are estimated to be higher than other places, have shown disorder of thyroid, T4, TSH levels, endometriosis, joint disorder, and low IQ score in children. The levels of PCBs and PCDFs in the blood of Yusho patients and Controls are compared to the normal levels of estradiol, testosterone and thyroxin. In the blood of Yusho patients, concentrations of single congeners of PCB118, PCB153, PCB156 and PentaCDF are high enough to disturb the hormonal effects. Blood PCB concentrations in normal Japanese are higher than the FT3 and FT4 levels, indicating hormonal disturbance will be easily produced. PCBs are metabolized to produce HO-PCBs, which bind to TTR and retain in blood medium. Blood HO-PCB concentrations in Yusho patients and normal persons are higher than the FT3, FT4 levels in serum. Therefore, the hormonal effects of thyroxin will be disturbed in Yusho and normal persons. As HO-PCB will be easily transferred to fetus through placenta, fetus development will be possible to be disturbed. In Yusho and other cases, PCBs and TEQ (PentaCDF, PCB118 etc) were ingested together and the strong enzyme inducers of PentaCDF and others have metabolized PCBs to HO-PCBs, which have retained in the blood. Complex reactions of PCDFs, PCBs and HO-PCBs have disturbed the hormonal effects and the induced symptoms and diseases would have been caused.
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PMID:[Toxic effects of PCB/PCDF to human observed in Yusho and other poisonings]. 1958 43

The gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the pathogen that is most often transmitted through sexual contact. C. trachomatis is responsible for a wide range of different diseases. Strains of serovars D to K primarily cause urogenital infections, which are often asymptomatic, but can also lead to uncomplicated and complicated genital diseases. Pelvic inflammatory diseases attributed to ascending genital infections can result in ectopic pregnancies and infertility in women. After perinatal transmission, infections in the newborn can also occur. Strains of serovars L1, L2 and L3 cause lymphogranuloma venereum, a common sexually transmitted disease in many tropical and subtropical regions. The illness is associated with various skin lesions and systemic symptoms such as fever and headache. Unlike other serovars, strains of serovar A, B and C are transmitted primarily by infectious eye discharge. They cause a chronic eye disease called trachoma that occurs under poor hygienic conditions. Infections with C. trachomatis should be treated with antibacterial drugs reaching high intracellular concentrations. The choice of antibiotics and duration of treatment depend on the indication. In general, intracellular acting agents such as doxycycline, macrolides like azithromycin and erythromycin and certain quinolones (i.e. levofloxacin and ofloxacin) are applied for specific therapy of C. trachomatis infections. During pregnancy, application of macrolides or aminopenicillins has been recommended for most indications. Because of the serious potential consequences of urogenital C. trachomatis infection in women, many industrialized countries offer a C. trachomatis screening. For the elimination of trachoma, which is envisaged by the World Health Organization for the year 2020, the so-called SAFE strategy is used. This strategy includes therapeutic and hygienic measures that may be suitable to eliminate one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide.
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PMID:[Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis]. 2280 65

Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection caused by filamentous fungi of the Mucoraceae family. The genera most commonly responsible are Mucor or Rhizopus. The disease occurs mostly in association with diabetic ketoacidosis. Mucormycosis has an extremely high death rate even when aggressive surgery is done. Death rates range from 25-85% depending on the body area involved. A case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a 65-year-old diabetic male patient typically presenting as headache, especially in parietal and frontal lobes, with nose and left eye discharge. After clinical and laboratory examination, mucormycosis was diagnosed, and Rhizopus oryzae was isolated. Systemic therapy with amphotericin B administered intravenously then replaced by posaconazole by a combination of aggressive surgery. The patient was treated and followed up for one year. We emphasize the importance of early detection and aggressive treatment in the management of this fatal disease.
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PMID:A successful treatment of rhinocerebral mucormycosis due to Rhizopus oryzae. 2467 69