Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enprofylline, a xanthine-derivative shown experimentally to lack universal adenosine receptor antagonism, has been examined in patients with partly reversible, chronic, obstructive lung disease. Significant bronchodilation was produced by enprofylline 2 mg/kg, giving a peak plasma concentration of 3.0 +/- 0.6 microgram/ml (mean +/- SD). A dose of 2 + 4 mg/kg dilated the bronchi at least to the same extent as theophylline 9.2 +/- 0.9 mg/kg (plasma level 18.5 +/- 4.7 micrograms/ml). Neither at the low nor at the high dosage (2 +/- 4 mg/kg), giving plasma concentrations of 8.5 +/- 1.4 microgram/ml, did enprofylline produce theophylline-like CNS effects, such as restlessness and tremor, but it did exhibit some of the innocuous side effects expected with xanthine derivatives, such as epigastric discomfort and headache. The comparison with theophylline was limited because different dosage forms had to be used (solution an tablets), which for example, resulted in different absorption rates. Nevertheless, the present findings indicate enprofylline to be potent bronchodilator in patients with obstructive lung disease, suggesting that adenosine-receptor antagonism is not involved in the bronchodilator effects of xanthines.
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PMID:Effects of enprofylline, a xanthine lacking adenosine receptor antagonism, in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. 628 96

Basal and throughout-the-day variations of B-lipotropin (BLPH), B-endorphin (BEP), ACTH and cortisol plasma levels were studied in seven prepubertal children who had been affected by common migraine for periods of 6-26 months and in six healthy volunteers. Despite normal cortisol concentrations, children with migraine show higher BLPH (15.1 +/- 2.7 fmol/ml, M +/- SE), ACTH (25 +/- 2.7) and BEP (9.1 +/- 1.1) levels than controls. In both groups of children, evening values (8 p.m.) were significantly lower than morning values, but in migraineurs the decrease of the three peptides was less. The raised proopiocortin-related peptide plasma levels found in children suffering from migraine cannot be explained at present, although the discomfort experienced by the patients may create a situation of chronic stress which could explain such a finding. Whatever the explanation is, these findings differentiate prepubertal migraine from the most severe forms of headache occurring in adult life where lower than normal opioid levels have been demonstrated.
Cephalalgia 1983 Aug
PMID:Circadian variations of proopiocortin-related peptides in children with migraine. 631 26

The effect of 25 mg histamine, 25 mg tyramine and 5 mg phenylethylamine resp. in apple juice on 27 healthy volunteers was studied using a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind procedure. No statistically significant effect was found with histamine and tyramine, but phenylethylamine produced symptoms like headache, dizziness and discomfort in some volunteers. In a second experiment the effect of four different wines (2 dl) containing naturally several biogenic amines in various amounts (histamine n.d. - 21 ppm; tyramine 1-23 ppm; phenylethylamine n.d. - 6 ppm; putrescine 2-55 ppm) on 20 volunteers was recorded. The percentage of volunteers experiencing symptoms was of the same order of magnitude as in the first experiment. No correlation was found to exist in this second experiment between the occurrence of symptoms and the concentration of biogenic amines in the wine samples.
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PMID:[Biogenic amines in food: effects of histamine, tyramine and phenylethylamine in the human]. 636 21

Diagnostic quality of radiographs and adverse reactions associated with the use of metrizamide and iohexol as contrast agents in lumbar myelography were compared in a prospective randomized double blind study in 350 patients at seven centers. The contrast media were administered in comparable volumes at a concentration of 180 mg I per ml. Overall quality of radiographic visualization was graded good or excellent in 95% of 175 metrizamide studies and in 98% of 175 iohexol studies. Ninety-three patients examined using metrizamide (53%) and 130 patients examined using iohexol (74%) experienced no discomfort during or after myelography. Postmyelographic headache was associated with 38% of metrizamide examinations and 21% of iohexol examinations. Nausea and vomiting were also more common with metrizamide. Five patients examined using metrizamide (3%) experienced transient confusion and disorientation following lumbar myelography. No such reactions were observed following iohexol myelography.
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PMID:Lumbar myelography with iohexol and metrizamide: a comparative multicenter prospective study. 637 90

Compilation of recent data on 1130 female volunteers from 17 US sites enrolled in a study of a new low dose combination oral contraceptive (OC) containing .15 mg levonorgestrel and .03 mg ethinyl estradiol are reported. All clients had complete histories and physical examinations at entrance and at 6 month intervals during treatment, and about 20% also had blood sugar, blood urea nitrogen, and liver profile determinations. Follow-up evaluation was performed after the 1st and 3rd cycles and every 3 cycles thereafter to determine patterns of pill taking, bleeding episodes, untoward effects, and concomitant medication. Clients ranged in age from 15-40 with mean age of 23.6; 76.1% were white, 11.9% black, 7.5% Hispanic, and 4.4% Oriental. 61.9% were of proven fertility and 92% had regular cycles. 48.1% of the study population had not used female hormones or been pregnant within 60 days of enrollment. A total of 11,064 cycles over a maximum 31 cycles of treatment are reported. Despite 1-6 or more missed pills in 1623, or 14.7% of the cycles, only 3 pregnancies were reported, only 1 presumed to be a method failure, for a use-effectiveness Pearl index of .35/100 women years of usage. Use of the formulation resulted in a mean cycle length of 28.5 days. 92.7% of cycles ranged from 26-30 days, almost equal to pretreatment values. The frequency of light menstrual flows increased. Breakthrough bleeding was reported in 669 cycles, or 6.0%, while spotting occurred in 852 cycles, or 7.7%. Amenorrhea was reported after 194 cycles (1.8%). No reports of post-pill amenorrhea were made. Incidence of side effects was very low. Only acne, breast discomfort, dysmenorrhea, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, nausea, and vaginal discharge were reported in more than 1.0% of cycles. The pill had essentially no effect on weight or blood pressure, and produced no clinically significant laboratory abnormalities in hematology, urine, blood sugar, blood urea nitrogen, or liver profile determination. A total of 515 subjects (45.6%) discontinued use of the drug for various nonmedical reasons. Another 146 women (12.9%) discontinued use and gave medical reasons; 132, or 11.7%, were commonly reported side effects of OCs such as breakthrough bleeding, headache, and nausea. Clinical trials with the formulation have shown it to be a safe and effective ultra-low dose combined OC agent whose mode of action is primarily gonadotropin suppression and subsequent anovulation.
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PMID:A new ultra-low-dose combination oral contraceptive. 640 5

The published literature suggests that the technique of epidural "blood patch" injection is both safe and effective for the treatment and prevention of headache after spinal puncture. However, a case is reported in which the complications following a "blood patch" outweighed the disability and discomfort produced by the headache itself. The etiology is believed to have been inadvertent injection of blood into the subarachnoid space.
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PMID:Lumbosacral meningismus complicating subdural injection of "blood patch": case report. 644 59

An adolescent girl with chronic myelogenous leukemia was treated with hypnosis for several disease- and treatment-related problems during the last 4 months of her life. Data were collected before and after hypnosis on the nature and intensity of the patient's acute pain and anxiety during bone marrow aspirations, chronic headache and backache, nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, anorexia, and the discomfort associated with spiking temperatures. Comparisons of baseline and posthypnosis reports suggest that hypnosis was successfully used for acute and chronic pain, anxiety, unpleasant body sensations and, possibly, nausea and vomiting. The hypnotic techniques used, the limitations of hypnosis and clinical issues in this case are presented and discussed.
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PMID:Use of hypnosis for multiple symptoms in an adolescent girl with leukemia. 645 20

Nimesulide, 4-nitro-2-phenoxymethanesulphonanilide, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug endowed with potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities, was tested at a daily dose of 200 mg b.i.d. against Benzydamine on a double-blind basis, in a randomized trial with fifty out-patients suffering from inflammatory ear, nose and throat diseases (otitis media, sinusitis, rhinitis). Nimesulide treatment brought about an immediate and significant improvement in over-all pain, exudation, oedema and headache and produced a rapid lowering in body temperature. The recovery was more rapid and significant in patients with Nimesulide than in those with Benzydamine. The signs and symptoms under consideration reached almost complete resolution within the set treatment-period of 10 days. Clinical tolerability of Nimesulide was better than that of Benzydamine: one case of moderate gastric pyrosis and drowsiness was complained of by the Nimesulide-treated patients versus eleven cases of gastro-intestinal discomfort, mouth dryness, and/or drowsiness which were complained of by the Benzydamine-treated patients.
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PMID:Nimesulide for the treatment of painful inflammatory process in the ear, nose and throat areas: a double-blind controlled study with benzydamine. 651 48

Reviewing medical and epidemiological reports, no definite clinical picture could be expected as a result of a low DMF exposure and experimental research on long term toxicity has always demonstrated some adverse effects but has not been sufficient to define a no-effect level in animals. This study was designed to assess the specificity of symptoms and the relevance of adverse effects as consequence of an exposure to airborne DMF concentration in the range of the present TLV (30 mg/m3 - 10 ppm). For this purpose 100 DMF-exposed workers, with homogeneous characteristics, were compared with 100 matched controls. Both groups were selected by a careful pair-matching. Mean DMF exposure was 22 mg/m3 (range 8-58 mg/m3). Exposed subjects and their matched controls were evaluated clinically and a questionnaire was used for the registration and the comparison of subjective complaints. A laboratory assessment was performed, including transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Statistical analysis was based on McNemar Test procedure. The problem of dietary alcohol intake was particularly investigated. Among symptoms studied, headache, dyspepsia and digestive impairment of hepatic type could be specifically associated with chronic DMF exposure and increased levels of gamma-GT demonstrated minimal hepato-cellular damage, even without ethanol dietary intake. No chronic sickness was diagnosed and the disturbances observed are better considered as indicators of malaise and discomfort due to a toxic effect of DMF, whose consequences are discussed.
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PMID:Epidemiological study on workers exposed to low dimethylformamide concentrations. 653 79

Data from 34 patients were included in the analysis of this open group comparative study comparing a controlled release theophylline given twice daily with immediate release aminophylline given four times daily. The treatment period was of eight weeks duration. There was no significant difference between treatments in clinical assessments of asthma severity or pulmonary function tests. Similarly there were no significant differences between treatments in diary card assessments of asthma symptoms or PERF. Serum theophylline levels were measured prior to the morning dose of test treatment and 2 or 5 hours later, respectively for patients taking immediate release (IR) or controlled release (CR) preparations, at each clinic visit. There was no significant difference between treatments in serum theophylline levels fluctuations, although the dosing interval (12 hours) was twice as long for CR formulation. Six patients reported unusual symptoms, two in the CR group (headache, gastric discomfort) four in the aminophylline group (three headache, one headache and vomiting).
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PMID:[Chronic asthma in children: comparison between a delayed-action theophylline preparation and a prompt-release aminophylline preparation]. 653 26


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