Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nabumetone, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the naphthylalkanone class, was studied in an open-label fashion to compare the relative single-dose and steady-state kinetics in young healthy male volunteers and in elderly patients with degenerative joint disease. Seventeen healthy male volunteers 21 to 30 years of age and 17 patients 60 to 75 years of age were studied. After a single oral dose of 1,000 mg nabumetone, blood and urine samples were collected over a five-day period. Plasma was assayed for nabumetone and the active metabolite, 6-methoxynaphthylacetic acid, and the urine was assayed for five metabolites. Following this phase, they received daily oral doses of 1,000 mg nabumetone for 14 days. After the final dose, blood and urine samples were again collected for five days for the same assays. These data were fitted to a single compartment model and the derived data are as follows: mean maximal plasma concentration, maximal time concentration, area under the plasma-time curve, elimination rate constant, and elimination half-life in the young group after single dose were 22.9, 8.4, 838, 0.032, and 21.2, respectively, whereas on steady-state, values were 33.6, 4.1, 666, 0.031, and 22.1, respectively. In the elderly group after single dose, these values were 30.2, 10.8, 1,538, 0.024, and 29.2, whereas on steady-state, they were 50.0, 7.2, 1,092, 0.027, and 25.6. The accumulation ratio was 1.6 in the young and 1.8 in the elderly. Side effects in the young were mild and consistent of headaches, epigastric discomfort, nausea, and vomiting, whereas in the elderly they consisted mainly of headaches. No significant changes in complete blood cell count, blood chemistries, or urinalysis were noted. We concluded from these data that the drug does not accumulate if given every 24 hours; therefore, a single daily dose should provide sufficient therapy and that due to a difference in elimination, elderly patients may require a lower dose.
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PMID:Nabumetone kinetics in the young and elderly. 368 2

This paper explores the dose-response relation between formaldehyde (HCHO) concentration and reported health complaints (eye irritation, nose/throat irritation, headaches and skin rash) of nearly 2,000 residents living in 397 mobile and 494 conventional homes. The study analyzes the effects of HCHO concentration, age and sex of respondent, and smoking behavior on each of the four health effects. The results demonstrate a positive dose-response relation between HCHO concentration and reported health complaints, with reported health complaints demonstrated at HCHO concentrations of 0.1 ppm and above. Concentrations of 0.4 ppm in manufactured homes as targeted by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), may not be adequate to protect occupants from discomfort and from acute effects of HCHO exposure.
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PMID:Formaldehyde-related health complaints of residents living in mobile and conventional homes. 381 39

A 19-year-old man with a history of intravenous cocaine and amphetamine abuse injected 1.1 mg of epinephrine intravenously from an over-the-counter bronchodilator inhaler. Within seconds, headache, nausea, numbness of hands and feet, precordial chest discomfort, and palpitations developed. The patient was given a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet by a bystander and promptly had a syncopal episode. Hypotension was observed in the emergency department 10 minutes later. Administration of 2 L of Ringer's lactate maintained blood pressure at 80-90 mm Hg systolic. An electrocardiogram showed ischemic changes in the precordial leads. Cardiac enzymes remained normal. Mild hypokalemia and hyperglycemia were observed. This case illustrates an unusual route of abuse of an over-the-counter epinephrine bronchodilator.
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PMID:Intravenous epinephrine abuse. 381 85

Few well-controlled studies have assessed the extent and magnitude of adverse health conditions reported by video display terminal (VDT) operators. To evaluate the association between typical, daily VDT use and the prevalence of adverse conditions related to vision, musculoskeletal conditions, headaches, and colds or sore throats, we conducted a cross-sectional, epidemiologic study of 1,545 Massachusetts clerical workers. The study results indicated an increased prevalence of adverse conditions pertaining to vision, musculoskeletal discomfort, and headaches among clerical workers who used VDTs. The magnitude of the increased prevalence was dose dependent. The effects related to musculoskeletal discomfort and headaches were higher among VDT workers in computer and data processing services, public utilities, and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts than among workers in banking, communications, and hospitals. These latter effects, however, may have been due to random variation.
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PMID:Video display terminal use and reported health symptoms among Massachusetts clerical workers. 381 90

Diagnostic quality and adverse reactions associated with metrizamide and iohexol as contrast agents for lumbar myelography were compared in a prospective randomized double-blind study in 350 patients at seven centers. Both contrast media were administered in comparable volumes at a concentration of 180 mg I/ml. Overall quality of radiographic visualization was graded as "good" or "excellent" in 95% of 175 metrizamide studies and in 98% of 175 iohexol myelograms. Ninety-three patients examined with metrizamide (53%) and 130 patients studied with iohexol (74%) experienced no discomfort during or after myelography. The incidence of postmyelographic headache was 38% with metrizamide and 21% with iohexol. Nausea and vomiting were also more common with metrizamide. Five patients examined with metrizamide (3%) experienced transient confusion and disorientation after lumbar myelography. No such reactions were observed after iohexol myelography.
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PMID:Lumbar myelography with iohexol and metrizamide. A comparative multicenter prospective study. 388 14

A double-blind, cross-over, randomized study of acute migraine attack compared treatment results of naproxen with that of placebo. Each treatment period continued for either three months or six migraine attacks, whichever occurred first. The initial dose of naproxen was 750 mg, with additional 250-500 mg doses taken if and when required, to a maximum of five 250 mg tablets within a period of 24 h in each migraine attack. Forty-one patients were enrolled in the study; they had all experienced at least two but not more than eight migraine attacks a month during the preceding year. Thirty-two patients completed the two treatment periods. Naproxen was statistically significantly superior to placebo in reducing the severity of head pain, nausea, and photophobia; in shortening the duration of head pain, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and lightheadedness; in diminishing the frequency of vomiting; and in decreasing the need for escape medication. Both patient and physician treatment preferences significantly favoured naproxen. Nine side effects were experienced by seven patients while receiving placebo and seven by five patients during naproxen treatment. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort was the main complaint. Only one patient withdrew from treatment because of a side effect, which occurred while receiving placebo.
Cephalalgia 1985 Jun
PMID:Treatment of acute migraine attack: naproxen and placebo compared. 389 30

The present ophthalmologic study is the third part of a major epidemiologic health investigation on work with a video display terminal (VDT). An initial study showed that VDT operators replying to a questionnaire reported more eye discomfort than a reference group not employed in VDT work and that women reported more eye discomfort, musculoskeletal discomfort, headache, and skin disorders than men, irrespective of whether or not they were employed in VDT work. In the present study the ophthalmologic history of eye diseases and eye discomfort yielded a much lower percentage response for symptoms and discomfort than the questionnaire, and, just as with visual acuity and refraction, there was no difference between the exposed and reference groups or between the men and women. The exposed subjects were found to be overcorrected in terms of presbyopia addition in relation to work distance. As regards ocular examination findings, low frequency rates were noted for pathological lens opacities. Opacities of this kind were slightly more frequent among the VDT operators than among the referents, but the difference was not statistically significant. There were no other differences in the ocular findings of the exposed and reference groups.
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PMID:Work with video display terminals among office employees. III. Ophthalmologic factors. 391 87

Plasma glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) concentration was studied in 12 volunteers producing gun powder. Serial blood samples were obtained from the cubital vein before and during work at two sites of production; high concentrations of GTN were detected in the plasma. Control specimens from a femoral vein contained much less GTN, indicating that blood in the cubital vein was enriched by dermally absorbed GTN. In the roll mill area concentrations of GTN in the cubital vein were higher than in the press area, but individual factors were also important since some workers consistently had higher concentration of GTN than others. Differences in absorption were more important than differences in the metabolism of GTN since only a small variation in disappearance rate was found after a sublingual test dose of GTN. Moderate changes in pulse rate and blood pressure were noted during the day. The major discomfort experienced was a headache that increased during working hours, but this was not significantly related to GTN concentrations in the air or in the blood from the cubital vein. The observations imply that major efforts should be made to reduce dermal contact with GTN during production work.
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PMID:Exposure to glyceryl trinitrate during gun powder production: plasma glyceryl trinitrate concentration, elimination kinetics, and discomfort among production workers. 391 7

The side effects of iohexol were evaluated in the 300 patients who had nonemergency myelography over a 9 month period. No patients studied with myelography were excluded from the iohexol trial. Age range was 14-86 years. Introduction was by lumbar puncture in 206 patients and by lateral C1-C2 injection in 94. Side effects, including discomfort, were denied by 81.3% of the patients. The other 18.7% had adverse reactions, the most common being headache, reported by 11% of the total population studied. Image quality was judged unsatisfactory in 8.1% of cervical myelograms and in 2.6% of lumbar myelograms. With lumbar injection, cervical myelograms were judged to be inadequate in 13.5%; with cervical injection, lumbar myelograms were inadequate in 25%. Iohexol caused significantly fewer side effects in the 300 patients than would have been expected with metrizamide. The low cost and ease of use are additional factors that favor iohexol as the contrast agent of choice for myelography.
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PMID:Myelography with iohexol (Omnipaque): review of 300 cases. 392 92

Labile high blood pressure and associated complaints (eg, severe headache, palpitation, and vague discomfort in the chest) in a 28-year-old woman with pheochromocytoma were stabilized by adding nifedipine to the conventional regimen of alpha- and beta-blocking agents. Electrocardiographic (ECG) data (ST depressions, prolonged QT intervals, and giant negative T waves during a hypertensive attack) and findings in biopsied myocardial specimens (slight cell infiltration composed mainly of lymphocytes associated with interstitial fibrosis) had suggested the presence of catecholamine cardiomyopathy. Oral administration of 10 mg of nifedipine alone had rapidly resulted in normalization of blood pressure and complete relief from associated signs and symptoms. Because conventional preoperative treatment with alpha- and beta-blockers did not alleviate the hypertensive attacks, a 20-mg long-acting nifedipine tablet was added to the regimen. The effect of twice-daily administration of a 20-mg long-acting nifedipine tablet (combined with alpha- and beta-blockers) was so prominent that it was possible for the patient to undergo surgery for removal of the right adrenal gland and a 4-cm tumor at the gland. After surgery there were no abnormal ECG findings.
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PMID:Preoperative management of pheochromocytoma with the calcium-antagonist nifedipine. 399 32


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