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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an Obstetric Department with approximately 2,000 deliveries yearly, offry third mother is delivered under epidural anesthesia. In a group of 600 maternity patients, the effectiveness, the side effects and the changes in the fetal cardiotocogram were examined during labour and delivery under epidural anesthesia. Evaluated were questionnaire to the mothers with mainly subjective impressions, the anesthetic protocol, and the protocol of labour and delivery including the internal cardiotocogram. 85% of the mothers would have a future delivery under an epidural anesthesia. The incidence of headaches and its independence of the type of obstetric analgesia and anesthesia is mentioned. The number of punctures, the technique of epidural anesthesia, the concentration of the local anesthetic used, failures and side effects are described. The incidence of cesarian sections, fetal morbidity and changes in the cardiotocogram are discussed in detail. The incidence of transilent silent decelerations and alarm dips in the cardiotocogram are mentioned. This study shows that epidural anesthesia is free of risks and a highly effective method for the conduct of obstetric analgesia.
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PMID:[Effect and adverse effects of epidural anesthesia during labor. With special reference to changes in the cardiotocogram]. 656 81

Possible correlations between age and certain characteristics of spinal blockade with plain bupivacaine were investigated in 124 patients, ages ranging from 15 to 92 yr. Three millilitre of 0.5% solution (sp. gr. 1.000 at 37 degrees C) was injected at the L3-L4 interspace. There were great individual variations in all age groups, but the maximum spread of analgesia increased with age, although the correlation was poor (P less than 0.05). The spread of analgesia to L2 and L3 segments in the oldest patients (greater than or equal to 70 yr) was about twice as fast as that in the youngest (less than 30 yr). Complete motor blockade of the lower extremities developed most rapidly in the oldest patients (greater than or equal to 80 yr; mean 11 min), while in patients younger than 50 yr the mean time to complete motor block was approximately doubled. The mean sensory recovery of the two uppermost segments and the mean sensory recovery of the S1 segment did not correlate significantly with age. The decrease of systolic arterial pressure was correlated with the height of the sensory block only in the oldest (greater than or equal to 80 yr) patients. Post-spinal headache was encountered in two patients (1.6%).
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PMID:Influence of age on spinal anaesthesia with isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine. 670 78

Sixty-two patients were given morphine 2 mg and 69 patients were given diamorphine 0.5 mg by either the epidural or intrathecal route. All had undergone either total hip replacement or spinal disc surgery. Forty-nine out of 131 patients required no further analgesia. Diamorphine was superior to morphine and the intrathecal route more effective than the epidural. Headache, pruritus, urinary retention and nausea and vomiting were recorded, the incidence of the latter being unacceptably high, particularly when the drugs were administered by the intrathecal route: one patient required resuscitation. It is suggested that previously reported respiratory depression using these techniques is associated with the administration of other analgesics contemporaneously; that dosage should be limited to one-fifth of the estimation intramuscular dose; and that patients should be observed in a recovery ward for 24 hours.
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PMID:Postoperative analgesia in major orthopaedic surgery. Epidural and intrathecal opiates. 689 42

30 patients for whom an epidural injection using local anaesthesia was hazardous (deformed spine) or contra-indicated (allergic to local anaesthetic agents) received an injection of 0.008 mg cm-1 of morphine chlorhydrate intrathecally. Residual pain scored from 0 to 5 was 2.5 after 10 minutes and 1.5 after 25 minutes. Thereafter there was only a simple ache which was well tolerated right up to the time of delivery. Uterine action was not changed, which allowed 27 labours to be completed vaginally, of which 23 were without forceps. There was no haemodynamic change or respiratory depression, either immediately of later, in the mother nor in the infant (there were 26 Apgar scores of 9 or more). The ratio of plasma concentrations of morphine between the mother and the fetus using radio-immunological assays was inverted as time passed. These were at 6 mg ml-1 or less, which explains the medullary characteristic of the analgesia and the absence of general repercussions. The safety that is offered by the poor diffusion of substance between the fetus and the mother and the ability to prevent secondary effects (pruritus and headache) are features that make intrathecal analgesia and interesting alternative to a conduction block in labour.
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PMID:[Morphine analgesia by the intrathecal route]. 689 11

A comparison of hypnotic analgesia, frontalis electromyographic feedback, and frontalis electromyographic feedback in conjunction with Jacobson progressive relaxation for treating chronic prefrontal muscle contraction headache was done. There were four 1-hour treatment sessions for each type, and a follow-up. Measures were the number of headache hours per week, a subjective estimate of pain intensity, and an objective ratio of pain intensity found by using the submaximum tourniquet technique. No significant differences were found between treatments on these dependent measures, although all produced significant change in the desired direction. The current study utilized 48 patients with chronic prefrontal headache, and was performed in a clinical situation. Certain responses to the Headache Questionnaire used in screening were significantly correlated with improvement in headache. The current study controlled for class of medication the patient may have been taking for headache, thereby giving a more realistic assessment of the effectiveness of psychological treatments in a clinic.
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PMID:A comparison of treatments for prefrontal muscle contraction headache. 698 90

The analgesic activity of 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2(1H)-quinazolinone (fluproquazone) was investigated in three separate controlled studies including 131 outpatients with non-migrainous headache. By means of the patients' self-assessment of pain intensity and pain relief, 25 mg and 50 mg doses were shown to be effective according to some parameters of analgesic effect; a 100-mg dose was more effective, being significantly different from placebo for all parameters of analgesia. Fluproquazone 50 mg was as active as acetylsalicylic acid 1000 mg and slightly less active than a combination of propyphenazone 220 mg and allobarbital 30 mg. Except for the occurrence of vomiting in one patient after fluproquazone 50 mg and 100 mg. the drug was well tolerated.
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PMID:Fluproquazone: analgesic activity in outpatients with non-migrainous headache. 702 93

The efficacy and acceptability of bromocriptine in suppressing postpartum lactation was determined in a double blind study in which bromocriptine 2.5 mg twice daily for 14 days was compared with a placebo. Forty women who decide during the antenatal period not to breast feed entered the study. The bromocriptine treated group had significantly less mammary secretion and breast engorgement than the control group and also required less analgesia. The most noticeable side effects during the trial were dizziness, headache and abdominal pain. The only statistical difference between the two groups was a higher incidence of dizziness in the bromocriptine treated group.
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PMID:Lactation suppression with bromocriptine. 703 47

The incidence and localization of headache after spinal analgesia were studied by means of a questionnaire. The case material comprised 503 spinal analgesias carried out with a 4% hyperbaric and a 2% isobaric solution of mepivacaine respectively and with 0.5% isobaric solution of bupivacaine. The use of the 4% solution of mepivacaine was followed by an increased incidence of prolonged dull headache in the occipital region. The observations suggest that the occurrence of headache after spinal analgesia may also depend on the type of analgesic agent employed.
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PMID:[Headache after spinal analgesia with reference to the type of analgesic agent used (author's transl)]. 705 19

In a retrospective study 1,000 women who in 1979 had undergone a delivery either under epidural-anaesthesia or without, and instead either relation training or pethidine in small doses (20-30 mg i.v.) at the Ulm Department of Obstetrics, were followed up by questionnaire. The women of the epidural group felt that they had been adequately informed about the various possibilities of pain relief during labour, while some of the control group felt that they had been inadequately or even incorrectly informed. In the epidural group, pain relief during labour was such that 90% had hardly experienced any, or only mild discomfort, similar degree of pain relief was described by a many as 68.7% of the control group. Especially in the case of primigravida, the women of the epidural group had an insufficient urge to bear down, hence the rate of forceps delivery was relatively high, whereas this problem did not arise in the control group, where the forceps rate was markedly lower. The incidence of headache and back pain was only slightly higher in the epidural as compared to the control group, where other complaints were more frequent. 82% of the epidural group said that they would again choose this form of analgesia for future deliveries, 15% would not. In the control group 22% said that they would like an epidural for future deliveries, while 21% would not. The Apgar scoring and pH values of the newborn showed no significant differences between the groups.
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PMID:[Studies on the effectiveness of obstetric epidural analgesia. I. Vaginal delivery (author's transl)]. 708 16

The therapeutic value of buprenorphine was investigated in 31 patients suffering from moderate to severe cancer pain by intramuscular administration at the single doses of 0.2 mg and 0.3 mg in comparison with pentazocine 30 mg. Analgesic effect of buprenorphine 0.3 mg was significantly superior to buprenorphine 0.2 mg and pentazocine 30 mg. The duration of analgesia with buprenorphine was 9 hours at 0.2 mg and 11 hours at 0.3 mg, which were markedly longer than pentazocine's 6 hours. Side effects most commonly observed in the three groups were nausea, vertigo, oral dryness, urinary retention, vomiting, sweating, and headache. The frequency of side effects was 54.8% for buprenorphine 0.2 mg, 50.0% for buprenorphine 0.3 mg and 58.3% for pentazocine 30 mg respectively, indicating no significant difference between the three groups. Blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate did not change appreciably, thereby suggesting a little effect of buprenorphine on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Buprenorphine was found a useful or extremely useful in 58% at 0.2 mg and 87.5% at 0.3 mg. As the result it was concluded that buprenorphine could be valuable as an analgesic for cancer pain.
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PMID:[Effect of a long-acting analgesic, buprenorphine on cancer pain--a single-blind crossover comparison with pentazocine]. 718 1


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