Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety-seven Reye's syndrome (RS) cases in Ohio children with onsets from December 1978 through March 1980 were studied for medication use during their pre-RS illness. They were matched with 156 control subjects for age, race, sex, geographic location, time, and type of illness. Only the use of aspirin was reported by significantly more cases (97%, 94/97) than controls (71%, 110/156) during the pre-RS matched illness. Using a multiple logistic model to control for the presence of fever, headache, and sore throat statistically, the difference in aspirin use remained significant. Conversely, fewer cases (16%) took medications containing acetaminophen than controls (33%). In 87% of the cases receiving aspirin, their maximum daily dosage did not exceed recommended levels, but their doses were higher than those of controls receiving aspirin. No relationship was found between dosage and stage of RS encephalopathy.
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PMID:Reye's syndrome and medication use. 709 18

A joint pilot project between the Ministry of Health and the Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, to test the value of village aides in extending the health care system into isolated Iban communities was begun in May 1979 in the Entabai District of Sarawak. A group of 15 village aides consisting of 11 traditional Iban manangs (medicine men) and 4 youths were trained to provide primary health care including simple curative care, preventive care, and to assist in the detection of malaria. Evaluation carreid out 2 years later showed the following. With regard to curative care, the village aides were each, on the average, treating 70.6 patients/month, the most common complaint being headache (30.4%), which along with abdominal pain, constipation, bodyache, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, worm infections, cough, and sore throat, accounted for 89% of all illnesses seen by them. Subsequent to the introduction of village aides in the project area, the number of seriously ill patients requiring admission to the rest beds of the klinik desa dropped by 43.8% and the number of emergency referrals to the backup divisional hospitals fell by 46.1% showing that patients were coming to the klink desa for treatment at an earlier stage. The 11 traditional Iban manangs, who had recently received training had, on their own accord, drastically reduced the use of traditional Iban modes of therapy in preference for modern medicine. During the 24 months immediately after the introduction of village aides into Entabai, 9 gravity feed water supply systems together with related health packages advocating general cleanliness, the use of latrines, and fences were affected, whereas only 6 such systems were installed in the previous 24 months, indicating that it is likely that the village aides were of some assistance in mobilizing the community with respect to self-help efforts. During the same period, the majority of longhouses in the area successfully established a number of vegetable gardens growing foods for home consumption, and continue to vigorously advocate breastfeeding of infants in opposition to bottlefeeding. During the 23 months after village aides were introduced, a total of 1093 blood films were collected by the 15 village aides, the average number of blood films/village aide being 3.2 blood slides/month. Village aides are socially accepted by the Iban community who utilize their curative skills when mild illness disturb them, but who proceed directly to the klinik desa when more serious illness such as fever strike. The project has established clear lines of communication between the health team and the community, and has stimulated the community to organize itself to achieve an increasingly high level of health through community participation and self-reliance. Plans have been approved in principle to train a further 2000 village aides in primary health care for the state of Sarawak.
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PMID:A primary health care project in Sarawak. 712 43

Free formaldehyde may be released from wood products and foam insulation where urea-formaldehyde resins have been used. From January, 1978 to November, 1979, 100 structures were investigated by the Wisconsin Division of Health after receiving complaints of health problems from occupants. Air samples were collected in midget impingers and analyzed for formaldehyde content by the chromotropic acid procedure. Health information was obtained from the occupants via questionnaires. Mean formaldehyde concentration observed ranged from below the limit of detection to 3.68 ppm. Eye irritation, burning eyes, runny nose, dry or sore throat, headache, and cough were the primary symptoms which were reported by the occupants. Statistically significant associations were seen between formaldehyde levels and age of home/building materials. Observations presented suggest nonoccupational, indoor environmental exposure to formaldehyde is significant and may reach levels which exceed occupational exposure standards.
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PMID:Formaldehyde exposure in nonoccupational environments. 731 64

The toxic shock syndrome has only recently been described. Eleven female patients aged 13 to 43 years (median 17) with toxic shock syndrome have been seen at the Mayo Clinic since August 1975. One patient died. Seven patients had one or more recurrences. As previously described, the syndrome was often life-threatening, afflicted mostly menstruating females, and was characterized by a very brief prodromal illness consisting of high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, headache, irritability, sore throat, myalgias, abdominal tenderness, and erythematous rash. The disorder can progress to hypotension or prolonged refractory shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome, diffuse intravascular coagulation with severe thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. Pancreatitis was observed in two cases. During convalescence, pronounced desquamation and peeling of the skin occurred. Numerous laboratory abnormalities are observed. In 5 of the 11 patients, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from conjunctiva, oral cavity or nares, vagina, or stool. A recently described pyrogenic exotoxin was identified in the isolates of three patients; its etiologic role remains speculative. Therapy is mainly supportive. Antistaphylococcal therapy for the acute illness and for prevention of recurrences has not yet proved to be of any benefit. The role of vaginal tampons, if any, in the pathogenesis of this disorder remains unclear.
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PMID:Toxic shock syndrome, a newly recognized disease entity. Report of 11 cases. 744 20

During an outbreak of influenza A, seven patients with Reye's syndrome and 16 ill classmate control subjects were evaluated for characteristics of the patients' prodromal illness and the control subjects illness and for medication usage. Patients during the prodrome and control subjects had similar rates of sore throat, coryza, cough, headache, and gastrointestinal complaints except for documented fever which occurred significantly more often in patients than in control subjects (P = .05). While medications which did not contain salicylate were taken as frequently by patients as control subjects, patients took more salicylate-containing medications than did control children (P < .01). All seven patients took salicylate whereas only eight of 16 control subjects did so (P < .05). Patients took larger doses of salicylate than did the entire control group (P < .01). When the eight control subjects who took salicylate were compared with the patients, the patients still tended to take larger doses (P = .08). Patients with fever took salicylate more frequently than control subjects with fever (P < .01). In addition, salicylate consumption was correlated with severity of Reye's syndrome (P < .05). It is postulated that salicylate, operating in a dose-dependent manner, possibly potentiated by fever, represents a primary causative agent of Reye's syndrome.
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PMID:Reye's syndrome and salicylate use. 745 76

The signs and symptoms of 105 patients with secondary syphilis were evaluated in a clinic for treatment of sexually transmissible diseases. The symptoms were, in order of decreasing frequency, pruritus, 44 patients; sore throat, 16; headache, nine; muscle aches, nine; fever, five; meningismus, three; loss of scalp hair, three; loss of appetite, two; loss of weight, two; and visual disturbances, one. The dominant morphologic characteristics of the lesions, in order of decreasing frequency, were maculopapular, 73 patients; papular, 13; macular, 10; annular papular, six; papulopustular, two; and psoriasiform papular, one. Almost a fourth of the patients were not aware that they had mucocutaneous lesions, and > 20% of patients had inconspicuous lesions. The distributions and morphologic features of the lesions of eight patients (7.6%) suggested other dermatoses.
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PMID:The signs and symptoms of secondary syphilis. 745 63

The styloid process is a slender spike-like bony process that is attached to the base of the skull that has been of interest to physicians for centuries. From this process is the attachment for five structures--three muscles and two ligaments are attached to it. Any of these soft tissues of the styloid process are prone to be torn due to trauma by way of detachment of the periosteum from the bone. These lesions may occur from auto accidents, falls, sports injuries, to prolonged medical or dental procedures requiring excessive mouth opening. The detachment of Sharpey's fibres results in the release of noxious chemicals such as kinins, histamines, prostaglandins, etc, which can produce a withdrawal reflex, causing muscle tension, ischaemia, spasm and pain. Pain transmission via C fibres may induce a host of autonomic responses as well. We have observed 11 common pains and symptoms that are associated with soft tissue lesions of the styloid process and stylomandibular ligament. They are (1) headaches localised in the anterior temporal fossa, (2) sore throat and difficulty swallowing in the absence of inflammation, (3) pain radiating to the temporomandibular joint and ear, (4) voice alteration, (5) dry, non-productive cough, (6) pain in the masseter muscle, (7) restricted mandibular opening or the "closed lock", (8) development of the "open lock", (9) sinusitis, congested stuffy nose or post nasal drip, (10) tinnitus, and (11) excessive lacrimation and bloodshot eyes. A few drops of local anesthetic into the styloid process and stylomandibular ligament attachment can temporarily relieve the pain and symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Temporal headaches and associated symptoms relating to the styloid process and its attachments. 760 81

In August 1994, an epidemic of acute febrile illness occurred at the Education Center Building of a company in Shibuya-ku, Tokyo. All 43 trainees attended in two groups and 2 staff members of the Center fell ill. The 45 patients came to one of our hospitals in two groups, and 35 patients were treated. The patients were 4 males and 31 females, and the average age was 29.0 years. The duration until falling ill was 36 to 90 hours after entering the Center. Symptoms were fever, lumbago arthralgia, headache, dyspnea, general fatigue, etc. Physical examination revealed slightly injected mucosa of the pharynx in a patient who complained of a sore throat. On laboratory examination, leukocytosis with a left shift of the nucleus and elevation of serum CRP levels were found. Erythromycin (600 mg, daily) and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were given by mouth to almost every patient. Two patients were hospitalized. The illness was self-limited, generally lasting from two to five days. Strains of legionellae isolated from the water of the cooling tower located at the top of the Center, were identified as L. pneumophila serogroup 7. Since seroconversion in a patient against the cooling tower strain from 1:16 to 1:256 was determined and the clinical courses agreed with the definition of Pontiac fever by Glick et al, we concluded that the epidemic was an outbreak of Pontiac fever due to L. pneumophila serogroup 7. Pontiac fever is considered to be one of the community-acquired diseases. Thus, we have to note that Pontiac fever may be misdiagnosed as we examine patients who complain of the symptoms noted above.
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PMID:[An outbreak of Pontiac fever due to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 7. I. Clinical aspects]. 761 10

This study aimed to investigate the pain and activity levels of patients for a 5-day period following gynecological day surgery. Patients recorded their degree of pain and activity on visual analogue scales in a diary; completed diaries were returned by 54.9% of the patients approached (106 of 193). The median age of the women was 28.5 years (range, 15-55 years). Each procedure was classified as either open or closed surgery, depending upon whether an incision was necessary. Most (63.2%) of the patients required analgesics on the first morning after their surgery. Open surgery patients experienced significantly more pain for at least 3 postoperative days and were less active until the fifth day (P < 0.05 by Mann-Whitney tests). Drowsiness (47.2%), nausea (30.2%), and headache (30.2%) were the most common adverse effects experienced in the first postoperative morning. The incidence of adverse effects declined over the five days, but a minority of patients still suffered with headache (14.2%), drowsiness (9.4%), sore throat (7.5%), and nausea (5.3%) on the fifth day following surgery. The percentage of patients who experienced constipation peaked at 19.8% on the second day, most likely reflecting the consumption of codeine-containing analgesics on the first and second postoperative days. While day surgery has an important role in many forms of gynecological surgery, the potential discomfort and recovery time following day surgery should not be underestimated.
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PMID:An investigation of pain experience and management following gynecological day surgery: differences between open and closed surgery. 767 69

One hundred and thirty-seven patients were randomly allocated to receive halothane anaesthesia for intra-ocular surgery either by IPPV (n = 71) or breathing spontaneously (n = 66). Both techniques provided satisfactory operating conditions in 87% and 80% of procedures, respectively. Intra-ocular pressure was reduced in a similar majority of patients, rose in a similar percentage (spontaneous = 11%, controlled = 21%) and remained unchanged in a few. Surgeons' reports of good operative conditions correlated very well with intra-ocular pressure changes whether they rose or fell intra-operatively. The duration of anaesthesia and the time taken to achieve full recovery following the two techniques were similar. Post-operative vomiting, headache, sore throat and confusion occurred with similar frequency, and analgesic and antiemetic requirements were not influenced by the technique. Resumption of ambulation, oral intake and micturation occurred similarly. In both groups, patients with a low normal pre-operative intra-ocular pressure tended to show a rise in intra-ocular pressure during anaesthesia, and those with a high normal pre-operative intra-ocular pressure tended to show a fall.
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PMID:Spontaneous respiration versus controlled ventilation anaesthesia with halothane for intra-ocular surgery. 778 34


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