Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During and after a Rift Valley fever (RVF) epidemic in Southern Mauritania we collected 600 clinical observations. 348 were confirmed to be RVF cases. We described 5 major clinical aspects: mild, icteric, icterohemorrhagic, hemorrhagic and neurological forms. The first one is the most frequently seen with 42.8% of the cases at admission. Fever was associated with various pains (cephalalgia, myalgia, arthralgia) and an important asthenia. Inconsistently this syndrome was accompanied by epistaxis and conjunctival hyperemia. The icteric form, never described before, is an icterus occurring during evolution of a mild form. It represents 28.5% of total cases at admission. The great number of theses mild forms implies that they could be used as excellent markers for an epidemic emergence.
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PMID:[Mild clinical forms of Rift Valley fever during the epidemic in Mauritania]. 263 71

During the past two years, sporadic cases of a rickettsial-like illness were reported in humans living in the Southeastern United States. The illness was serologically similar to Ehrlichia canis infections in dogs. It resembled spotless Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever but was differentiated from this infection serologically with acute and convalescent sera showing increasing titers to Ehrlichia canis. E. canis infection should be suspected in patients with fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, gastrointestinal symptoms, relative bradycardia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and a recent exposure to either dogs or ticks. Although recovery has been observed in humans without treatment, prompt therapy with tetracycline is advised before obtaining results of serologic studies because an immunologically similar illness in untreated dogs has been lethal.
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PMID:Ehrlichia canis: a tick-borne rickettsial-like infection in humans living in the southeastern United States. 264 78

This clinical study compared the healing capacities of sucralfate and ranitidine in the treatment of gastric ulcer. Sixty patients were assigned at random to treatment with either sucralfate (1 g four times per day) or ranitidine (150 mg twice per day). The patients underwent endoscopy before inclusion in the study, after four weeks, and after eight weeks if the ulcers had not completely healed after the fourth week (phase I). Patients whose ulcers had healed were invited to participate in phase II, consisting of maintenance treatment for one year. The dosage was 1 g sucralfate twice per day or 150 mg ranitidine before going to bed. The patients underwent a clinical examination every three months and endoscopy every six months, and whenever symptoms suggested a relapse. After four weeks, the ulcers in 53 percent of the sucralfate-treated patients (16 of 30) had healed, compared with 56 percent of the ranitidine-treated patients (17 of 30). After eight weeks, the cumulative healing rates were 83 percent (25 of 30) and 86 percent (26 of 30), respectively. At the six-month follow-up visit, the relapse rates were seven of 21 (33.3 percent) in the sucralfate group and nine of 18 (50 percent) in the ranitidine group. After 12 months, the accumulative relapse rates were eight of 18 (44.4 percent) and nine of 18 (50.0 percent). The only side effects worth noting were mild constipation in four patients treated with sucralfate. One patient in the ranitidine group had myalgia and one reported headache in phase I. In conclusion, sucralfate appears to be as effective as ranitidine in the short-term treatment of gastric ulcers and in relapse prophylaxis.
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PMID:Sucralfate versus ranitidine in the treatment of gastric ulcer. Randomized clinical results in short-term and maintenance therapy. 266 May 62

Zidovudine (azidothymidine) is a thymidine analogue antiretroviral drug active against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients, orally and intravenously administered zidovudine is effective in reducing the incidence of opportunistic infections and neoplasms, increasing helper T lymphocyte numbers, and improving survival rates and quality of life. Adverse effects include serious haematological abnormalities and severe headache, abdominal discomfort, nausea, myalgia and insomnia. In addition, neutropenia and other anaemias frequently limit zidovudine therapy and may result in a need for multiple blood transfusions, dose reductions or withdrawal of the drug. However, despite these problems and the lack of information about some aspects of zidovudine use, zidovudine provides a major hope for HIV-infected patients, and it has rapidly become the standard therapy for improving the quality and duration of the lives of AIDS and ARC patients.
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PMID:Zidovudine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy. 266 Nov 94

The treatment of severe anemia related to end-stage renal disease with recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO; EPOGEN, [epoetin alfa] AMGEN Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA) has been investigated in more than 1,500 hemodialysis patients worldwide. The goal of r-HuEPO therapy is to maintain the hematocrit level at 35%, with a recommended starting dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight, administered intravenously after each dialysis three times a week for 6 to 12 weeks. Hematocrit levels should be measured at least once a week and the dose adjusted in increments or decrements of 10 mg/kg to 25 mg/kg to keep the hematocrit level between 33% and 40%. Patients receiving r-HuEPO must be normotensive. A history of seizures has been cause for exclusion from clinical trials. Patients' iron status should also be adequate at the onset of therapy, which is defined as a serum ferritin level of 100 ng/mL or more, and a transferrin saturation of more than 20%. Iron status and BP must be carefully monitored, and abnormalities corrected with iron supplementation, ultrafiltration, or antihypertensive medication. The lack of controlled studies makes determination of the actual incidence of side effects difficult, but it appears to be minimal. Possible side effects of r-HuEPO therapy include hypertension, seizures, myalgia, malaise, headache, gastrointestinal distress, and injected conjunctiva. The major benefits of r-HuEPO therapy are reduced need for transfusion and marked improvement in quality-of-life parameters.
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PMID:Who should receive recombinant human erythropoietin? 266 84

Mediterranean Spotted Fever is a disease caused by Rickettsia conorii. It is endemic to the Mediterranean area, where, for the last few years, the number of cases has increased, possibly due, in part, to climatic factors. The main clinical aspects of a prospective series of 246 cases diagnosed from 1983 to 1988 are presented. The most characteristic manifestations were fever, exanthema and tache noire. Other frequent manifestations were headache, myalgia and arthralgia, and with lesser frequency, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, gastrointestinal symptoms and conjunctivitis. Notable analytical changes are the rise of hepatic and muscular enzymes in a large number of patients. In some cases we have found signs of myositis in muscular biopsy. The evolution of our patients was usually favorable though serious and even deadly forms of the disease have been described. One of the factors that seems to greatly influence the appearance of these forms is delay in the initiation of effective treatment.
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PMID:New trends in Mediterranean spotted fever. 269 Dec 73

Lyme disease, which is caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, usually begins with a characteristic skin lesion erythema chronicum migrans (ECM), that may be followed by neurological or cardiac abnormalities and is accompanied by malaise, fatigue, fever, myalgia, headache, lymphadenopathy and is often followed by arthritis. The disease takes its name from Lyme, Connecticut, where the full spectrum of illness was first described in 1975. It is known to be a multisystemic infectious disease. Because culture and direct visualisation of spirochetes are often negative in Lyme disease, serological testing has been the only practical laboratory aid in diagnosis and primarily clinical findings.
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PMID:[Lyme disease]. 269 64

Fifty-nine virologically confirmed cases of dengue fever were clinically studied during the 1987 outbreak in southern Taiwan. Viral isolation and serologic studies indicated that type 1 dengue was the cause. Dengue fever has not been on the island of Taiwan for 42 years and nearly all the population under 42 years of age is susceptible. Most patients under age 42 experience primary infection while those over 42 years old experience secondary infection. The majority of 59 cases studied were females in the 21-30-year age group. Classic signs and symptoms ere fever, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, nausea and vomiting, and skin rash. Approximately 80% of the patients had leukopenia (less than 5,000/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (less than 50,000/mm3) and 90% experienced mild to moderate elevation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. Hemorrhagic manifestations occurred in 25.4% of patients. No patients under observation in this study developed hypotension or died.
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PMID:Clinical observations of virologically confirmed dengue fever in the 1987 outbreak in southern Taiwan. 273 66

From November 1987 to October 1988, seventy-seven cases diagnosed as dengue fever and confirmed by viral culture or serological examination in the Pediatric Department of Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital were studied. In nearly two thirds (64.9%) of the total cases, the ages were between 10 and 14 years old. No significant sexual difference could be found in this study. Two peaks of cases distribution occurred at November 1987 and October 1988. The major clinical manifestations of Dengue Fever were fever, headache, skin rash and cough. Nearly half of the total cases had nausea, vomiting, myalgia and skin itching. 29 cases (37.7%) had hemorrhagic complications during the course of disease. The most common features of hemorrhage was petechiae followed by epistaxis. Two cases were confirmed as hemorrhagic dengue fever and one was also dengue shock syndrome. Most (92.5%) of the cases had body temperatures over 38.5 degrees C at the onset of the disease. The mean duration of fever was 5.9 days. No fatality was found. It is concluded that eradication of vectors in the school environment might be one of the major points of disease control according to the age distribution of this study. The appearance of hemorrhagic dengue fever is a major problem and should be closely followed by clinicians and workers of public health in Taiwan.
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PMID:[Clinical observations of dengue fever among children]. 273 67

Between August 1982 and December 1985, seven patients at a children's hospital developed hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila. Demographic data included the following: mean age 12.3 years (range 9 months to 20.5 years); male/female ratio 5:2; all patients were white. Some previously identified risk factors present in our patients included high-dose corticosteroid therapy (five patients), other immunosuppressive therapy (four), and chronic lung (five) or kidney (three) disease. Symptoms and signs included rapid onset, fever, cough, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache. Rhinitis, myalgia, and neurologic abnormalities were not noted. Chest roentgenograms revealed single-lobe consolidation in three patients, diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates in three, and pleural effusion in three. All patients were treated with erythromycin; three patients also received rifampin. Tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were required by four patients. Six patients improved after therapy. One child died of persistent lung disease 1 month after the onset of legionnaires disease. L. pneumophila was isolated from potable water in the hospital. Aerosol equipment cleansed with tap water and the showers were implicated as means of exposure by patients to contaminated potable water. No new nosocomial cases were seen after immunocompromised children were prohibited from taking showers, and sterile water was used to cleanse equipment for administering aerosol medications.
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PMID:Nosocomial legionnaires disease in a children's hospital. 273 94


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