Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The dihydropyridine calcium antagonist nitrendipine offers a pathophysiologically based antihypertensive treatment with a potent dilation of resistance vessels, increased arterial compliance, and an acute natriuretic/diuretic response. Prolonged nitrendipine treatment in essential hypertension is not associated with stimulation of the sympathetic nervous and the renin-angiotensin systems or accumulation of sodium and water. The antihypertensive effectiveness is similar to that of diuretics and beta-blockers, and the responsiveness appears to be greater in elderly and black patients. During long-term (approximately 1 year) nitrendipine treatment in mild to moderate hypertension, the blood pressure reduction is well sustained in "short-term" nitrendipine responders. In patients with severe hypertension, nitrendipine has a potent antihypertensive effect in combination with beta-blockers and/or diuretics. In mild-moderate hypertension, a single daily dose (10-40 mg) may be sufficient, whereas two daily doses (20-80 mg/day) seem necessary in severe hypertension. Common side effects are headache, flush, and palpitations (approximately 20-30%), but these are generally mild and transient. Dizziness and malaise occur in approximately 5%, often later during treatment. Peripheral edema in 5-20% of the patients is generally mild but persistent. Nitrendipine has no adverse effects on glucose and lipid metabolism or on plasma levels of electrolytes and urate. The ultimate aim of antihypertensive treatment is to prevent cardiovascular complications. As for other calcium antagonists, no study on primary prevention of cardiovascular complications in hypertension has been published. With regard to regression of left ventricular hypertrophy accompanying essential hypertension, conflicting results have been found with nitrendipine.
 ...
PMID:Review of long-term trials with nitrendipine. 246 50

Oral prolecohen (LEK, Yugoslavia) was given in a single dose of 300 mg to 15 patients with extrasystole of various genesis. The drug produced an antiarrhythmic effect in 50% of patients with ventricular extrasystole, but in those with supraventricular extrasystole. Prolecophenum showed a good tolerance. In 20% of the patients the adverse reactions appeared as mild headache, dizziness, dry mouth, malaise in the epigastric region. There is also evidence for efficacy of other antiarrhythmic agents used in this group of patients.
 ...
PMID:[Anti-arrhythmia effect of prolecophen in patients with extrasystole in comparison with other anti-arrhythmia drugs]. 248 81

Longitudinal surveillance of pneumonia in a university student health service was conducted from 1965-1971 and 1984-1987. Of 104 pneumonia cases documented by chest x-ray, only six were presumed to have bacterial etiology; the remaining 98 were characteristic of atypical pneumonia syndrome. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the etiology in 51% of the pneumonias in the 1960s and 13% in 1984-1987. Pneumonia incidence was highest in the fall semester in seven of 11 years studied. Annual incidence followed a three- to four-year periodicity. Both of these observations mirror the epidemiology of M. pneumoniae in the world population. Symptoms of cough, headache, malaise, and absence of the physical finding of wheezing were seen more consistently in M. pneumoniae pneumonia than in other atypical pneumonias; other clinical features varied among epidemics. Rapid cold agglutinin tests were positive in 27% of our clinically diagnosed pneumonias and in 36% of those with documented mycoplasmal infections. This study appears to provide a basis for predicting future epidemics of atypical pneumonia in student populations.
 ...
PMID:Epidemic pneumonia in university students. 251 60

To investigate the pharmacokinetics and effects of intravenous foscarnet, 13 relatively healthy male patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and a mean CD4+ lymphocyte value of 0.45 x 10(-9) cells per liter were given a continuous intravenous infusion of foscarnet (0.14 to 0.19 mg/kg per min) for 8 to 21 days. Blood and urine samples were taken during and after drug administration to monitor foscarnet concentrations. Lumbar puncture was performed during the infusion in five patients. The concentrations in plasma showed large variations both within and between patients. The disposition of foscarnet could be explained by a triexponential equation (t1/2 lambda 1, 0.40 to 2.52 h; t1/2 lambda 2, 3.20 to 16.7 h; t1/2 lambda 3, 36 to 196 h). Renal clearance accounted for most of the plasma clearance, the difference probably reflecting the passage of foscarnet into bone. Up to 20% of the cumulative dose may have been deposited in bone 7 days postinfusion. Foscarnet was distributed to the cerebrospinal fluid in a concentration varying from 13 to 68% of the simultaneous concentration in plasma. Polyuria and polydipsia were recorded in all patients. There appears to be an association between the degree of malaise, including symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and headache, and concentrations in plasma above 350 mumol/liter.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetics of foscarnet and distribution to cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous infusion in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 252 39

Eight patients with advanced, previously treated non-small cell lung cancer inhaled natural leukocyte interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) from a dosimeter-equipped jet nebulizer. Single doses of IFN ranged from 1 x 10(6) to 120 x 10(6) IU. Serum IFN was undetectable after single doses of 1 x 10(6) to 18 x 10(6) IU, but 60 x 10(6) IU resulted in measurable levels of circulating IFN in 3 out of 6 patients. All 5 patients who inhaled 120 x 10(6) IU had between 11 and 35 IU of IFN per milliliter of serum for at least 12 h. No systemic or local side effects were observed after 1 x 10(6) to 18 x 10(6) IU, but doses of 60 x 10(6) to 120 x 10(6) IU resulted in temperature rise, headache, and malaise. All symptoms started within 3-6 h, reached their peak by 8-10 h, and lasted until 12-24 h after inhalation. A decrease (greater than 20%) in peak expiratory flow following inhalation was temporarily found in 2 patients. We conclude that IFN, given by inhalation, penetrates into the blood stream, thus causing systemic side effects similar to those described after systemic IFN administration and, in addition, occasionally reversible airflow obstruction.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of inhaled human interferon-alpha in patients with lung cancer. 254 97

Ocular complications occurring in temporal arteritis are of different severities. These manifestations of the disease occurred in a population of 57 patients with diagnosis of temporal arteritis, in 16 of them (28%). The diagnosis was suggested by finding an inflammatory syndrome (high erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and confirmed by temporal artery biopsy. In making this diagnosis, it was helpful to find a history of characteristic temporal headaches, neckache, jaw claudication, fever and malaise or weight loss in addition to polymyalgia and polyarthralgia. 6 patients presented with diplopia and different ocular muscle or nerve palsies. The 10 others came for sudden loss of vision due to ischemic anterior or posterior neuropathy and in one case, central artery obliteration. Prompt treatment with steroids gave good results on oculomotor troubles and in preventing the risk of involvement of the fellow eye. But loss of vision did not regress with this treatment. That means the importance in making this diagnosis and starting very promptly this treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Eye manifestations of Horton's disease]. 259 Sep 88

Diarrhea affects approximately 330,000 travelers from industrialized nations each year. Diarrhea is a reflection of inadequate hygiene or waste disposal in the countries visited, usually developing countries. The greatest incidence occurs in 20-29 years olds who take the most dietary risks. Some foods that pose the greatest risk in descending order include raw oysters, steak tartare, ice cubes, washed vegetables, cold milk, puddings, and sandwiches with mixed fillings. 40% of all travelers have a self limiting and rarely grave diarrheal illness caused by local enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Following an incubation period of 5-9 days, symptoms appear (cramps, fever, and 10 or more diarrheal episodes/day). 5% are infected with Giardia lamblia and 4% with Entamoeba histolytica. Giardiasis occurs worldwide and is characterized by grumbling diarrhea, cramps, and flatulence. E. histolytica causes a severe illness characterized by colitis with bloody stools, anorexia, malaise, sweats, weight loss, and epigastric pain. Only 10-100 Shigella bacteria are required by cause shigellosis. Symptoms include blood and mucus in the diarrhea and malaise. A traveler who ingests food with 100,000 Salmonella bacteria in it most likely will fall ill 48 hours after eating the contaminated food. Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers have an incubation period of about 12 days and may be fatal. Initial symptoms consists of headache, malaise, fever, and pain and 2 weeks later bloody diarrhea appears. Additional common diarrheal illnesses include cholera, post infectious tropical malabsorption, and those caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Campylobacter species. Another disease common in areas of poor hygiene is poliomyelitis with fever, sore throat, and headache present in mild forms. If the virus invades the central nervous system, however, paralysis occurs.
 ...
PMID:Exotic diarrhoeal problems and poliomyelitis. 259 59

The observations are reported of 289 patients receiving rabies diploid vaccine Merieux. The infrequent postvaccination reactions (14%) included mainly local reactions with reddening, oedema and painfulness at the injection site. These changes were short-lasting and regressed spontaneously in most cases. Systemic reactions included mainly fever with malaise (2%), headaches and low mood (1.7%). These reactions were also short-lasting and left no sequelae. Allergic reactions of the type of hyperergic purpura and urticaria were found in isolated cases only (0.3%).
 ...
PMID:[Post-vaccination reactions to diploid rabies vaccine]. 261 98

During the past two years, sporadic cases of a rickettsial-like illness were reported in humans living in the Southeastern United States. The illness was serologically similar to Ehrlichia canis infections in dogs. It resembled spotless Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever but was differentiated from this infection serologically with acute and convalescent sera showing increasing titers to Ehrlichia canis. E. canis infection should be suspected in patients with fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, gastrointestinal symptoms, relative bradycardia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and a recent exposure to either dogs or ticks. Although recovery has been observed in humans without treatment, prompt therapy with tetracycline is advised before obtaining results of serologic studies because an immunologically similar illness in untreated dogs has been lethal.
 ...
PMID:Ehrlichia canis: a tick-borne rickettsial-like infection in humans living in the southeastern United States. 264 78

Fifteen patients with advanced metastatic adenocarcinomas were treated in a phase-I study with continuous intravenous 24 h infusion of recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in order to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and associated side-effects. Patients received 40-400 micrograms/m2 TNF-alpha once (arm A) or twice (arm B) weekly for a scheduled treatment period of 2 months. The observed systemic side-effects resembled those reported for interferons and included fever, chills, fatigue, headaches, myalgias, thrombocytopenia, prostration, and malaise. Dose-limiting toxicities, resulting in a median MTD of 200 micrograms/m2 for 24 h, were fever, chills, fatigue, myalgias, and thrombocytopenia. Out of 15 patients, 11 showed tumor progression, and 3 sustained in no change for over 2 months of treatment. A minor response was seen in 1 patient with a colorectal carcinoma and liver metastases. To reduce side-effects, patients were treated either with paracetamol or indomethacin. Higher MTDs were observed in patients treated with indomethacin. No detectable plasma TNF-alpha levels or TNF antibodies were measured under therapy (plasma TNF-alpha less than 20 pg/ml). We conclude that TNF-alpha appears to have some antineoplastic activity in patients with adenocarcinomas since 4 patients remained in no change or showed a minor response.
 ...
PMID:Phase-I trial of intravenous continuous infusion of tumor necrosis factor in advanced metastatic carcinomas. 265 35


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>