Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A biographic and clinical investigation of 101 patients with hyperprolactinemia and/or galactorrhea is reported. Fifty-one patients were reared without their fathers and 18 with an alcoholic, violent one. These situations were uncommon in the control population, and the differences were statistically significant. There was a high frequency of complaints of obesity, headaches, frigidity, lightheadedness, and fullness of the abdomen, limbs, or face. There was a significant temporal correlation of external events in the natural history with onset or worsening of the symptoms. It is concluded that exposure during childhood to an environment characterized by an absent or alcoholic, violent father conditions some women to develop hyperprolactinemia and/or galactorrhea later in life as a response to specific environmental changes. These conclusions apply similarly to patients with prolactinoma, idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, and euprolactinemic galactorrhea, suggesting a close relationship among the 3 entities.
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PMID:Psychosomatic factors in patients with hyperprolactinemia and/or galactorrhea. 718 68

The safety and tolerability of dolasetron mesylate, a potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, were evaluated after single intravenous doses in healthy male volunteers. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, phase I study, 80 subjects received either placebo or dolasetron in escalating doses (0.6 to 5.0 mg/k). Subjects were monitored for adverse events, vital sign and laboratory alterations, and changes in electrocardiographic (ECG) intervals and electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns. Overall, the percentage of subjects reporting adverse events was similar in those receiving dolasetron (44/64; 68.8%) or placebo (10/16; 62.5%); most adverse events were mild in severity. Subjects receiving dolasetron reported a higher incidence of central nervous system (headache and dizziness/lightheadedness), gastrointestinal (increased appetite and nausea), and visual adverse events and taste alterations. No clinically significant changes in laboratory variables were observed. Transient and asymptomatic ECG changes (small mean increases in PR interval and QRS complex duration versus baseline) were noted in several subjects at 1 to 2 hours after infusion at doses > or = 3.0 mg/kg. Transient, mild blood pressure decreases were observed in five subjects, including one on placebo. Dolastron mesylate was well tolerated in single intravenous doses up to 5.0 mg/kg in healthy male volunteers. Clinical studies of the drug are ongoing for antiemetic indications.
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PMID:A double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging safety evaluation of single-dose intravenous dolasetron in healthy male volunteers. 756 Feb 51

Twenty-four asymptomatic, HIV-1-seropositive subjects with CD4 cell counts of > or = 400/microliters participated in a Phase I/II, dose escalation trial of intravenous L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC: Procysteine). Four groups of six subjects each were consecutively assigned to receive OTC at an initial dose of 3, 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg, followed by the same dose given twice weekly for 6 weeks. Increases in whole-blood glutathione were observed in the highest dosage group after 6 weeks of therapy. No effects on changes in CD4 cell counts, viral load, or proviral DNA frequency were observed among the four dosage groups, although a decline in beta 2-microglobulin levels was apparent in the highest dosage group. One subject withdrew due to headaches; other probable adverse events including rash, flushing, pruritus, lightheadedness, and diminished concentration were self-limited.
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PMID:A phase I/II trial of intravenous L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (procysteine) in asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects. 790 62

Virtual reality (VR) has become increasingly well-known over the last few years. However, little is known about the side-effects of prolonged immersion in VR. This study set out to investigate the frequency of occurrence and severity of side-effects of using an immersion VR system. Out of 146 subjects, 61% reported symptoms of malaise at some point during a 20-min immersion and 10-min post-immersion period. These ranged from symptoms such as dizziness, stomach awareness, headaches, eyestrain and lightheadedness to severe nausea. These symptoms caused 5% of the subjects to withdraw from the experiment before completing their 20-min immersion period. Further research needs to be conducted that attempts to identify those factors that play a causative role in the side-effects of the VR system, and that looks for methods of reducing these side-effects.
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PMID:The frequency of occurrence and severity of side-effects of immersion virtual reality. 807 26

The objective of this paper is to study the effect of amitriptyline on a young woman with symptoms of lightheadedness, palpitations, somnolence and fatigue. We conducted a single case (N-of-1) randomized trial including three pairs of treatment periods. Each pair included one four-week period when the patient was receiving amitriptyline and one four-week period when the patient was receiving placebo. The clinical setting was a secondary care internal medicine practice. During active treatment periods, amitriptyline was given in a dose of 100 mg each evening. Efficacy symptoms included lightheadedness, headaches and somnolence/fatigue. Side-effects of dry mouth and constipation were also monitored. Each symptom was rated on a seven point scale in which higher numbers denoted fewer symptoms. For the combined efficacy score, the mean difference in scores and the associated standard error was in favour of amitriptyline. The most profound effect was on sleepiness. These differences represent clinically important treatment effects. Dry mouth and constipation were worse on the active drug, but differences did not reach statistical significance. Our experience suggests the usefulness of N-of-1 randomized trials in outpatient medical practice, including psychiatric practice.
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PMID:A diagnostic and therapeutic N-of-1 randomized trial. 851 76

MK-462 is a potent, selective 5HT1D receptor agonist which may be useful in treating acute migraine. We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled inpatient study to assess the preliminary efficacy and safety of oral doses of MK-462 20 mg (n = 8) and 40 mg (n = 36) vs placebo (n = 21), administered to 65 male and post-menopausal female migraine patients aged 22-51 with moderate or severe migraine headache. Headache severity and functional disability were measured at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 h post-dose. The 20 mg dose was well tolerated and 4/8 patients obtained relief in headache severity at the 2 h time point. The 40 mg dose was well tolerated and was significantly (p < 0.05) superior to placebo at the 1.5 and 2 h time points (with 27/36 or 75% obtaining relief at 2 h compared to 7/21 or 33% for placebo). Adverse events occurred in 50% of patients on 20 mg MK-462, 72% of those on 40 mg MK-462, and in 52% of placebo-treated subjects. The most common adverse events associated with MK-462 were drowsiness (20 mg 12%; 40 mg 44%; placebo 24%), dry mouth (40 mg 36%; placebo 19%), and lightheadedness/dizziness (40 mg 17%; placebo 10%). Based on these preliminary results, MK-462 appears worthy of continued study for the treatment of acute migraine.
Cephalalgia 1996 Apr
PMID:Pilot study of MK-462 in migraine. 866 77

Selective 5-HT3 antagonists have proven to be safe and effective for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Dolasetron is a new highly selective addition to this class of antiemetics that has been shown to have significant antiemetic activity in patients receiving cisplatin-containing regimens. This pilot study was designed to evaluate the antiemetic efficacy of dolasetron in cancer patients receiving doxorubicin and/or cyclophosphamide. This study used an open-label, non-randomized design to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous dolasetron in the prevention of emesis in patients receiving doxorubicin (25-75 mg/m2) and/or cyclophosphamide (400-1200 mg/m2). Sixty-nine patients received a single, intravenous dose of dolasetron over 15-20 min beginning 30 min prior to the start of chemotherapy. Dose levels of dolasetron studied were: 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 mg/kg. Patients were monitored for emesis, nausea and adverse events for 24h after the start of chemotherapy. Overall, 61% of patients experienced complete control of emesis. No significant trend towards increased antiemetic efficacy (P = 0.076) or nausea control with increasing dolasetron dose was noted, although the power to detect significant differences was limited by the small number of patients on the 0.3-mg/kg and 2.4-mg/kg dose levels. Age, gender, and type of chemotherapy were significant predictors of complete antiemetic control. Adverse events were generally mild and included headache, chills, lightheadedness, fever, diarrhea, dizziness, and asymptomatic prolongation of ECG intervals. Intravenous dolasetron is safe and effective in the prevention of emesis induced by doxorubicin and/or cyclophosphamide.
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PMID:Dose-ranging evaluation of the antiemetic efficacy of intravenous dolasetron in patients receiving chemotherapy with doxorubicin or cyclophosphamide. 867 51

Side effects associated with administration of repetitive intravenous dihydroergotamine (DHE) were prospectively studied in 72 patients with chronic daily headache who were hospitalized in a dedicated inpatient headache treatment program. All patients received 11 consecutive doses of DHE, starting with 0.25 mg and increasing by 0.25 mg up to a maximum dose of 1.25 mg, depending on side effects and/or headache relief. The adverse events were recorded after each dose administered. The great majority of patients (91.6%) reported at least one side effect. The most common were: nausea (72.2%), increase in previous headache (47.2%), lightheadedness (33.3%), "new" headache (27.8%), and leg cramps (23.6%). The overall number of side effect complaints did not increase proportionally with the strength of the dose of DHE administered. These complaints declined from the earlier to the later doses of DHE, except for leg cramps, which were more common with the later doses. Side effects determined the strength of subsequent doses of DHE in only 18.1% of patients. Only four patients had to have a decrease in dosage and none required termination of DHE due to side effects. Although repetitive intravenous DHE causes frequent side effects, they are usually mild and transient and decrease with subsequent doses, even at higher doses.
Headache 1996 May
PMID:Early and transient side effects of repetitive intravenous dihydroergotamine. 868 69

The plasma prolactin response to a single-dose fenfluramine challenge is increasingly utilized in psychiatric research as an indirect and noninvasive measure of central serotonergic activity. However, the influences of age, gender, and body weight on prolactin response and characterization of physical and psychological symptoms evoked by fenfluramine remain poorly studied. In the current study, 83 nonpatient male and female volunteers, 25-60 years old, were administered a standardized fenfluramine challenge test (60 mg). Serial blood samples for plasma drug concentration and plasma prolactin concentration were obtained and side effects reported by participants were recorded. Analyses revealed that both plasma drug concentration and prolactin response were correlated with weight-relative dose (r = 0.43 and r = 0.38, respectively; p < 0.001). No significant relationship was noted between prolactin response and either age or gender. Symptoms during fenfluramine challenge were reported by 90% of subjects, most commonly fatigue, headache, lightheadedness, and difficulty concentrating. Overall side effect severity was related to weight-relative dose (r = 0.26; p < 0.05) and prolactin response (r = 0.42; p < 0.001). We conclude that fenfluramine challenge results should be reported as change in plasma prolactin relative to dose, and that in nonpatient samples the test is associated with frequent side effects.
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PMID:D,L-fenfluramine challenge test: experience in nonpatient sample. 873 16

The effectiveness of ramped hypertonic sodium dialysis (RHSD) is controversial because of the prevalence of side effects (weight gain and hypertension). Standard dialysis (SD) was therefore compared with RHSD in a double-blind controlled crossover trial. Eleven patients who suffered from symptoms attributable to water shifts from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid (headaches or hangover) or extracellular-fluid volume contraction (cramps or lightheadedness) and five asymptomatic patients were enrolled in the study. RHSD was individually tailored to each patient (to minimize thirst) during a 2-wk run-in period. Patients then received RHSD and SD for a period of 3 wk in randomized sequence. Outcome measures were both objective and subjective ratings on questionnaires. Significant differences were found between the two treatments, with RHSD improving specific problems (70% of lightheadedness/cramps, 100% of headaches/hangover) versus SD. Weight gain and hypertension were not different between the two treatments despite increased thirst sensation reported by 14/16.94% of patients preferred RHSD. Long-term studies in 20 different patients demonstrated the lack of increase in blood pressure or weight gain after 3 and 6 months of therapy.
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PMID:The benefits and side effects of ramped hypertonic sodium dialysis. 898 53


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