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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case histories of two patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, who developed central nervous system complication during combined chemotherapy are described. The neurological picture could be characterized by symptoms of headache, mental deterioration, hemiparesis and seizures. Following L-asparaginase administration one patient had intracranial thrombosis with focal seizures and hemiparesis associated with clotting abnormalities, including severe hypofibrinogenemia and decreased antithrombin III activity. In the other patient, it was after intrathecal administration of Methotrexate when mental deterioration associated with the symptoms of progressive leukoencephalopathy occurred. It arises the possibility that with increasing complexity of combined chemotherapy the occurrence rate of neurological complications will also increase.
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PMID:[Neurologic complications during chemotherapy of children with acute lymphoid leukemia]. 157 51

Twenty-five patients (10 neonates, 15 children) with cerebral venous thromboses diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography over a 10-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Two groups were analyzed separately because of their differing modes of presentation and outcome. Eighty percent of neonates presented with seizures and the outcomes were unfavorable in more than 50%. Thrombosis usually was associated with an acute systemic illness, such as shock or dehydration. In comparison, headache was the most common mode of presentation in the older children (excluding infants) and their outcomes generally were favorable. Thrombosis in this group usually occurred in the setting of a hypercoagulable state or an infectious process. In both groups, global or focal neurologic findings on initial examination unrelated to increased intracranial pressure correlated with the presence of an infarction on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Infants and children with infarction due to a deep venous thrombosis often had persistent neurologic disability at subsequent examination. No sequelae were observed in those children and neonates only with thrombosis or with superficial venous infarction. Treatment for both groups was conservative. No patient was anticoagulated specifically for the thrombosis. The good outcomes in most patients suggest that acute anticoagulation may not be indicated.
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PMID:Cerebral venous thrombosis in neonates and children. 158 Sep 53

We describe six boys with homozygous sickle cell disease, aged 7 to 13 years, in whom acute, severe neurologic abnormalities developed 1 to 11 days after partial exchange transfusion was performed to treat priapism that was unresponsive to more conservative therapy. Hemoglobin levels were 10.5 to 13.4 gm/dl (mean 12.1 gm/dl), and hemoglobin S levels were 18% to 33% (mean 27%) before the onset of neurologic complications. Severe headache was the initial finding in five patients, four of whom had increased intracranial pressure and three of whom required tracheal intubation and hyperventilation. Four patients had seizures; three had focal neurologic deficits for more than 24 hours. Cerebral arteriography demonstrated vascular abnormalities, including irregularity, stenosis, and complete occlusion of vessels. Patients treated with regular erythrocyte transfusions had no recurrence of neurologic signs or symptoms when hemoglobin S levels were kept at 30% to 50%. The occurrence of serious neurologic complications after partial exchange transfusion in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease from three centers indicates the possibility of a causal relationship between the events. Early and thorough investigation of neurologic symptoms, especially severe headache, is warranted in this clinical setting.
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PMID:Neurologic events after partial exchange transfusion for priapism in sickle cell disease. 143 48

11 cases of cerebral venous thrombosis in adults are reported. Main clinical signs are: intracranial hypertension (headache, nausea, papilledema in 7 cases, loss of consciousness in 6 cases, neurological deficit in 6 cases, seizure in 4 cases. 1 patient is dead, who did not receive heparin treatment. Delay before diagnosis is between 2 and 20 days, and is shortened when arteriography or MRI are available and prescribed. At least one (or several) CT examination was performed in 10 patients. Direct signs of thrombosis are uneasily detected without contrast injection, seen here in 4 cases. Empty delta sign is observed in 7 patients, lately in 4 cases, and once only afterwards. Cerebral infarction is visualized in 7 cases over 10. Its features frequently seem evocative for cerebral venous thrombosis: triangularin 4 cases or nodular shape in 3 cases with hemorragic infarct in 7 cases, with bilateral topography in 6 cases, in frontal or central areas in 7 cases. 6 patients had a MRI examination. All cerebral infarctions appeared haemorragical, even at early stages. During subacute period, venous thrombosis is constantly and easily detected by the mean of methemoglobin high signal intensity on T1 weighted images. The prediagnosis delay is short, without necessity of arteriography. MRI should take the place of CT and arteriography in investigation of a clinically suspected cerebral venous thrombosis.
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PMID:[Thrombosis of the cerebral veins. X-ray computed tomography and MRI imaging. 11 cases]. 160 50

Three operated cases of the interhemispheric arachnoid cyst were reported. Case 1: a 58-year-old female suffering from progressive right hemi-rigidity and gait disturbance for the past two years. Case 2: a 66-year-old female was admitted with chronic headache. MRI demonstrated a large interhemispheric cyst in these two patients. Case 3: a 6-month-old male had frequent episodes of tonic seizure. MRI demonstrated interhemispheric cyst and agenesis of the anterior part of corpus callosum. The resection of the cystic wall via the interhemispheric approach was performed for all cases. General convulsive seizure developed in the early stage following operation in case 1 and case 2, in spite of routine administration of prophylactic anticonvulsant. The seizures were well controlled thereafter. In all cases, the cyst disappeared on the follow up CT. Simple resection of cyst wall is effective in the surgical treatment of interhemispheric arachnoid cysts.
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PMID:[Interhemispheric arachnoid cyst; report of three cases]. 160 79

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) is reported. A 41-year-old male with a history of SLE starting in 1982 was admitted to our hospital in December 1989 because of headache and vertigo. Laboratory examinations on admission showed proteinuria, mild anemia, and positive antinuclear and anti-Sm antibodies. No abnormal findings except high pressure of 350 mmH2O were observed in his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Fundoscopic examinations showed marked bilateral papilledema and retinal bleeding. Brain CT, MRI and angiography revealed diffuse brain edema without space occupying lesion and cerebrovascular diseases. Because there were no diseases such as endocrinological disorders, severe anemia, and no history of the administration of drugs which might cause intracranial hypertension, the diagnosis of BIH was made. Subsequently, he was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone therapy and osmotic diuretics and his clinical symptoms and pressure of CSF gradually improved. The decrease of CSF adsorption was observed with RI cisternography in our case. Psychosis, seizures and meningitis are common CNS manifestations in SLE patients. But BIH is very rare and its cause is unclear. Only 17 cases of SLE with BIH have been reported. The pathogenesis and treatment of BIH in SLE patients were discussed in this paper.
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PMID:[Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with benign intracranial hypertension: a case report]. 160 19

A previously healthy man presented with a five day history of high fever and headache, later followed by rash and the appearance of jaundice. On the second hospital day, he suddenly developed seizures, lapsed into a coma, and died. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification revealed a 434 base pairs DNA fragment common to the genome of typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiae in the patient's blood (estimated at about 1 x 10(2) organisms/ml), and to a lesser degree in the cerebrospinal fluid. However, serological tests for rickettsiae remained negative. PCR techniques may confirm the diagnosis at an early stage, even though the rickettsemia may be minimal and the patient seronegative.
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PMID:Case report: fatal seronegative rickettsial infection diagnosed by the polymerase chain reaction. 160 68

The clinical outcomes are described for 247 consecutive cases of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) treated with the gamma knife between April, 1970, and December 31, 1983. Headache resolved in 65 (66.3%) of the 98 patients presenting with this symptom and improved in an additional nine (9.2%). Of 59 patients admitted with seizures, 11 (18.6%) became seizure-free without anticonvulsant medication and an additional 30 patients (50.8%) became seizure-free with anticonvulsant medication. Pre-existing neurological deficits improved or totally disappeared following radiosurgery in 56.7% of affected cases. This improvement presumably occurred within the frame of the natural history. The protective effect of the ionizing beams against hemorrhage in incompletely obliterated AVM's is analyzed. To assess the rate of rebleeding, probability estimates were calculated using both the person-year method and the Kaplan-Meier life table. With the person-year method the actual rebleed rate is not too different from the values observed in the natural history of the disease (2% to 3%/yr). Analysis by Kaplan-Meier life-table estimates demonstrated a risk of nearly 3.7%/yr until 60 months after radiosurgery. Five years following treatment, the life table ends in a plateau which could be interpreted as an indication of decrease in the risk of hemorrhage. However, long flat regions at the right end of the life table do not imply that the real risk of rebleeding is negligible unless a large number of patients have been followed well into or beyond the flat region.
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PMID:Clinical outcome of radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. 140 33

The clinical features of 19 patients with neurological manifestations unexplained by another disease and positive serology for Borrelia burgdorferi were studied. ECM was present in only 11% of the cases and 32% referred tick bite. The characteristic features for suspicion of NB according to our series was the presence of polyneuritis in 84% of the cases specially in the form of multiple mononeuritis and involvement of the facial nerve (79%) leading to even greater suspicion with the association of V pair involvement. Seizures, sleep disorders, and higher mental dysfunction may be found in association with other more characteristic neurological features. The typical triad of NB (aseptic meningitis, facial paralysis and polyradiculoneuritis) was found in 21% of the patients and in the absence of another disease to justify the same neuroborreliosis (NB) seemed evident. In all the cases components of this triad were found. Headache, arthralgia, fever and, less frequently, arthritis are other symptoms often past with the presence of anti-BB antibodies. Patients with the shortest evolution most frequently presented antecedents of facial paralysis, sensory alterations and Romberg's sign than patients of longer evolution. CSF demonstrated the presence of pleocytosis in 24% of the cases and in only one patient a slight increase in the intrathecal activity of IgG was observed which may be of use in differential diagnosis with MS. MR showed alterations in 61% of the patients and, while not specific, the lesions present subcortical predominance.
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PMID:[Positive anti-Borrelia antibodies in patients with clinical manifestations compatible with neuroborreliosis]. 161 Jun

Autonomic facio-cephalalgia was first described by Brickner et al. in 1935. At that time, it's clinical picture was characterized as pain seizure in the head or face unilaterally with various autonomic signs, such as swelling, redness and hyperthermia of the painful regions. After the first case was described, few cases have been reported, including our two cases. Thus, it's definite clinical entity can not be determined at present. In this review, the history, symptoms, signs, differential diagnosis of this disease and details of two our cases are described. The clinical entity of this disease, on bases of present knowledge is discussed.
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PMID:[Autonomic facio-cephalalgia]. 161 72


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