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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cervical myelography by means of lumbar application of metrizamide was performed on 110 patients. The exploration technique, the results, the quality of the myelograms, and the side effects observed are discussed. The most frequent complaint was headache. There were also cases of vertigo, vomitus, pain in the back and legs, and one case of tachycardia. Complications of a more serious nature, in particular epileptic seizures, did not occur.
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PMID:[Cervical myelography after lumbar application of metrizamide (author's transl)]. 74 16

Twenty-three difficult to control patients with 1 or more seizures per week despite diphenylhydantoin (DPH), phenobarbital and/or primidone in near and toxic doses and blood levels were entered in the study. 3 had grand mal. 8 psychomotor seizures and 12 had both. During a 6 1/2 month study period the patient received active drug and placebo for 3 months each; randomized, double-blind. The dose was to be increased within 4 weeks up to 6 capsules per day equal to 1,200 mg of carbamazepine (C), while the doses or previously taken (basis) anticonvulsants were to remain unchanged. Hematopoetic system and heptic functions were monitored. Complete seizure control attributable to C was not achieved in any, but up to 50% improvement occurred in 12 patients. Questionable improvement was thought to take place in 3 patients, no change occurred in 7, and psychomotor seizures became more frequent in 1 patient. A clear-cut psychotropic effect was not observed. Adverse effects attributable to C were a decline of WBC below 4,000 with relative neutropenia in 3 patients followed by at return to the previous after discontinuation of C. Nystagmus and unsteadiness were seen in about half of the patients, and some headache and drowsiness occurred in one quarter. The highest C blood level was 11.8 mug/ml, the lowest 3.8 mug/ml (average 5.6 mug/ml) during 1,200 mg intake. It seemed, generally, that intoxication occurred with lower blood levels of carbamazepine in those patients whose basis anticonvulsant blood levels were highest.
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PMID:Carbamazepine in difficult to control epileptic out-patients. 81 Oct 74

37 cases of cerebral hemispheric tumours are presented. These make up 23,1% of all the intracranial tumours observed over a period of 11 years in a Child Neurology Service. 19 cases were males and 18 females. Their ages were between 16 days and 7 1/2 years. Vomiting and headache were usually the first symptoms followed by seizures, frequently of the focal kind. Motor difficulties used to appear later. 69.6% of the cases presented a malfunctioning focus on the E.E.G. on the side of the tumor. The simple cranial X-Rays showed firstly widening of the fronto-parietal sutures, intracranial calcifications were seen in some of the cases with ependymonas and piloid astrocytoma in patients with Bourneville's disease. Pneumoencephalography as well as carotid angiography, radioisotope examination and computerized tomography gave us very positive results in the localization and determination of the size of the tumor. The ependymomas showed pathological vascularization regularly. The nature of the tumours corresponded to: 14 cases of ependymoma, 8 cases of astrocytoma I and II types, 1 case of astrocytoma of types III and IV, 3 cases of plexus papilloma, 2 cases of meningioma, 1 case of sarcoma of the basal ganglia, 1 case of teratoma, 3 cases of indifferentiated malignant tumours, 4 cases not proven. There was a 20% survival of patients five years later.
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PMID:[Cerebral tumours in infancy (author's transl)]. 90 Jun 62

A 59-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the history of epileptick attack of six years' duration. The seizure was associated with Jacksonian march starting in the right hand and then generalized. Todd's paresis of the right arm followed occasionally to the seizure. He was admitted to neurosurgical unit of other hospital in 1968 and 1971, but on each occasion no tumor or vascular abnormality was detected by extensive examiniations such as brain angiography, pneumoencephalography or brain scanning. He continued his hob as an engineer with anticonvulsant. He once lived in Manchuria in 1930s and had history of pulmonary tuberculosis. He was suffering from diabetes mellitus and chronic otitis media. Recentry he developed headache, forgetfulness, speech disturbance and right hemiparesis and was admitted to our department through psychiatric unit. On examination he was fully conscious but showed typical Gerstmann's syndrome and conduction aphasia. He also revealed bilateral choked disc, right hemiparesis, right hemihypesthesia and right homonymous hemianopsia. The cerebral angiograms and peneumoencephalogram suggested a left parietal cystic tumor. Brain scan with technetium 99m was negative. The spinal fluid was clear but showed slight pleocytosis (99/3/ml). Leucocyte count in the peripheral blood was 6600 per cubic meter with eosinophils of 3%. On craniotomy, small white patches were scattered at the subarachnoidal space suggesting of history of some meningitis. In the left parietooccipital region at Brodmann's area 19, a greyish yellow transparent cystic tumor was found in the subarachnoidal space which was confirmed to be one of the multilocular grape-like cystic tumors extending from area 19, gyrus angularis towards the arcuate fasciculus without continuity with the left lateral ventricle. Microscopic examination showed the racemosal type of cysticercus but no scolex was found. The fluid of the cysts was similar to the spinal fluid. He is totally symptome-free after five months' lapse from the operation except for sporadic spikes on the electroencephalogram. Although some neurosurgeons are against direct operation of the cerebral cysticercosis, we are sure it is possible to cure these patients suffering from chronic cysticercosis with tumor-like symptoms i.e. the tumor type of Stepien. But it is essential not to rupture the cysts during the operative procedure to avoid dissemination of worms which might lead to acute severe cerebral edema. Besides, echinococcus cysts harbouring many worms are often hardly differenciated macroscopically from the cysts of cysticercosis.
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PMID:[A case of brain cysticerosis]. 98 76

Oppenheimer and Fischberg's vasoconstriction-hypothesis on the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy was subsequently supported by animal experiments. Later on the role of decompensation of the autoregulatory mechanism of the cerebral blood flow was revealed. The transient symptomatology comprises headache, seizures, focal cerebral symptoms (hemiplegia etc.), visual disturbances, mental disorders, papiledema etc. The age-dependency of the influence of edema is probably expressed by the predominance of seizures in childhood and the long duration of the symptoms in our third and fourth patient. The differentiation between hypertensive encephalopathy and a local complication of hypertension (hemorrhage) can be difficult, not at least because the first disturbance may be followed by the second (patient 3). Hypertension is not always present as initial symptom (patient 1 and 2). Hence a series of blood pressure readings is required in acute cerebral incidents in childhood. Steroid-treatment may lead, especially in patients suffering from a hypocomplementemic form of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, to a sudden rise of the blood pressure and subsequently to hypertensive encephalopathy (patients 2 and 3). Hypertensive encephalopathy is a neuropediatric emergency. The urgent treatment with dioxaside, fursemide and sodium nitroprusside is shortly reviewed.
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PMID:Hypertensive encephalopathy in childhood. Diagnostic problems. 98 19

Interhemispheric subdural empyema, secondary to frontal sinusitis in two girls is described. Headache, hemiparesis more marked in the lower extremity, fever, focal seizures, stupor and stiff neck were the principal features of the clinical course. The angiographic appearance of the lesion was the key to the preoperative diagnosis. Surgical evacuation of the purulent collection resulted in complete cure in both cases.
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PMID:Interhemispheric subdural empyema: angiographic diagnosis and surgical treatment. 111 7

The authors describe the clinical results of surgical embolization in 55 patients with large cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Follow-up intervals ranged from 2 months to 14 years, averaging 4 1/2 years. The authors believe the procedure is safe in properly selected patients and is useful as a preliminary to direct surgical excision. It relieves associated headaches, and usually reverses or stabilizes a progressive neurological deficit. The potential for seizures probably is not altered. The incidence of hemorrhage following embolization is low for patients with no previous history of hemorrhage; however, the procedure does not reduce the likelihood of recurrence in patients with a prior history of hemorrhage.
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PMID:Surgical embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations through internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Long-term results. 112 63

A case is presented of neurilemmoma of the left oculomotor nerve occurring in a 64-year-old hypertensive woman. The incipient tumour produced ptosis, limited inwards rotation of the eyeball, and persistent pupillary dilatation on the left side. The mechanism of this process is discussed, having regard to the interruption of the fibres innervating these structures by the tumour, and considering the mode of occurrence of the ocular and pupillary impairments. The patient also had generalized athero-sclerosis and fusiform aneurysm of the terminal part of the left internal carotid artery. The symptoms of headache, seizure, coma, and temporary right hemiparesis were considered as manifestations of hypertensive encephalopathy unrelated to the tumour.
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PMID:Neurilemmoma of the oculomotor nerve. 112 61

Subdural empyema is an intracranial infection that has remained difficult to diagnose and to treat. Seventeen patients with this infection, treated between 1967 and 1974, are analyzed and compared to published series with particular regard to diagnosis using newer procedures and treatment, considering the primary focus of infection. The infection is usually located in the supratentorial spaces, is often bilateral, and results most often from para-nasal sinusitis (single most common cause), otitis, neurosurgical operative infections, and meningitis in infants. Patients suffering from subdural empyema generally present with rapid onset of depressed sensorium, seizures, focal neurological deficits, and signs of increased intracranial pressure, following a period of days to weeks characterized by headache and fever. All 17 of our patients demonstrated localizing neurological signs and 16 manifested either fever or leukocytosis. Diagnostic studies, except for cerebral arteriography, do not reliably corroborate or exclude the diagnosis. Cerebral arteriography established the diagnosis and defined the location and extent of the empyema in all of our cases. The EEG and brain scan produced frequent false-negative and/or non-localizing results in 10 and 8 patients, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid was abnormal from all 15 patients examined by lumbar puncture, but the findings were similar to those in other infectious and non-infectious central nervous system diseases. Signs of transtentorial herniation developed within eight hours following lumbar puncture in three of seven patients who had exhibited signs of increased intracranial pressure before the procedure was performed. Bacterial cultures were positive in 13 of our cases. A review of our data and that of other studies indicates that the organisms associated with subdural empyema are consistent with those expected from infections of the primary site; e.g. sinusitis, otitis, meningitis, site of prior neurosurgery. A therapeutic approach is suggested which emphasizes specific antibiotic regimens appropriate to the primary site of infection and prompt neurosurgical intervention with evacuation of the subdural spaces bilaterally. In general, combination antimicrobial therapy employing high parenteral doses of penicillin G, a semi-synthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillin and chloramphenicol is recommended.
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PMID:Subdural empyema: analysis of 17 recent cases and review of the literature. 118 92

Serum levels of IgE, other immunoglobulins and C'3 were measured in 36 MS patients, and the results compared with those of 40 age- and sex-matched patients hospitalized on Neurology Service. Diagnoses among controls included cerebral infarction, cervical spondylosis, nonmigrainous headache, seizure disorders and peripheral neuropathy. Six patients in the MS group and seven in the non-MS group had a past history of allergy to food, drugs, dust or other substances. IgE levels were measured by double-antibody radioimmunoassay. Other immunoglobulins (G, M, D and A) and C'3 were quantitated by Mancini's method. Results indicate that the median IgE and C'3 levels of MS patients were slightly lower than those for non-MS subjects. Concentrations of other immunoglobulins were similar for the two groups. CSF samples from 12 MS and five non-MS patients were studied and none of these contained measureable (greater than 7.5 U/ml) IgE. In view of: 1) recent reports describing mast cells in MS plaques, 2) the suggested role of biogenic amines in the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases, and 3) because IgE exists in free and cell bound state, it is suggested that tissue surveys of MS plaques for IgE deposits similar to those seen in glomeruli in nephrotic syndromes may provide a clue to the pathogenesis of MS.
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PMID:Circulating IgE, allergy and multiple sclerosis. Serum levels of IgE, other immunoglobulins and complement (C's) in patients with multiple sclerosis in exacerbation and other neurologic diseases. 125 79


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