Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A large outbreak of haemorrhagic fever (subsequently named Ebola haemorrhagic fever) occurred in southern Sudan between June and November 1976. There was a total of 284 cases; 67 in the source town of Nzara, 213 in Maridi, 3 in Tembura, and 1 in Juba. The outbreak in Nzara appears to have originated in the workers of a cotton factory. The disease in Maridi was amplified by transmission in a large, active hospital. Transmission of the disease required close contact with an acute case and was usually associated with the act of nursing a patient. The incubation period was between 7 and 14 days. Although the link was not well established, it appears that Nzara could have been the source of infection for a similar outbreak in the Bumba Zone of Zaire.In this outbreak Ebola haemorrhagic fever was a unique clinical disease with a high mortality rate (53% overall) and a prolonged recovery period in those who survived. Beginning with an influenza-like syndrome, including fever, headache, and joint and muscle pains, the disease soon caused diarrhoea (81%), vomiting (59%), chest pain (83%), pain and dryness of the throat (63%), and rash (52%). Haemorrhagic manifestations were common (71%), being present in half of the recovered cases and in almost all the fatal cases.Two post mortems were carried out on patients in November 1976. The histopathological findings resembled those of an acute viral infection and although the features were characteristic they were not exclusively diagnostic. They closely resembled the features described in Marburg virus infection, with focal eosinophilic necrosis in the liver and destruction of lymphocytes and their replacement by plasma cells. One case had evidence of renal tubular necrosis.Two strains of Ebola virus were isolated from acute phase sera collected from acutely ill patients in Maridi hospital during the investigation in November 1976. Antibodies to Ebola virus were detected by immunofluorescence in 42 of 48 patients in Maridi who had been diagnosed clinically, but in only 6 of 31 patients in Nzara. The possibility of the indirect immunofluorescent test not being sufficiently sensitive is discussed.Of Maridi case contacts, in hospital and in the local community, 19% had antibodies. Very few of them gave any history of illness, indicating that Ebola virus can cause mild or even subclinical infections. Of the cloth room workers in the Nzara cotton factory, 37% appeared to have been infected, suggesting that the factory may have been the prime source of infection.
 ...
PMID:Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Sudan, 1976. Report of a WHO/International Study Team. 30 55

A double-blind, cross-over trial was made of three analgesic preparations--paracetamol, paracetamol with caffeine (Finimal) and aspirin in the relief of postoperative pain in 72 orthopedic inpatients and in 144 ambulatory outpatients suffering form common idiopathic headache. The combination of paracetamol and caffeine (Finimal) in this study shows the greatest pain relief in both groups of patients. This evaluation supports the results of BOOY3 demonstrating the superiority of the paracetamol-caffeine combination to paracetamol alone or aspirin.
 ...
PMID:A double-blind comparative evaluation of aspirin, paracetamol and paracetamol + caffeine (finimal) for their analgesic effectiveness. 32 19

In a double-blind crossover trial conducted on a multicentre basis, 109 patients with "classic" or "definite" rheumatoid arthritis were treated for two weeks with diclofenac sodium (Voltaren, 25 mg t.i.d.) and indomethacin (25 mg t.i.d). Both drugs led to a clear-cut decrease in morning stiffness, as well as to a significant improvement in pain at rest and on movement. In these respects no significant difference between the two-drugs was observed. As regards their effect on status of rheumatoid condition, however, a trend towards a significant improvement was discernible, in the investigator's opinion, only in response to diclofenac sodium. "Unwanted effects" were mentioned by 25 patients before the trial, by 31 during treatment with diclofenac sodium, and by 33 during treatment with indomethacin. While the patients were receiving indomethacin, five of them discontinued treatment on account of side effects (headache in three cases, headache and tiredness in one case, and an allergic skin reaction in one case) and one of them, who complained of headache, lowered the dosage; treatment with diclofenac sodium was discontinued because of side effects by only one patient, who had developed an allergic skin reaction.
 ...
PMID:Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) and indomethacin in the ambulatory treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind multicentre study. 35 46

Three patients had nonatheromatous occlusive cervicocephalic arterial disease which on follow-up showed resolution of the occlusive or stenosing abnormalities. The patients' relatively young age (middle thirties to middle forties) and severe unilateral headache or focal head, neck, or mastoid pain were prominent common clinical features. The dominant arteriographic features were intimal irregularities, multiple vessel involvement, tendency to arterial dissection and aneurysm formation, sparing of intracranial arteries, and tendency to partial or complete resolution of the abnormalities and regression toward normal. We have called this presumed entity "idiopathic regressing arteriopathy" pending appropriate histopathological studies.
 ...
PMID:Idiopathic regressing arteriopathy. 36 74

A survey of the literature is presented in two areas of biofeedback treatment for headache--muscle contraction and migraine--and a variety of miscellaneous pain syndromes. The studies done to date are characterized largely by lack of proper no-treatment or placebo control groups, by confounding biofeedback with a variety of other strategies, or by sample sizes too small to afford any reasonable conclusions about efficacy. There is some evidence that biofeedback works better for muscle contraction headache than false feedback, but it also appears that biofeedback is no more effective than relaxation training. The application of biofeedback to migraine or other pain syndromes remains of unproven value. Investigators seldom attempt to relate empirically their interventions to hypothetical models of pain mechanisms. The potential influence of extraneous factors linked to the therapeutic situation is pervasive in these studies, but examination of their specific roles in symptom reduction is largely missing. Some variables are listed which need to be examined and which may contribute to the alleviation of pain with much less expenditure of clinical resources than that demanded by biofeedback. Perhaps the main contribution of biofeedback has been to highlight such extraneous variables in the pain treatment setting.
Pain 1979 Dec
PMID:Biofeedback therapy for headache and other pain: an evaluative review. 39 8

Since about 20% of the patients in a headache clinic have ENT complaints an ENT specialist should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment. It is very important to know what structures in the head and neck are sensitive to pain for diagnostic and differential diagnostic purposes. Primary and secondary neuritis are headache mechanisms in otolaryngology and also tension headache, which is specially discussed. Rhinogenous contact headache and headache as cardinal symptom in various syndromes are also stressed as specific to ENT. Finally a scheme is given for investigating a headache patient from the otolaryngological point of view.
 ...
PMID:[Otorhinolaryngological aspects of headache: (author's transl)]. 40 40

Sixteen diagnosed functional headache patients treated with biofeedback techniques of frontalis EMG feedback and/or peripheral temperature feedback, with an average headache history of 18.2 years, were evaluated at an average interval of 37 weeks posttreatment. On the average, patients showed further improvement in their headache status as measured by average daily headache pain scores in contrast with termination values. Data were obtained via structured interviews conducted by an individual not involved in patient's treatment. Patients on the average showed declines in frontalis EMG during the follow-up sessions, but not increases in temperature as had been expected. The unclear role played by increasing peripheral temperature in follow-up of migraine patients is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Clinical follow-up: treatment and outcome of functional headache patients treated with biofeedback. 42 18

Memory for head pain was assessed by means of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Sixteen neurosurgical patients were divided into two groups in order to examine the decay of memory over time; one group recalled pain after 5 days and the other recalled pain after one day and then again, after 5 days. Contrary to expectations, the recall of pain was surprisingly accurate. The memory for pain showed littled decay over time. The small subgroup of patients who made specific errors when recalling their pain comprised women who had high levels of pain and affect at the initial assessment. Overall, the findings provide some welcome reassurance about the accuracy and reliability of pain reports from memory.
Pain 1979 Feb
PMID:Memory for pain. 42 33

In order to quantify the pain associated with first trimester abortions and to analyze its influences, patient observations by doctors and attending counselors and patient interviews were conducted. Of the 2299 patients, 86% received 20 cc of lidocaine as paracervical anesthesia (14% received less) and 76% choose to receive 5 mg oral diazepam preoperatively (4% received 3-8 intravenously during the procedure). Patients compared their pain with other familiar types of pain. Doctors and counselors rated the pain during each of 8 specific stages of the abortion (examination, speculum insertion, tenaculum placement, administration of paracervical local anesthesia, uterine sounding, cervical dilatation, vacuum aspiration, and sharp curettage) as compared with the average pain they had observed. In addition, counselors rated the degree of apprehension with which the patient faced the procedure. These methods were analyzed on the basis of internal consistency among each group and agreement across the 3 sources and were found to be sufficiently dependable for the purpose at hand. The pain most often experienced was less severe than an earache or toothache, more severe than a menstrual pain or headache. Physicians and counselors agreed that vacuum aspiration is the most painful stage followed by dilatation and sharp curettage. Pain was positively associated with 1) age of 15 years or less, 2) with gestation of less than 7 weeks or more than 12 and with dilatation on a curvilnear basis, and 3) with patient fear. Despite expectations to the contrary, administration of 5 mg oral diazepam did not reduce pain.
 ...
PMID:Pain of first-trimester abortion: its quantification and relations with other variables. 44 87

Seven patients, aged 12 to 19 years, had atypical measles. Prodromal symptoms of fever, malaise, myalgia, headache, nausea, and vomiting were commonly followed by coryza, sore throat, conjunctivitis, photophobia, nonproductive cough, and pleuritic pain. The characteristic rash was erythematous, maculopapular, and progressed frequently to vesicular, petechial, or purpuric lesions. It initially involved palms and soles with subsequent spread to proximal extremities and the trunk, sparing the face. Six of six chest roentgenograms showed infiltrates. Findings not previously described in atypical measles included liver enzyme elevations, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, possible transmission among three siblings, and suspected cardiac involvement. Measles complement fixation titers compatible with recent infection were seen in all patients. All patients had previously received killed measles vaccine. A substantial number of persons who are older adolescents or young adults may be at risk of developing atypical measles.
 ...
PMID:Atypical measles in adolescents and young adults. 44 83


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>