Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Indoor air pollution can lead to vague, general worker complaints such as headaches, drowsiness, nasal congestion, or tired, watery eyes. 2. Currently, no health and safety laws exist to regulate indoor air quality or ventilation in public buildings. 3. Because of the lack of regulation, employers have minimal incentives to ensure adequate air quality and ventilation until the problem of indoor air pollution causes appreciable amounts of worker complaints. 4. Occupational health nurses can impact on indoor air pollution through the roles of clinician, researcher, consultant, and educator.
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PMID:Indoor air pollution. Are employees sick from their work? 237 4

Substance P, present in primary sensory neurones, seems to take part in nociceptive transmission within the trigeminal system. Substance P, released by peripheral axons of these neurones, induces vasodilatation, plasma extravasation, miosis, conjunctival and nasal congestion. All these effects bear some similarity to symptoms of cluster headache and migraine attack. Opiates and somatostatin inhibit the release of substance P from primary sensory neurones and relieve both pain and autonomic symptoms of cluster headache attack. Plasma substance P-like immunoreactivity was decreased during spontaneous attack of cluster headache and migraine and during histamine precipitated attack of cluster headache. Taken together these data suggest that substance P and endogenous opioids could be implicated in the pathophysiology of cluster headache and migraine.
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PMID:Substance P and enkephalins: a creditable tandem in the pathophysiology of cluster headache and migraine. 243 12

Forty-six of 152 consecutive adult rhinitis patients had perennial nonallergic rhinitis (PNR). Eighty-five percent of those with PNR presented with nasal congestion, whereas 15% presented with rhinorrhea. Their mean age was 40.5 years (range = 21-77), and 74% were female. Patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis in this series were characterized by ocular pruritus or burning, 28%; frontal headache, 22%; symptoms consistent with asthma, 33%; an unremarkable nasal mucosa, 96%; the absence of nasal polyps, 100%; nasal eosinophilia (greater than or equal to 5%), 10%; nasal neutrophilia (greater than or equal to 25%), 22%; numerous nasal bacteria, 12%; sinusitis, 6%; and a geometric mean IgE of 26.4 U/mL. This experience suggests that PNR is a common problem in a general allergy practice. Nasal obstruction, usually more difficult to treat than rhinorrhea, is the dominant symptom. Unexpected findings were frequent conjunctivitis and nasal neutrophilia.
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PMID:Perennial nonallergic rhinitis: a retrospective review. 248 Jul 28

The efficacy of sinus surgery continues to be an issue of debate among otolaryngologists. In an attempt to address this controversy, a case-series study design was used to assess the perceived efficacy of sinus surgery in terms of the alleviation of sinus symptoms and overall health benefit. Self-administered questionnaires were mailed to 142 individuals who had sinus surgery performed between January 1984, and December 1985. After one follow-up attempt, 114 questionnaires were completed and returned (80% response). Overall, a high percentage of cases reported postoperative improvement in breathing difficulties (90%), nasal congestion (88%), headache/facial pain (85%), recurrent sinus infections (83%), and postnasal drip (80%). In addition, 88% of cases reported the surgery to be of some overall health benefit. These results suggest that sinus surgery, as perceived by surgically treated individuals, may be effective in the management of chronic sinus disease.
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PMID:Sinus disease and surgical treatment: a results oriented quality assurance study. 250 32

A principal side effect of biological response modifiers (BRMs) is a constellation of constitutional symptoms often referred to as a "flu-like syndrome" (FLS). Precisely what this syndrome encompasses is frequently unclear, but its major components appear to be fever, chills, rigors, myalgias, and headache. Other components variously included are anorexia, nausea, upper respiratory symptoms such as nasal congestion and cough, and the ill-defined symptom, malaise. The manner in which the "flu-like" syndrome manifests itself during treatment with interferon (IFN), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), and colony stimulating factors (CSFs) will be described with attention to frequency, duration and severity. The common mechanisms underlying the appearance of a flu-like syndrome during biotherapy will be elucidated with emphasis on the role of endogenous pyrogens and prostaglandins and on the physiology of the process. Methods to prevent or alleviate these uncomfortable side effects, including medical interventions such as alterations in schedule/route/dose of BRM administration and premedication with a variety of agents, as well as nursing measures such as patient education will be discussed.
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PMID:Recent advances in the management of biotherapy-related side effects: flu-like syndrome. 268 12

The efficacy and safety of terazosin were compared with those of other antihypertensive drugs in three parallel-group, randomized, double-blind studies in which 133 patients with mild to moderate hypertension participated. In two studies, terazosin monotherapy was compared with placebo and prazosin (study M79-073), or with hydrochlorothiazide (study M80-012). In a third study (M80-013), the combination of terazosin plus hydrochlorothiazide was compared with the combination of prazosin plus hydrochlorothiazide. Doses of study medications were administered twice daily and were increased at weekly intervals until the average supine diastolic blood pressure was 90 mm Hg or less, with a decrease from baseline of at least 10 mm Hg, or until the maximum specified dosage of a given study drug was reached. In general, all active treatments resulted in significant decreases from baseline in supine and standing blood pressures. There was no significant difference between terazosin- and prazosin-treated patients for changes from baseline to the final visit in supine or standing blood pressure measurements (study M79-073). Hydrochlorothiazide had a significantly greater effect on supine diastolic blood pressure when compared with terazosin (study M80-012). Otherwise, there were no significant differences between active treatment groups. Overall, no regimen caused clinically important changes in pulse rates, body weights, laboratory test results, physical examinations, or electrocardiograms. The incidence of side effects was approximately the same for all drugs; the most common side effects were headache, dizziness, malaise, asthenia, and nasal congestion. The results of these studies suggest that terazosin exhibits antihypertensive activity that is quantitatively similar to that of prazosin in patients with mild to moderate hypertension, and that a dose of 1 to 10 mg twice daily is well tolerated.
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PMID:Comparative trials of terazosin with other antihypertensive agents. 287 6

Single intravenous doses of 1, 2, and 5 mg of terazosin and placebo were administered in a randomized, double-blind, crossover fashion to 12 hypertensive adult patients. Supine and sitting blood pressures and pulse rates were monitored before and for 48 hours after drug administration. Blood and urine specimens were obtained periodically up to 48 hours after dosing; the concentration of terazosin in these samples was then determined. When compared with values before dosing, significant reductions (p less than or equal to 0.05) in supine diastolic blood pressure were observed from as early as 10 minutes after infusion of a terazosin dose and including most measurements through nine hours. From 20 minutes to five hours, most of the mean decreases in supine diastolic blood pressure following infusion of terazosin were significantly greater than those following infusion of placebo. Mean changes after terazosin administration ranged from -3 to -14 mm Hg, whereas mean changes after placebo administration ranged from +2 to -7 mm Hg. Pulse rates tended to increase slightly after terazosin administration and decrease slightly after placebo administration with few changes achieving statistical significance. The onset of the antihypertensive effect (at least a 10 percent decrease in supine diastolic blood pressure) occurred within two hours after most terazosin doses. The magnitude of the antihypertensive effect was similar at all three doses. The duration of action continued for at least six hours in 40 percent of those patients who showed a response within two hours. The peak antihypertensive effect occurred approximately four hours after administration of the terazosin dose (mean decreases of 17, 18, and 19 mm Hg after the 1-, 2-, and 5-mg doses, respectively). Adverse effects were mild. The most frequently reported side effects were headache, nasal congestion, and light-headedness. Terazosin decayed in a biexponential fashion with an elimination half-life of about 12 hours. There was no indication that nonlinear elimination occurred or that hypertensive disease influenced the disposition of the drug.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of intravenous terazosin in hypertensive patients. A preliminary report. 287 14

Terazosin is a post-synaptic alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist with a similar pharmacodynamic profile to prazosin. It differs from prazosin in having a longer duration of action, with an elimination half-life some 2 to 3 times that of prazosin, allowing the convenience of once daily administration. Moreover, its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is more complete and predictable than that of prazosin which may facilitate dose titration. Terazosin therapy results in a significant reduction in blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, with little influence on heart rate. The drug is an effective antihypertensive when administered as monotherapy or in combination with a range of antihypertensive agents including beta-blockers, diuretics and combinations of the two. In the few patients with congestive heart failure studied, terazosin produced an increase in cardiac output with a reduction in ventricular filling pressure and systemic vascular resistance, but no studies have been performed to assess the therapeutic potential of terazosin in this indication. Reductions in total plasma cholesterol and low density plus very low density lipoprotein cholesterol fractions have been reported after terazosin therapy, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations have tended to increase. Should such beneficial changes be confirmed in long term clinical studies they would suggest a therapeutic advantage of terazosin over some other antihypertensive drugs, particularly diuretics, which have been reported to adversely affect the plasma lipid profile. The most common side effects associated with terazosin treatment are dizziness, headache, asthenia and nasal congestion, but these are usually mild and do not require treatment discontinuation. Terazosin is normally administered once daily, starting at a dose of 1 mg/day and gradually titrating upwards as the blood pressure stabilises at each new dose, until blood pressure is adequately controlled or to a maximum dose of 20mg daily. First-dose syncope occurs rarely after terazosin, and can largely be avoided by giving the first dose at bedtime. Thus, terazosin offers a useful alternative to the drugs currently available for the management of mild to moderate essential hypertension either as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs.
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PMID:Terazosin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in essential hypertension. 288 69

The long-term treatment of essential hypertension with terazosin, a new once-a-day alpha 1-adrenergic blocking agent, was evaluated in 364 hypertensive patients who received total daily doses of 1 to 40 mg for 3 weeks to 56 months. Consistent mean decreases in supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressures were observed throughout the study for patients treated with terazosin as monotherapy (supine, 9 to 12/10 to 13 mm Hg; and standing, 12 to 18/11 to 14 mm Hg) or in combination with other antihypertensive agents (supine, 12 to 16/12 to 15 mm Hg; and standing, 16 to 22/13 to 19 mm Hg). The most commonly reported adverse experiences were dizziness, headache, asthenia, cold symptoms, and nasal congestion. Adverse effects and metabolic disorders often associated with diuretics and beta blockers such as sexual dysfunction, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, or adverse lipid effects were seen infrequently during long-term treatment with terazosin as monotherapy. Overall, terazosin was shown to be effective, safe, and well tolerated by most patients.
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PMID:Terazosin, a new selective alpha 1-adrenergic blocking agent. Results of long-term treatment in patients with essential hypertension. 290 Dec 67

Rhinocerebral zygomycosis is a rare but dangerous fungal infection that affects primarily diabetic patients in ketoacidosis but other debilitated patients as well. A high index of suspicion among primary care physicians will lead to earlier diagnosis and help reduce the severe morbidity and mortality associated with the condition. Zygomycosis should be strongly suspected in diabetic patients presenting with unilateral headache, nasal congestion, or facial pain and swelling. If hyphae are not seen in nasal secretions on microscopy, biopsy of infected tissue must be done immediately to establish a diagnosis. Prompt treatment, including appropriate surgical intervention, amphotericin B therapy, and correction of metabolic derangements, is essential.
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PMID:Bread mold infection in diabetes. The life-threatening condition of rhinocerebral zygomycosis. 309 May 35


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