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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of 78 women with sudden flushes and associated disorders (pruritus vulvae, headache, anxiety, instability, depression, libido disturbances) related to the menopause were treated with one or two capsules of veralipride daily for 20 days. Excellent or good results were obtained in 54 of the 69 patients (78 p. cent) with sudden flushes, and 29 of the 57 cases (51 p. cent) with associated disorders. The difference in scores before and after treatment is very highly significant (p < 0.001). Clinical tolerance was good as only 2 cases of minimal galactorrhea. 2 cases of mastodynia, 3 cases with mild drowsiness, 2 patients with nervous tension or insomnia, 3 with digestive disorders, 1 with vertigo, and 1 with mild visual disturbances were observed. No modifications in the biological parameters studied were noted. Blood prolactin levels increased during treatment but returned to normal levels 4 days after discontinuation of therapy. No significant modifications in FSH, LH, E2, or E3 plasma levels were noted at the end of the study. Veralipride appears, therefore, to be the prototype for non-hormonal therapy of menopausal disorders.
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PMID:[A new therapeutic approach to menopausal sudden flushes and psychofunctional disorders (author's transl)]. 625 60

The premenstrual symptom complex many women experience in a moderate to severe form can be divided into four subgroups. Because there is more than one syndrome and nervous tension is one of the most common symptoms, the term premenstrual tension syndromes (PMTS) is used. The most common subgroup, PMT-A, consists of premenstrual anxiety, irritability and nervous tension, sometimes expressed in behavior patterns detrimental to self, family and society. Elevated blood estrogen and low progesterone have been observed in this subgroup. Administration of vitamin B6 at doses of 200-800 mg/day reduces blood estrogen, increases progesterone and results in improved symptoms under double-blind conditions. Women in this subgroup consume an excessive amount of dairy products and refined sugar, and progesterone may be of value in them. The second-most-common subgroup, PMT-H, is associated with symptoms of water and salt retention, abdominal bloating, mastalgia and weight gain. The severe form of PMT-H is associated with elevated serum aldosterone. Vitamin B6 at high dosage suppresses aldosterone and results in diuresis and clinical improvement. Vitamin E helps the breast symptoms. Methylxanthines and nicotine should be curtailed and sodium limited to 3 gm/day. PMT-C is characterized by premenstrual craving for sweets, increased appetite and indulgence in eating refined sugar followed by palpitation, fatigue, fainting spells, headache and sometimes the shakes. PMT-C patients have increased carbohydrate tolerance and low red-cell magnesium. Adequate magnesium replacement results in improved glucose tolerance tests and decreased PMT-C symptoms. Deficiency of the prostaglandin PGE1 may also be involved in PMT-C. PMT-D is the least common but most dangerous because suicide is most frequent in this subgroup. The symptoms are depression, withdrawal, insomnia, forgetfulness and confusion. In ten PMT-D patients the mean blood estrogen was lower and the mean blood progesterone higher than normal during the midluteal phase. Elevated adrenal androgens are observed in some hirsute PMT-D patients. Two PMT-D patients with normal blood progesterone and estrogens had high lead levels in hair tissue and chronic lead intoxication. This subgroups needs careful medical attention when the symptoms are severe. Therapy should be individualized according to the results of the evaluation.
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PMID:Nutritional factors in the etiology of the premenstrual tension syndromes. 668 67

It has been suggested that women over age 40 use methods other than oral contraceptives (OCs) but there is evidence that the benefits of OCs should be weighed against the risks; some researchers have concluded that the existence of other predisposing risk factors is more important than age. Other hormonal methods available to middle aged women are: 1) continuous mini-progestogen OC which obviates the role of estrogens and are suggested for premenopausal women who do not show signs of hypoestrogenism, but pregnancy rate is still relatively high (3.0) for women aged 35 and over; 2) injectable contraceptives are believed to be highly effective but may depress some women; 3) estradiol pellet implants of 6-month intervals; in a group of 144 women aged 35-50 the pregnancy rate was 0.169; and 4) estradiol pellet implants with a 7-10 day course of an oral progestogen such as medroxyprogesterone acetate administered at monthly intervals to induce orderly withdrawal uterine bleeding; most common side effects are hypermenorrhea and mastodynia. The latter method is best suited to premenopausal women who wish to continue the low-dosage estrogen in advancing years, preventing the onset of hot flushes and sweats, minimizing the tendency to osteoporosis and decreasing the severity of menopausal migranoid headaches and mood changes.
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PMID:Contraception for middle aged women. 676 1

The symptomatology of the premenstrual syndrome is frequently seen in general and gynecological practice. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutical effect of dydrogesterone (Duphaston) on the typical premenstrual complaints as depression, headache, edema, mastodynia, dysmenorrhea and bleeding irregularities. Oral administration of 20 mg dydrogesterone b.i.d. during the second half of the menstrual cycle could well relieve the complaints mentioned above. Best results of treatment were obtained in cases of dysmenorrhea, bleeding irregularities, depression and edema. In our patients mastodynia was not influenced by dydrogesterone-therapy. As shown by basal body temperature and progesterone in plasma the menstrual cycles remained ovulatory under therapy. The treatment with dydrogesterone was tolerated well in general, blood pressure and body weight were not altered significantly. The majority of patients wished to continue the treatment beyond the period of this study.
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PMID:[Treatment of the premenstrual syndrome with a retroprogesterone (Duphaston)]. 718 74

The objective of the study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of the monophasic oral contraceptive Marvelon by examining its safety and its effectiveness in controlling the menstrual cycle as well as the frequency and types of side effects. 24 healthy women with an average age of 24.5 years (range of 18-33 years) were the subjects. 23 had previous reproductive events: 18 births, 5 spontaneous abortions, and 16 induced abortions. 17 women had used contraceptives sporadically: 3 postcoital pills, 8 triphasic pills, and 6 monophasic pills. During the year prior to initiating Marvelon use 2 women had experienced oligomenorrhea, 5 had had hypermenorrhea, 6 had had dysmenorrhea, and 3 had had irregular uterine bleeding. The observation period of contraceptive use lasted 4-6 months, during which a total of 121 cycles were evaluated without one single case of pregnancy. This meant a 100% contraceptive safety or a Pearl index of 0. 20 of the patients had stable cycles. 4 women with 13 of the 121 cycles (10.5%) had menstrual disorders. There were 5 cases of breakthrough bleeding and 8 cases of spotting. Weak dysmenorrhea occurred only in 2 patients. Other side effects included: nausea (2), headache (2), nervousness (2), mastodynia (3), vertigo (1), depression (1), and increase of body weight (2). As the duration of taking Marvelon increased the frequency of menstrual disorders declined. Not a single case of post-pill amenorrhea occurred. At the present time over 5 million women use Marvelon in the world. Epidemiological studies involving 14,903 women with a total of 98,225 menstrual cycles have revealed only 4 pregnancies or a Pearl index of 0.06. In the present study regular pseudomenstrual bleeding was confirmed in 89.5% of investigated cycles, which compares to 96.1% indicated in the literature. Marvelon proved to be a modern, safe contraceptive with stable control of the menstrual cycle, and which exhibited only minor side effects.
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PMID:[A clinical trial with the monophasic contraceptive Marvelon]. 779 30

The diagnosis and pharmacologic management of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are reviewed. PMS refers to physical or affective symptoms that appear during the latter half of the menstrual cycle, remit during menses, and affect the woman's relationships or ability to function. Pharmacologic treatments proposed for PMS include (1) hormonal treatments that alter the menstrual cycle, (2) hormonal treatments based on specific proposed etiologies, (3) drugs that affect fluid balance, (4) inhibitors or precursors of prostaglandins, (5) nutritional supplements, (6) psychotropic medications, and (7) nonprescription preparations. The menstrual cycle can be manipulated with transdermal estrogen and cyclic oral progesterone, oral contraceptives, danazol, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists with steroid hormone replacement. Psychological symptoms may be treated with fluoxetine, clomipramine, or alprazolam. Patients may be given a diuretic for fluid retention; bromocriptine, tamoxifen, or danazol for mastodynia; and nonprescription analgesics for headaches. PMS can be managed through (1) a symptom-oriented management approach or (2) modification of the menstrual cycle. Pharmacotherapy should be initiated only after simpler measures have failed, and the medication must be chosen carefully, with the severity of the impairment weighed against adverse effects of the treatment.
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PMID:Pharmacologic strategies for managing premenstrual syndrome. 849 Oct 76

A survey among users and health personnel participating in the Salvadorian Social Security Institute (ISSS) Family Planning Program revealed interest in including a monthly preparation for injection as a contraceptive method offered by this Institution. The formulation containing dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide (DHPA) 150 mg + estradiol enantate (E2EN) 10 mg was chosen for conducting an open and prospective study of efficacy and tolerability. Between January 1992 and March 1994, 7054 women were treated with this product for a total of 60010 months. A sample composed of 4505 women treated at this Institution confirmed that average users are young, have one or two children, do not show a particular geographical distribution and choose the monthly injection instead of oral contraceptives as the first contraceptive method or for the puerperium. The study formulation showed a high efficacy (Pearl Index: 0.018) and tolerability (general withdrawal rate throughout the study: 27.09%). The most frequent adverse events included bleeding disorders, headache and mastalgia; their incidence decreased spontaneously from the sixth month (3.9%), reaching 0% after two years. Treatment was discontinued due to adverse events in 3.47% of women. No significant bodyweight or systolic and diastolic blood pressure alterations were observed. Based on these results, the monthly injectable contraceptive was included in the basic product list at ISSS.
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PMID:Dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide 150 mg + estradiol enantate 10 mg as monthly injectable contraceptives. 891 Jun 63

To improve counseling services for new users of the levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implant (Norplant), the 251 women who had the implant inserted through the Ohio State University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology during 1991-94 were mailed a questionnaire concerning their experiences. Responses were received from 111 (44%) of these women; 24 (21.6%) had already had the implants removed after a mean duration of use of 14.6 months, 32 (28.8%) planned on early removal, and 55 (49.5%) desired continued use. There were no significant differences between these 3 groups in terms of age, gravidity, parity, type of provider, or interval between counseling and placement. Among women who planned to continue Norplant use, 98% had been provided with reading material as part of their preinsertion counseling and 95% characterized this counseling as adequate; these rates were significantly lower in the other 2 groups. Frequently reported side effects included menstrual changes (80%), weight gain (53%), headache (50%), mood changes (59%), mastalgia (47%), and acne (47%). Menstrual irregularities, mood changes, and headaches were the side effects cited most frequently among women who opted for early removal. Overall, 75 users (68%) were satisfied or very satisfied with the method, 15 (14%) were somewhat dissatisfied, and 18 (16%) were very dissatisfied. Consistent distribution during preinsertion counseling of reading materials on Norplant and its side effects is recommended to enhance method acceptance.
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PMID:Patient satisfaction with a levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implant. Reasons for and patterns of removal. 895 Nov 37

The etiology of PMS has not yet been defined, although there are several theories among which it is reported that there is an increase in prolactine levels involved in it. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a dopamine receptor agonist (lisuride maleate), in the treatment of PMS. 35 patients between 19 and 35 years old were recruited in a prospective study design, with diagnosis of PMS and no other gynecological disorder ruled out clinical and ultrasonographic examination, women with no previous treatment and with no use of hormonal agents, these patients were treated for three months with lisuride maleate, 0.3 mg-day in a three dosage scheme per day, the following symptoms were evaluated: headaches, mastalgia, bloating, edema of lower extremities and myalgia in legs, as well as hormonal parameters before and after treatment with estrogens, progesterone, prolactine, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone, which were prescribed in the luteal phase (day 21). Results obtained were: reduction of all symptoms scores versus pretreatment: Headache from 85.7 to 20%, mastalgia from 91.4 to 25%, bloating from 74.2 to 40%, edema in lower extremities from 85.7 to 30%, myalgia in legs, from 61 to 34%. The hormonal profile only showed changes in FSH, since the basal pretreatment level was found in 18.6 and the post-treatment value was 13.86, progesterone from 2.7 to 4.6 and prolactine from 7.74 to 6.82. We conclude the lisuride maleate is a good option to the PMS treatment, since a significative reduction of symptoms are induced and it is well tolerated.
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PMID:[Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS) with lisuride maleate]. 901 40

The efficacy and tolerance of Lysine Clonixinate (LC), a NSAID with prostaglandin synthesis inhibiting mechanism was studied in 24 patients with primary dysmenorrhea according to a double-blind randomized crossover Placebo (P) controlled design with patients serving as their own controls. Treatment consisted in administering 1 tablet of LC or P q6h as from onset of menstrual pain during 5 days and 6 menstrual cycles. Patients were controlled monthly as from the 5th day of the cycle, rating changes in pain intensity according to a 4-point scale, presence of pain during pre-, post- and menstrual periods; possible intracycle changes, amount of bleeding, tolerance and related total and general signs and symptoms. Intensity of baseline menstrual pain amounted to 2.9. Menstrual, intramenstrual and postmenstrual pains were observed in 19 out of 24, 24/24 and only 2 out of the 24 patients, respectively. Concomitant symptoms consisted in headache (12), mastalgia (14) and discomfort (12). Results were obtained by averaging the data from the treatment periods with each drug. Menstrual pain was reduced from 2.9 +/- 0.7 to 1.9 +/- 0.7 with P administration and to 0.66 +/- 0.4 with the administration of LC, a highly significant difference between treatments (p < 0.0001). Premenstrual pain was reduced nonsignificantly from 0.79% to 0.58% with P administration and significantly to 0.29% with administration of LC (p < 0.001). Intramenstrual pain affecting all patients at baseline was reduced significantly by 9% with P and also significantly by 50% with LC (p < 0.001). No differences were encountered in concomitant symptoms during P treatment periods while the incidence was significantly reduced with LC (p < 0.0001). No changes in cycle duration or amount of bleeding were observed between treatments. No adverse events were reported.
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PMID:Lysine clonixinate in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. 922 87


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