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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sudden headache, visual loss, and mental change developed in three patients with unsuspected pituitary tumours. In each case stereotaxic transnasal cannulation of the intrasellar mass demonstrated a liquid haematoma under moderate pressure which could be easily aspirated. Restoration of vision and relief from neurological disturbances was prompt. Radiation therapy was then administered to prevent recurrence.
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PMID:Treatment of acute haemorrhage of pituitary tumours. 4 48

A 37-year-old woman suffered from headaches, right facial pain, double vision and occasional tinnitus. On examination there was only a slightly dilated right pupil, weakened corneal reflex and capillary bleeding from telangiectasia of both hands. Similar bleedings occured in her mother (mouth and hands) and son (nose). The arteriography of the right carotid artery showed a cavernous sinus fistula with a small shunt. Steady compression of the carotid artery by hand caused a marked improvement in the subjective symptomatology.
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PMID:[Spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula in a case of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Rendu) (author's transl)]. 5 Oct 64

Divided into four groups according to different kind and cause of disorder, 240 patients showing psychosomatic disorders have been treated with chlorazepate dipotassium only or in combination with clomipramine and dihydroergotamine tartrate ambulant or in hospital, depending on the degree of severity of the disorder. With 101 clinically treated cases of cyclothymic depression good results were obtained with combined treatment with chlorazepate dipotassium while reducing the dose of the antidepressant. The same result was obtained with 63 patients suffering from severe neurasthenic exhaustion and 13 patients with general neurodystonic symptoms treated with chlorazepate dipotassium only. The combination of the usual dihydroergotamine tartrate medication with a chlorazepate dipotassium treatment over several months showed longlasting good therapeutic results, confirmed by follow-up examinations, in 31 out of 40 cases with migraine respectively vasomotor headache. In the other nine patients with migraine the complaints persisted only in rare instances.
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PMID:[The role of chlorazepate dipotassium (Tranxilium) in the therapy of psychosomatic syndromes (author's transl)]. 5 67

80 strictly selected patients with chronic renal insufficiency with plasma creatinine values of 1.4--14.5 mg% were examined according to a fixed scheme to determine the presence of symptoms and signs of renal encephalopathy. The general cerebral symptoms complained of were headache in 33.4% of the patient material, dizziness in 30.3%, easy fatigability in 62.5%, giddiness in 18.8% and insomnia in 37.5%. The most prominent neurological findings were hyperactive deep reflexes in 30% and action tremor in 23.8%. The symptoms of organic brain syndrome were impairment of memory in 32.5%, weakness of concentration in 28.8% and lability of affect in 63.7%. Diffuse EEG abnormalities were found in 26.2%. While the clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms did not show any statistically significant correlation with the various internal medical data, a trend was observed in the greater number of pathological EEGs with an increase in the impairment of renal function. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation, (alpha less than or equal to0.015) between the occurrence of pathological EEGs and the plasma creatinine and BUN values. It is remarkable that the patients with abnormal EEGs had a relatively low mean creatinine level of 5.89 mg%. The strict dietetic management of the patients is regarded as one of the deciding factors for the relatively low frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the material studied.
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PMID:Neuropsychiatric symptomatology with chronic renal insufficiency in the stage of compensated and decompensated retention. I. CNS disturbances. 5 91

Nasal cytograms, as an aid to diagnosis of pathological conditions of the nose and paranasal sinuses, have not been adopted by the majority of otolaryngologists. This situation exists because of technical problems with the preparation of a slide and the difficulty in finding someone competent and interested in its interpretation. The work of the Bryans has provided an analysis of the cytology of nasal secretions. Adopting their methods, we have been using the nasal cytogram in clinical practice and find it helpful in determining appropriate therapy for problems encountered in otolaryngological practice. In the authors' experience, profuse nasal mastocytosis is a consistent finding in cytograms from patients having varied symptoms that are associated with hypersensitivities that are not accompanied by positive objective findings. This is especially true in patients with constantly recurring headaches and those with a chronically obstructed nose. Once many mast cells are found by the cytogram, attempts are made to relieve these patients by selective dietary restrictions. These attempts are often successful. The nasal cytogram is also used to help explain periodic symptom flares in the long term allergy patient undergoing immunotherapy for inhalants, by identifying superimposed viral and bacterial infections.
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PMID:Cytology of nasal secretions: further diagnostic help. 5 60

A new sustained-action preparation of quinidine-bisulfate (BM-Chinidin Retard) was investigated in 21 patients. After a single oral dose of 1 g peak plasma levels are reached within 3-4 hours with an unsubstantial decrease during the following 4 hours. After 2 g in three divided doses within 12 hours maximal plasma levels are found after 14-16 hours, but an effective level is reached as early as 4 hours after the first dose. With 1 g Chinidin retard given in two doses within 24 hours, varying plasma concentrations are reached after 24 hours, reaching a maximum after 48 hours and decreasing to a medium level thereafter. The minimal concentrations measured were 23 percent lower than the maximal concentrations suggesting that during longterm application rather stable plasma levels are achieved. The effectiveness of the preparation was demonstrated in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter, supra-ventricular and ventricular premature beats. Longterm treatment was attempted in all patients. Quinidine effectiveness and plasma concentrations were constant throughout the observation period. Side effects were rare: inappetence, vertigo, and headache were observed transiently in 4 patients without necessitating a change in medication. ECG-alterations occurred as described for quinidine-prepartions in general.
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PMID:[Plasma level studies of quinidine retard, their significance for dosage and onset of effect]. 5 66

A syndrome of headache, chills, sweating, nausea, and exhaustion during and after haemodialysis is described and likened to metal fume fever. A patient has been cured of this syndrome following removal of copper-containing parts from the water-path of her home dialysis system.
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PMID:Haemodialysis and copper fever. 5 13

The mode of action of some classical and newer drugs used in the preventive interval treatment of migraine is discussed in the light of a modern theory of the pathogenesis of migraine headache. This headache is produced when two elements--a passive distension of the extracranial arteries and a lowering of the pain threshold of the receptors situated in the walls of the affected vessels--are present simultaneously. The main humoral factors involved in this phenomenon are plasma-kinins, serotonin and--to a lesser degree--histamine. The role played by serotonin which is released by the blood platelets at the onset of the attack is twofold: on the one hand, free serotonin increases the permeability of the capillaries, favouring transudation of plasmakinins, and lowers the pain threshold, while on the other hand, its increased excretion causes a secondary reduction in its plasma concentration, promoting hypotonicity of the extracranial vessels. Among the substances used for prophylactic interval treatment, some, such as dihydroergotamine, clonidine and the beta-blocking agents have a purely vascular site of action, maintaining--by various mechanisms--the tone of the extracranial arteries and thus reducing their lability. Methysergide and pizotifene have a chiefly indirect effect on the vessels, by potentiating the effect of catecholamines or helping to maintain free serotonin at a certain level. They act primarily against the humoral elements responsible for lowering the pain threshold: methysergide by inhibiting the release and blocking the effects of serotonin, by countering the potentiating effect of serotonin on the pain induced by plasmakinins and by inhibiting histamine release; pizotifene by inhibiting the release and blocking the effects of histamine, by blocking the effects of serotonin and by slightly inhibiting the peripheral effects of plasmakinins. Thus, the multifactorial pathogenesis of migraine helps to explain the effectiveness against migraine of substances possessing the most varied pharmacodynamic profiles.
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PMID:[Mechanism of action of drugs currently used in the prevention of migraine]. 5 25

In ophthalmoscopy, optic disc drusen often bear a fallacious resemblance to true papilloedema and some of those affected have neurological disorders. Adequate realization among neuropaediatricians of the relation between drusen and these disorders may save some children from neuroradiological and neurosurgical investigations, often considered unavoidable for exclusion of an intracranial process. Systematic evaluation in a series of 50 children with optic disc drusen showed that neurological disorders are common even in subjects brought to examination for other reasons than neurological symptoms. The findings showed accumulation into two subgroups. There was a group of 15 clumsy children with learning difficulties and delayed development of speech. Another group consisted of 20 children with sudden convulsions and/or headache and vomiting, and with EEG abnormalities but otherwise normal neurological findings. In addition, there were a subgroup with miscellaneous abnormalities and a minor group of children in whom no abnormalities were found except for the eye anomaly.
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PMID:Neurological and developmental findings in children with optic disc drusen. 6 Jul 29

Disopyramide (B 712) was tested in 39 patients with chronic arrhythmias of different kind: 23 cases with atrial fibrillation, 16 cases with ventricular ectopic beats, two cases with supraventricular tachycardias. The effect of disopyramide was compared to a pretreatment with one or several antiarrhythmic drugs (quinidine, beta-blocking agents, verapamil, ajmalin-bitartrat, aprindine, propafenone, diphenylhydantoin) which had been discontinued either due to ineffectiveness or the occurrence of intolerable side effects. Therapeutical effectiveness was controlled by on-line arrhythmia computers in the CCU or Holter monitoring. 15 patients were treated longer than 4 weeks up to 16 months (mean 35+/-22,6 weeks). The following results were achieved: 1 atrial fibrillation, abolition or significant reduction of the rate of recurrence in 10 out of 23 patients; slight reduction or no effect in 13 patients; 2. ventricular ectopic beats: abolition or significant reduction in 6 out of 16 patients, slight reduction or no effect in the remaining 10 patients. Patients who were treated successfully received the same dosis as those without therapeutical success. In cases with atrial fibrillation, the success was dependent on the duration of this arrhythmia prior to treatment. In comparison to the pretreatment with one or several of the above-mentioned anti-arrhythmic drugs, disopyramide was as effective as the drug given before. The analysis of the Ecg revealed a slight but insignificant prolongation of the time intervals. In 22 patients reversible dosage-dependent side effects were observed which are due to the vagolytic action of the drug: dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary hesitancy, nausea, headache. These side effects occurred at daily dosages between 400 to 800 mg increasing markedly in patients on 800 mg a day. The drug had to be discontinued in 4 cases because of side effects. During long-term treatment no severe side effects were observed. Thus, disopyramide may serve as an alternative to quinidine, especially if the latter has to be stopped because of side effects.
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PMID:[Antiarrhythmic effect of disopyramide in ventricular extrasystole and auricular fibrillation]. 6 64


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