Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic treatment with beta-blockers was interrupted abruptly in six patients with arterial hypertension. Three patients, who had experienced symptoms during a previous withdrawal, again complained of transient palpitations, tremor, sweating, headache and general malaise. A significant increase in standing blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) was noted after 24 h. The standing HR reached a maximum after 48 h and had decreased significantly on the 7th day (p less than 0.005). There was a strong tendency to greater increase in standing BP and HR in the patients who experienced symptoms than in those who did not. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline and prolactin did not change significantly. Thus, beta-blocker withdrawal symptoms are reproducible and are indicative of a transient sympathetic hyperresponse. The increased activity is not likely to be caused by increased production of circulating catecholamines, but rather by increased sensitivity of the beta-receptor.
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PMID:Abrupt withdrawal of beta-blocking agents in patients with arterial hypertension. Effect on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamines and prolactin. 3 93

Several beta-adrenergic blocking agents are on the market in Western Germany. They differ not only in their beta-blocking potency and selectivity but also in their unspecific effects, as intrinsic activity and membrane stabilizing properties. Also the pharmacokinetic behaviour varies widely. From the clinical point of view the selectivity is important for avoiding an aggravation of an underlying obstructive lung disease of effects in the peripheral vascular bed. The intrinsic activity on the one hand might be responsible for some side effects like nightmare or headache; the slowing of resting heart rate on the other hand might be less pronounced. The discrepancies of bio-availability might be overcome by increasing the oral dose.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis with adrenergic beta blockers]. 3 95

Many therapies have been tried in migraines syndroms without completely successful results. So it seems to us interesting to try the efficiency of triapride in this indication. There were 4 observations of patients treated during six months, at least. they all four showed excellent, or very good results. Clinically, headaches of migraine syndroms have been less frequent and less acute; sometimes they have completely disappeared. So, we think that triapride may, in particular migraines, be useful in long term therapy.
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PMID:[Migraines and tiapride. About four observations (author's transl)]. 3 44

Although deleterious events following abrupt withdrawal of antihypertensive treatment are relatively uncommon, considerable attention has recently been focused on this problem. A withdrawal syndrome may occur after termination of almost all types of antihypertensive drugs, but most experience has been with the centrally acting agents and with beta-adrenoreceptor blockers. Abrupt discontinuation of high doses of centrally acting drugs such as alpha-methyldopa, clonidine, and guanabenz can produce a syndrome of sympathetic overactivity that includes agitation, headache, sweating, and nausea and less commonly can provoke rapid upswings in blood pressure. If beta blockers are suddenly stopped, a similar pattern can occur that may be related to excessive activity of thyroid hormones as well as sympathetic factors. Additionally, patients with ischemic heart disease may be susceptible to an acute exacerbation of their cardiac disease when beta-blocker treatment is stopped. It seems likely that discontinuation events can be particularly severe when combinations of different types of antihypertensive medications are sud-disease when betablocker treatment is denly stopped. This problem can be dealt with by educating patients to avoid sudden drug cessation and when elective discontinuation is planned, by gradual dose reduction.
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PMID:The abrupt discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment. 3 49

An interim report at six months of a post-marketing surveillance study of Euhypnos Forte, a new high-dose temazepam preparation for the treatment of insomniac patients resistant to conventional hypnotic dosage. The analysis includes 2,043 First Reports (FRs) of two weeks treatment and 669 Second Reports (SRs) of three months treatment. More than 95% of the patients took a nightly dose of two capsules, temazepam 40 mg. Adverse reactions were generally acceptable, consisting mainly of headache, vivid dreams, gastro-intestinal disturbances and hangover effects. The preparation was effective in 88.6% of patients at two weeks and 95.8% at three months. All patients had previously found other hypnotics ineffective. Euhypnos Forte was rated effective by 85.5% of the 874 patients who had previously found nitrazepam unsatisfactory, and by 90.0% of the 201 who found barbiturates unsatisfactory.
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PMID:Euhypnos Forte (temazepam) for resistant insomnia: post-marketing surveillance, an interim report. 4 Aug 39

Pheochromocytoma is an infrequent cause of hypertension. In spite of its rarity, pheochromocytoma has assumed notorious importance because or a wide variety of clinical features associated with this syndrome. Hypertension remains the most important clinical lead. The presence of other features, such as severe headache, perspiration, palpitations or orthostatic hypotension, makes the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma likely. The diagnosis of this condition can be made with greater certainty than that of any other form of secondary hypertension. Pharmacologic tests are no longer used for evaluation purposes. Biochemical tests are the most important aids to diagnosis, provided highly specific methods are used to determine the levels of urinary catecholamines or their metabolites. Interference by various drugs should be avoided. Most of the pheochromocytomas are found in the abdomen, predominantly in the adrenals. Successful outcome of surgery depends critically on adequate preoperative preparation of the patient with adrenergic blocking drugs and proper intraoperative care. Surgery should only be performed in an institution with experience in treating these tumors. Invasive localizing procedures could be dangerous in patients with pheochromocytoma and are best avoided. Medical therapy proves to be quite successful for those patients who are unable or unwilling to undergo surgery and for those with demonstrated malignant tumor. The postoperative course in most instances is uneventful. The physician should be aware of familial forms of pheochromocytomas and screen all the hypertensive members of the patient's family for the presence of this condition. Pheochromocytoma, with its multiple facets, presents a challenge to the clinician; however, with prompt diagnosis and proper treatment, pheochromocytoma can often be cured. The improved management of patients with this potentially lethal condition is the result of better knowledge of biochemical pharmacology, improved preoperative, surgical and postoperative care.
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PMID:Pheochromocytoma--recognition and management. 4 12

Recent studies have shown that the explanation given for the analgesic effects of neuroleptics based only upon modification of pain interpretation is not valid at the present time. Studies by K. Ramabadran, J. J. C. Jacob, Greese et al., of Leysen and Smee and Overstreet, which take into the account the secretion of endogeneous "ligands" enkephalins and endorphins, offer the possibility of a better approach for understanding the role of neuroleptics in the control of pain. We have attempted to use this interpretation to explain the regular and constant efficacy of tiapride against pain generally and particularly in headaches.
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PMID:[Neuroleptics and analgesia (author's transl)]. 4 80

Treatment with the histamine H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine, alone and/or in combination with the histamine H1 receptor antagonist, chlorpyramine, in 13 patients showed that cimetidine alone was ineffective. 7 of 9 patients taking the combination of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists responded well to the treatment; in 1 patient, medication was ineffective and in 1 patient, success was doubtful. In 3 patients with chronic cluster headache, the effect faded after 4 weeks. The results are discussed.
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PMID:Therapy of cluster headache with histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists. 4 54

The clinical effects of oral flunitrazepam (2 mg on the night before operation followed by 2 mg on the morning of operation) and placebo as premedicants were tested in a double-blind study in 81 gynaecological patients. The separate or total concentrations of flunitrazepam and its demethylated metabolite in plasma (measured by gas chromatography) were correlated with the clinical effects of flunitrapam premedication, assessed both sugjectively and objectively. In most parameters tested (sleep on the night before operation, sedation, apprehension, headache, pulse rate), there was a positive, significant difference between the flunitrazepam group (n = 44) and the placebo group (n = 37). No significant difference was found between the two groups in emetic effect, excitement, systolic blood pressure increase, and vene-puncture, but the patients receiving flunitrazepam felt significantly more dizziness. The temperature of the left forefinger before, during and after the anaesthesia did not vary significantly between the two groups. There was no correlation between the plasma concentration of flunitrazepam and its demethylated metabolite (separate or total concentrations) and any of the parameters tested before induction of anaesthesia. Flunitrazepam is a new oral premedicant with prominent sedative and anxiolytic actions. When the drug is given as a sedative on the night before operation, followed by a second dose on the morning of operation, the beneficial effects last for at least 8 hours after the second dose.
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PMID:Flunitrazepam versus placebo premedication for minor surgery. 4 32

In a clinical survey the relation between migraine and menstruation was studied in 142 otherwise healthy women. In 24, onset of migraine coincided with the year of menarch. Of the 138 patients in whom onset of migraine predated the menopause, there were only 13 in whom attacks occurred regularly, and only, just before or during menstruation; in a further 11 attacks occurred regularly in relation to menstruation and at other times. Those with menstrually related migraine were more likely to have onset of migraine at menarche, to have associated weight gain and breast discomfort as part of a periodic syndrome, and to show improvement during pregnancy. There appeared no clear pattern of change at the menopause. In a study of reproductive hormones, blood was collected daily throughout a menstrual cycle from each of 8 women with menstrually related migraine, 6 with menstrually non-related migraine, and 8 healthy headache-free controls. Plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (F.S.H.), luteinising hormone (L.H.), prolactin, oestrogen, and progesterone were measured in all. Plasma-testosterone was measured in 8 migraine patients. Mean plasma oestrogen and progesterone levels were significantly higher in migraine patients than controls for most of the menstrual cycle, with the most striking differences found in the late luteal phase for progesterone. No significant difference was found between the menstrually related and non-related patients for these or the other hormones measured. Mean plasma-prolactin levels were lower in migraine subjects than controls, but the difference was not significant. Mean plasma F.S.H. and L.H. levels were similar in both migraine and control groups. Plasma-testosterone levels were within the range for normal in the 8 migraine patients studied. No specific hormone changes were associated with the occurrence of a migraine attack, nor did rising or falling levels, or greater increments of change over given cycle phases, appear important in provoking attacks.
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PMID:Migraine and reporoductive hormones throughout the menstrual cycle. 4 17


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