Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reported a 10-year-old boy with congenital plasminogen abnormality resulting in recurrent cerebrovascular ischemic attacks. He suddenly developed dystonia of the left upper limb at 9 years of age. MRI demonstrated small infarcts in the right thalamus and caudate nucleus. He then had a transient ischemic attack at 10 years. He complained of headache, vertigo, diplopia, and unsteady gait. DNA analysis revealed that he was heterozygotic for abnormal plasminogen. Thus, congenital plasminogen abnormality was suspected to be a cause of recurrent cerebrovascular ischemic attacks in this case.
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PMID:[A case of congenital plasminogen abnormality with recurrent cerebrovascular ischemic attacks]. 1056 90

In the examination of 44 patients with primary hypoplasia of the vertebral artery (less than 2.5 mm in diameter) associated with osteochondrosis of the cervical segment of the vertebral column there have been revealed the following neuropathological manifestations of cerebral circulation insufficiency in the vertebral-basilar basin: cephalalgia, cochlear syndrome, vestibulocerebellar syndrome, vegetovascular dystonia. Ultrasound investigation of the vertebral arteries bloodflow showed a decrease in bloodflow in the intracranial length of the hypoplastic artery and an increase in the resistance to bloodflow in the extracranial segments (V2, V3). Ten patients with functional disorders in the cervical portion of the spine were exposed to orthopedic therapy directed to restoration of mobility and of topography of individual motor segments of the spinal cervical section. The studies made showed that hypoplasia of vertebral arteries can present as cerebral circulatory insufficiency in the vertebral-basilar basin, which tends to increase or reveals itself in a concurrent development of vertebrogenic reflex vasoconstriction. Restoration of the spine function (mobility) is an effective medico-prophylactic measure aimed to resolve the vertebrogenically caused spasm of the artery.
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PMID:[The clinico-dopplerographic characteristics of the initial manifestations of cerebral circulatory insufficiency in patients with vertebral artery hypoplasia combined with osteochondrosis of the cervical spine]. 1087 76

The influence of the dopaminergic system on the pathophysiology of migraine has been suggested as a result of recent genetic discoveries. A possible hyper-reactivity of the dopaminergic receptors DRD2 reinforced the evidence regarding this. We describe a 31 years-old male patient affected by a generalized dystonia secondary to perinatal hypoxia. At age 16, the patient started having headache crises that met the criteria for migraine with aura. After three years of treatment for dystonia with tetrabenazine, a clear reduction in the frequency, intensity and duration of the crises was perceived. During two periods longer than two months, the interruption of the treatment with tetrabenazine brought about an aggravation of the migraine crises. We present this case as being the first description in the literature showing the beneficial effects of tetrabenazine, a blocker of dopaminergic receptors, on the behavior of migraine with aura.
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PMID:[Change in the biological pattern of migraine with aura after the use of tetrabenazine: case report]. 1092 Apr 24

Prochlorperazine (Compazine, PCZ) is a frequently used medication in the emergency department (ED). Akathisia and dystonia are known adverse reactions to the use of this medication, but their incidence in the ED has not been well studied. We conducted a prospective, descriptive study to evaluate the frequency of akathisia and dystonia in the ED from the use of IV or IM PCZ in patients with nausea/vomiting or headache. Two hundred-twenty nine patients (> or =18 years old) were enrolled and contacted within 2 weeks of ED discharge to access the incidence of these adverse reactions. After the use of PCZ in the ED, 16% of patients developed akathisia and 4% developed dystonia. Emergency physicians and our patients need to be aware of these potential adverse reactions to the use of PCZ in the ED.
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PMID:Frequency of adverse reactions to prochlorperazine in the ED. 1123 74

Japanese-B virus encephalitis (JE) is considered a uniphasic illness with a variable outcome. Biphasic illness patterns have never been reported previously. From an endemic zone in India we observed six patients of JE (from 62 patients treated in 7 years) who had an early relapse resulting in the biphasic clinical course. Five had poor socio-economic status and three had laboratory evidence of nutritional deficiency. Two patients were adults and the other four were children. Fever, rigors, headaches, body aches, altered consciousness, rigidity and tremors predominated the first phase of illness. During the second phase, behavioural changes, dystonia, pen-oral dyskinesia, drooling, mutism and muscle wasting due to anterior horn cell involvement were the important features. Though the serial antibody titres against the JE virus showed a four-fold rise in the initial or late convalescent phases, there was no increase during the second phase of the illness as compared to the first phase. On MRI, fresh lesions appeared during the second phase at the sites known for their involvement in JE, suggesting recrudescence of the virus. One patient survived with major sequelae, two with minor sequelae and the other three had complete recovery. We conclude that some patients with JE may have an early relapse after partial recovery, giving rise to the biphasic illness pattern. A locally prevalent genetic variant of the virus or host factors may be responsible for the altered clinical course of the disease. Biphasic illness does not necessarily mean a bad prognosis.
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PMID:Biphasic illness pattern due to early relapse in Japanese-B virus encephalitis. 1116 88

Morbidity analysis of 350 children from somatic hospital has revealed clinical manifestations of autonomic dystonia syndrome (ADS) in 36% of the cases in the form of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular disorders, headache syndrome, etc. It was found that in the patients with a prevalence of vagotonia clinical manifestations of ADS rose at earlier age and differed by more variety than in combined and sympathotonic types of autonomic homeostasis. Headache syndrome was rather frequent in ADS and was observed in 35% of the patients. In children with vagotonic type of ADS, a headache syndrome presented most frequently (43%) in the forms of migraine and headache of tension (HAT). Clinical manifestations of autonomic dystonia were more pronounced in children with HAT. Meanwhile, autonomic dysfunction had hereditary origin and was milder in periods between the attacks in cases of migraine.
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PMID:[Headache syndrome in children with autonomic dysfunction]. 1153 Apr 50

This article discusses the neurophysiology of myofascial pain syndrome. The local twitch response is a characteristic finding of this condition; it is activated by snapping palpation, pressure, or needle insertion at the trigger point. It is manifested by a burst of activity in the muscle band that contains the activated trigger point. No activity is seen at other muscles bands. Data from experiments with the rabbit indicate that this is a spinal reflex, as it is abolished by transection of the motor nerve innervating the trigger point and infusion of lidocaine. Transection of the spinal cord above the level of the trigger point fails to permanently alter the trigger point response. Needle examination recordings from trigger points show low-voltage spontaneous activity and activity resembling end-plate spikes. This activity is reduced with infusion of phentolamine and local intramuscular infusions of phenoxybenzamine. There are four hypotheses to explain the findings seen at the trigger point. The first is that trigger points are found at the muscle spindle. While this theory may explain the effects of alpha-adrenergic antagonists at the trigger point, it does not fully explain the electromyographic (EMG) findings recorded at the trigger point. The second theory is that trigger points represent hyperactive end-plate regions, as the EMG activity recorded at trigger points resembles that described at the end-plate region. Other theories that either deny the existence of myofascial pain syndrome or believe it represents a focal dystonia are also discussed.
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2001 Oct
PMID:The neurophysiology of myofascial pain syndrome. 1156 Aug 8

Dystonia is a neurologic syndrome whose etiology is not well recognized. We report a sixteen year old patient with difficulty in playing piano, with disability of the left hand, forearm and arm. Short after, she underwent "absence" crises and headache. Neuroradiological exams showed a deep temporal lobe cavernous angioma. It is a rare association between both diseases and there are no reports about segmental dystonia associated to pseudoabsence epilepsy and sporadic migraine secondary to cavernous angioma. Twenty five per cent of dystonias have a secondary cause and we suggest a neuroradiologic investigation.
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PMID:[Segmental dystonia as manifestation of cavernous angioma: case report]. 1158 47

The impressive pain relief experienced by sufferers of dystonia and spasticity from intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin suggested that patients with other chronic, musculoskeletal pain conditions also may benefit. However, there have been relatively few placebo-controlled studies of botulinum toxin in such non-neurologic conditions as myofascial pain syndrome, chronic neck and low back pain, and fibromyalgia; the results of these studies have not been impressive. One explanation for the lack of positive findings may be the lack of clinically evident muscle spasms (overactivity), despite the presence of muscle tenderness, tightness, or trigger points. Clinical observations of pain relief from injections of botulinum toxin for dystonia and spasticity and its apparent efficacy in treating migraine suggest an anti-nociceptive action independent of its neuromuscular junction-blocking action. Evidence from animal experiments supports this notion, and other data provide plausible physiologic mechanisms in the periphery and central nervous systems. These involve modulation of the activity of the neurotransmitters glutamate, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, enkephalins, and others. However, even if botulinum toxin is firmly established as an analgesic, there is insufficient clinical evidence of its efficacy in treating non-neurologic, chronic, musculoskeletal pain conditions.
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2002 Dec
PMID:Botulinum toxin for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain and spasm. 1241 5

Sixty patients with abuse headache (AHA) (58 women and 2 men, mean age 44.5 years) and 10 age- and sex-matched controls have been studied. AHA diagnostic criteria were as follows: daily or almost daily headache, daily or every other day use of analgesics, primary headache (migraine or headache of tension--HAT) in anamnesis, uneffectiveness of medication. Clinico-neurological analysis, headache diary, Beck depression scale, Spilberger Trait/State Inventory, "Pain lifetime anamnesis", autonomic dystonia questionnaire, evaluation of night-time sleep score subjective characteristics and nociceptive flexor reflex (R-111) (NFR) determination were used. The results obtained confirmed the literature data that analgesics abuse in migraine resulted in AHA 2 times more often than in HAT. The causes were mainly psychogenic: mood improvement, night-time sleep normalization and post-stress cephalgia intensification. An influence of such factors as age and menopause was not found. Headache was of mixed character with features of both migraine and HAT and was not dependent on cephalgia type in anamnesis. Quantity of analgesics taken by the patients ranged from 40 to 120 tablets a month and influenced, in general, a speed of primary HA to AHA transformation. For AHA formation, systematic analgesics intake was more significant comparing to its absolute quantity. Pronounced psycho-autonomic disorders and night-time sleep disturbances in AHA were revealed. In analgesics abuse, pain and NFR thresholds were significantly higher as compared to controls. However, pain to reflex thresholds ratio proved to be reduced that indicated a relative deficiency of antinociceptive system which is necessary for pain syndrome reduction.
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PMID:[Psychophysiological features of analgesics abuse headache]. 1244 59


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