Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a double-blind comparison of 21 inpatients with endogenous depression 225 mg zimeldine demonstrated the same degree of antidepressive efficacy as 150 mg amitriptyline after 4 weeks of treatment. Only "sleep disturbances" on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS) showed significant (P less than 0.05) improvement with amitriptyline. Only small differences in the frequency of side effects were seen. In the zimeldine group, increased sweating and headache were more pronounced, while the amitriptyline patients more often reported dry mouth and constipation. Body weight was not significantly changed by either treatment. In the zimeldine group, treatment had to be interrupted in three patients due to hypersensitivity reactions in the form of drug fever. Three other patients in the zimeldine group showed clinically significant elevation of liver enzymes. Hypersensitivity reactions and abnormal blood chemistry were both reversible. The adverse reactions are discussed, the cause of the occurrence remaining unknown.
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PMID:Zimeldine versus amitriptyline in endogenous depression. A double-blind study with special reference to effects on liver function. 623 28

The effects of tiapride were studied in 180 patients, including 165 with cephalalgia originating in various causes and 15 with other types of pain. 110 of the 165 patients with cephalalgia completed the study; results were good or excellent in 78 (71%), with no differences related the the cause of the headache. 13 of the 15 patients with other types of pain completed the study, with good or excellent results in 10. Tiapride was given in a daily dose of three tablets a day in outpatients, and two daily intramuscular injections in hospitalized patients. Tolerance was excellent in 109 of the 123 patients (88%). Recorded side-effects were drowsiness in 4 patients, asthenia in 3, ebrious manifestations in 3, amenorrhea-galactorrhea in 2 and constipation in 2.
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PMID:[Effect of tiapride on headache and various other types of pain]. 629 72

The antihypertensive efficacy of monotherapy with the calcium antagonists nifedipine (n = 60) and verapamil (n = 43) was investigated in patients with essential hypertension. Relationships between age, pretreatment blood pressure, pretreatment plasma renin activity, and hypotensive response were examined. Intraindividual differences in the responses to both drugs were also studied (n = 16). Treatment with verapamil had to be discontinued because of constipation in one patient; treatment with nifedipine was discontinued because of headache in 11 and ankle edema in one. The antihypertensive efficacy of nifedipine and verapamil was comparable and was positively related to pretreatment mean blood pressure (p less than 0.001) and inversely to pretreatment plasma renin activity (p less than 0.05). With verapamil, the fall in blood pressure correlated positively with the patient's age (p less than 0.001). Thus, calcium antagonists can be used as first-line drugs, especially in older and low renin patients. The relationship between the antihypertensive response and pretreatment blood pressure suggests that there may be a calcium influx-dependent vasoconstrictor mechanism in essential hypertension which may be more pronounced in patients with low plasma renin.
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PMID:Factors influencing the hypotensive effects of calcium antagonists. 634 78

In a Finnish general practice 120 patients with psychosomatic disorders, manifest as syndromes of tension headache, cardiac neurosis, dizziness or muscular tension, were randomly allocated to treatment over a 4-week period with either flupenthixol (1 to 2 mg per day) or diazepam (5 to 10 mg mg per day). The 4 syndromes and 12 associated symptoms (anxiety, fatigue, depression, pain, asthenia, muscle fatiguability, tension, dyspnoea, restlessness, palpitations, sleep disorders, and vertigo) were rated on a 4-point scale on entry, at 2 weeks and at 4 weeks. Both drugs reduced significantly the average total scores for syndromes and single symptoms after 2-weeks' treatment. Flupenthixol was the more effective in relieving fatigue and vertigo; diazepam in relieving headache, anxiety, tension, restlessness and sleep disturbance. Cardiac neurosis, palpitations and general muscular tension responded poorly to both drugs. After 4 weeks, relief of vertigo, pain and fatigue was more evident in the flupenthixol group, and of anxiety, tension and restlessness in the diazepam group. Side-effects were complained of at some stage by 17 patients in the flupenthixol group (9 of fatigue, 5 of sleep disturbance, 1 of constipation, 1 of extrapyramidal symptoms, and 1 of weight gain) and by 16 patients in the diazepam group (10 of fatigue, 4 of sleep problems and 2 of diarrhoea).
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PMID:Flupenthixol versus diazepam in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders: a double-blind, multi-centre trial in general practice. 637 78

Three double-blind, placebo controlled studies found isocarboxazid (40-50 mg/day) to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of atypical depression. The few instances of liver function elevations were generally borderline; one patient had a marked increase of both SGOT and SGPT (with normal bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase) at Week 6 which normalized over the next several months. Another patient had a mild, temporary hypertensive reaction after eating cheese but did not require any treatment alterations. Drops in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures, as well as orthostatic changes, were common but generally mild and well-tolerated. The most frequently noted side effects were dizziness, headache, dry mouth, insomnia, and constipation. Clinical adverse reactions tended to be mild and to respond to dosage decreases. Isocarboxazid appears to be an underutilized and potentially valuable agent for the treatment of depressed patients.
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PMID:Side effects of isocarboxazid. 637 85

The prevalence of lead induced subjective symptoms was evaluated by a standardised questionnaire in a group of 96 workers employed between nine and 45 years in a secondary lead smelting works. A control group of 96 non-lead exposed subjects, matched for age and sex, were chosen from the Glostrup population study. Blood lead concentrations were in excess of 60 micrograms/100 ml in about 30% of the lead workers. Zinc protoporphyrin levels were found to be higher than 500 mumol/Hb in nearly 18% of the lead workers. The prevalence of fatigue, headache, sleep disturbance, and digestive symptoms (constipation and colic) were not higher in the lead exposed group. The body weight showed no significant difference in the two groups. Nervousness was four times more frequent in the control group. The results indicate that subjective symptoms are useless as indicators of incipient lead poisoning.
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PMID:Subjective symptoms after long term lead exposure in secondary lead smelting workers. 687 Nov 20

The data presented in this paper examine the frequent statements that the regular use of the drug qat by the people of North Yemen is harmful to their health. The research strategy employed performance of blind physical examinations as well as extensive interviews with 335 females and 371 males in and around the cities of Sanaa, Taiz and Hodeida who had been selected using a quota sample. The sample was classified into heavy, light and non-chewers of the qat plant, and systematic comparisons were made. In general, few diseases or conditions occurred with enough frequency to permit detailed analysis and fewer yet were associated with qat-use. Where associations occurred, differences by sex were often strong. Conditions most strongly associated with use by both sexes were histories of gastritis and insomnia, and the general body system groupings of gastrointestinal disorders. In males the strongest associations were with the histories of anorexia, constipation, insomnia and headaches, as well as the general history of respiratory difficulties. In females strong associations were seen between qat-use and the diagnosis of acute gastritis, and histories of jaundice, bronchitis and hepatic diseases. When effects of age and residence were corrected for by Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios on these items, some of the associations were diminished even further. In general, remarkably few of the allegations regarding the direct effects of qat-use on health by Western visitors to Yemen were supported by this study.
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PMID:A medical evaluation of the use of qat in North Yemen. 687 37

Encouraged by the good results obtained using acupuncture anaesthesia, we started therapeutic acupuncture in our institute of anaesthesiology four years ago. In the meantime acupuncture is as important a therapeutic method in our out-patients department as are therapeutic local anaesthesia, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and biofeedback. The results in 520 patients who have been treated with acupuncture for different diseases are reported. The success of treatment, the number of sessions and the recurrence-rate within one and a half years are discussed for the different diseases. Acupuncture treatment was regarded successful when 1, the patient had no complaints at all without medication, and 2, when there was significant improvement (no long term medication, only mild complaints with unusual strain, which were responsive to minimal medication). Thus treatment in cephalgia was successful in 83% with no recurrences (NR) in 84%. In cervical pain syndromes the respective percentages were 80% (NR = 74%) in constipation 80% (NR = 72%), sinusitis 86% (NR = 100%), insomnia 100% (NR = 100%). Good results, albeit with high recurrence rate were achieved in cases of trigeminal neuralgia in 90% (NR = 23%), colitis ulcerosa in 100% (NR = 0%), in bronchial asthma 70% (NR = 50%) and in tumour pain 61% (NR = 0%). Treatment in patients suffering from parathymic conditions were unsatisfactory and results in cases of tinnitus were negative.
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PMID:[Acupuncture therapy in the outpatients-department of the University Clinic Heidelberg (author's transl)]. 697 22

1. The antihypertensive effects of the new phenylacetylguanidine compound, guanfacine, a sympathetic inhibitor with a central site of action, were compared with methyldopa in 20 out-patients with essential or renal hypertension (WHO grade I-II). 2. During a 6-week period in randomized cross-over conditions, guanfacine 3.5 mg daily caused a mean decrease of 24% in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). A normalization of blood pressure (BP < 145/95 mm Hg) was achieved in 50% of the patients and a 'good control' (BP < 160/100 mm Hg; > 145/95 mm Hg) in 90%. 3. Methyldopa 1.2 g daily led to a mean decrease in MAP of 12%. Normalization of blood pressure occurred in 15% and a 'good control' was achieved with 45% of the patients. Failure due to intolerance or ineffectiveness was observed in 40% of patients. 4. During therapy with guanfacine the following side-effects were noted: dryness of the mouth (n = 5), marked sedation (n = 2), constipation (n = 2), orthostasis (n = 1), collapse (n = 1) and atrioventricular block grade I on ECG (n = 1). Methyldopa caused headaches (n = 4), gastrointestinal disturbances (n = 4) and dryness of the mouth (n = 1). 5. The experience so far available seems to indicate that guanfacine is an effective antihypertensive drug which is more active than methyldopa in the doses used in this study.
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PMID:Comparative studies of guanfacine and methyldopa. 699 79

The effectiveness and safety of orally administered verapamil was tested in 11 patients with frequent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. In a 4-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the frequency of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia fell from 0.3 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SD) to 0.1 +/- 0.1 episodes per day by patient diary (p less than 0.05) and from 0.7 +/- 0.7 to 0.3 +/- 0.5 episodes per day by Holter monitor (p less than 0.05) for placebo and verapamil treatment periods, respectively. Verapamil caused a decrease in the duration of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (in minutes per day): placebo 27 +/- 51 by dairy, 67 +/- 111 by Holter; verapamil, 3 +/- 3 by diary, 1 +/- 2 by Holter (p less than 0.05). Five patients required a total of 35 pharmacologic cardioversions for sustained tachycardia: two during verapamil and 33 during placebo (p less than 0.001). No verapamil treatment period was shortened due to unacceptable paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, but five of 22 placebo treatment periods were shortened (p equal to 0.02). Verapamil was well-tolerated, causing mild constipation in five patients and headache in one. Oral verapamil is both safe and effective in the long-term treatment of patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
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PMID:Oral verapamil for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a long-term, double-blind randomized trial. 706 55


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