Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A detailed presentation of 15 case-histories of subjects of both sexes, drawn from all decennies of life from the first to the eight, suggesting a syndrome originated from a possible GABA deficiency, is carefully made. Such syndrome is believed to be characterized by basic depressive state, loss of the habit of stretching oneself, sleep disorders, mostly with early morning awakening, constipation and nuchal headache. The above symptoms have been associated to a deficiency of GABA after noting the very speed recovery after administration of N-dipropylacetic acid, an inhibitor of GABA transaminase.
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PMID:A syndrome from a possible GABA deficiency. Clinical-therapeutic report on 15 cases. 35 28

115 women, mean age 32.63, underwent sterilization by application of Tupla-Clips. The mean pregnancy rate was 2.7 and the mean birthrate was 2.23. 57% of the sterilizations were performed under the medical indication. 85% of the sterilizations were interval sterilizations. There were 3 cases of hematoma, 16 cases of broken or dropped clips, and 2 pregnancies. 14% of the patients reported that their menstrual cycles were irregular after the operation. 12% of the women had abdominal pain either immediately or at some time after the operation. 15 patients reported an inflammation after the operation. 29% of the patients suffered from headaches and 17% from constipation. 2% of the patients were psychologically unsatisfied with the operation. 5 women reported that their sex lives got worse after the operation; 33 reported an improvement. 6% would not recommend the operation to others.
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PMID:[Early and late complications after tubal ligations with the tupla-clip (author's transl)]. 52 Jul 77

A multicenter open trial involving 50 hypertension patients enabled evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of Isoptine L.P. (sustained release verapamil) in mild to moderate essential hypertension. Following a 2-week placebo run-in period, patients were given Isoptine L.P. (240 mg/24 h) as a morning dose for 3 months, with a possible dose increase (360 mg/24 h) in case of diastolic blood pressure of 95 mmHg or more at the 30-day evaluation. Blood pressure was measured by mercury sphygmomanometer and, in 20 patients, by a Dinamap type Automatic device. After 3 months of treatment, blood pressure levels in supine and standing position, measured manually and automatically, showed a highly significant decrease, with a mean fall of 18.4 mmHg for systolic (13.7 percent) and 13.2 mmHg diastolic (-14.6 percent). 67 percent of patients were responders after 1 month of treatment and 79 percent at 3 months, including one-fifth at the dose of 360 mg/24 h. Seventeen patients, i.e. 34 percent, reported one or more adverse reactions. Among these, four patients had to stop treatment, twice because of headache and twice for constipation. Adverse events seen most frequently were constipation, headache, tiredness and vomiting. No cardiac adverse events were reported with the exception of one case of atrial premature contractions. The electrocardiogram revealed significant slowing of heart rate, as well as slight prolongation of PR and QT intervals and slight widening of the QRS complex. Tolerability on the basis of laboratory parameters was good.
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PMID:[Efficacy and tolerability of isoptine LP in mild to moderate hypertension. A multicenter study with 50 patients]. 130 Sep 22

Two randomised single-blind comparative studies were carried out in patients receiving 5-day fractionated chemotherapy. The first which has been reported previously [1] compared granisetron (40 micrograms/kg) (n = 103) with alizapride (12 mg/kg) plus dexamethasone (8 mg) (n = 94) while the second compared granisetron (40 micrograms/kg) (n = 143) with metoclopramide (7 mg/kg) plus dexamethasone (12 mg) (n = 141). Granisetron, unlike alizapride or metoclopramide is a specific 5-HT3 antagonist. The percentage of complete responders (patients with no vomiting and no worse than mild nausea) over the 5-day treatment period was higher for granisetron than for alizapride/dexamethasone (54% vs. 42.7%) (P = 0.121) or for metoclopramide/dexamethasone (46.8% vs. 43.9%). The percentage of complete responders in the first 24 h was significantly higher for granisetron (90.3%) than for alizapride/dexamethasone (65.9%) (P less than 0.001) or for metoclopramide/dexamethasone (87.4% vs. 67.9% P less than 0.0001). Granisetron was also superior to both comparators in terms of the time to the first episode of moderate/severe nausea and to less than a complete response. Significantly fewer granisetron patients were withdrawn than in the alizapride/dexamethasone group (P = 0.017) or the metoclopramide/dexamethasone group (P less than 0.0001). In both studies more comparator patients were withdrawn due to lack of efficacy and adverse events. Significantly fewer granisetron patients experienced adverse events than in either the alizapride/dexamethasone group (47.6% vs. 61.7%, P = 0.047) or the metoclopramide/dexamethasone group (60.8% vs. 77.3% P = 0.003). Granisetron patients experienced a significantly higher occurrence of constipation in both studies (10.7% vs. 3.2% and 12.6% vs. 2.8%). Headache and fever were also more frequent in the granisetron group, while extrapyramidal effects, reported by 5.3% of the alizapride/dexamethsone group and 20.6% of the metoclopramide/dexamethasone group, were not reported in any granisetron patients.
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PMID:Fractionated chemotherapy--granisetron or conventional antiemetics? The Granisetron Study Group. 132 Sep 16

This randomised, double-blind, study was carried out in 930 patients in order to examine the efficacy and safety of oral granisetron in the dose range 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg twice daily. Oral granisetron was administered for either 7 or 14 days according to the chemotherapy regimen used. A total of 930 patients were enrolled into this study in order to be able to detect a difference of 15% between groups (80% power). The preliminary results showed that at 7 days efficacy was significantly greater for 1.0 mg b.d. (58.5%) than for 0.25 mg b.d. (43.7%) and indicated that, of the doses examined, the 1.0 mg b.d. dose was optimal in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. In agreement with this there were more withdrawals from the 0.25 and 0.5 mg groups due to lack of efficacy. The adverse events most frequently reported (in greater than 5% of patients) were constipation, headache, abdominal pain, fever, leucopenia and asthenia. The latter three are recognised side effects of the primary disease and of chemotherapy. The incidence of headache was similar to that seen in previous granisetron studies. Abdominal pain may have been related to constipation. The incidence of constipation (25.9%) was higher than that reported in previous granisetron studies but was not dose related. Thus oral granisetron at 1.0 mg twice daily is an effective antiemetic, offering a convenient dosing regimen without significant adverse events.
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PMID:Oral granisetron--simple and effective: a preliminary report. The Granisetron Study Group. 132 Sep 17

Granisetron is a new serotonin-receptor antagonist with considerable activity in preclinical models and early clinical studies against drug-induced nausea and vomiting. In a randomized, double-blind trial, two dose levels of granisetron were compared with regard to their efficacy and safety if given to patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy with or without cisplatin. The present paper reports the Dutch experience with 125 patients included in this international trial. The two dose levels (40 and 160 micrograms/kg given once i.v. prior to chemotherapy) were equally effective in preventing acute emesis and nausea (within the first 24 h); in the group receiving cisplatin doses of 50 mg/m2 or more, 39% of patients had a complete response (no vomiting and mild nausea at most), with a complete response rate of 82% in the patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Sixty-three percent of patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy with a complete response within 24 h lost this response during the next 6 days, as did 20% of the other patients. Headache was the most frequently reported adverse event (18%), followed by constipation (6%) and dizziness (4%). All adverse events were mild and occurred equally frequently at both dose levels. Granisetron at 40 micrograms/kg i.v. given once is effective in the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced emesis and nausea, in particular in patients receiving moderately emetogenic therapy.
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PMID:A randomized trial of two doses of granisetron in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis. Dutch results within a multinational study. 133 30

The effect of three times daily oral ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting was investigated in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre studies. The first study compared ondansetron 1, 8 and 16 mg to placebo, and the second study compared 8 mg ondansetron to placebo. Both studies included ASA Class I-III female patients about to undergo major abdominal gynaecological surgery or vaginal hysterectomy. In the first study, the 8 and 16 mg ondansetron groups had a significantly lower incidence of nausea and vomiting in the 0-24 h period following recovery from anaesthesia than the placebo group. Ondansetron 8 mg three times daily was also significantly better than placebo in the second study. Side-effects mainly consisted of constipation, headache, and asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes. The incidence of side-effects was similar in ondansetron- and placebo-treated patients. There appeared to be no clinically important benefit of the 16 mg three times daily ondansetron regimen over the 8 mg three times daily dose, therefore 8 mg three times daily is recommended as the optimal oral dose in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
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PMID:Oral ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. 135 7

Anti-emetic effects, safety and usefulness of Ondansetron given intravenously at 4 mg once daily for consecutive 3-5 days were investigated against nausea and emesis induced by non-platinum anticancer drugs. Efficacy rates in control of nausea and emesis were 59% (20/34 cases) and 68% (23/34 cases), respectively. The efficacy rate for inhibition of nausea and emesis, calculated based on the control of nausea and emesis, was 68% (23/34 cases). Adverse events (headache and constipation) were observed in 1 case and abnormal change in clinical laboratory findings (increase in eosinophil count) in another case. Out of 42 cases in which safety was evaluated, 41 (98%) cases were assessed as "no problem in safety." However, one case with side effect was assessed as a "Minor problem in safety." From the above, it was confirmed that Ondansetron injection exerted excellent inhibitory effects against nausea and emesis induced by non-platinum anti-cancer drugs, and this drug was a highly safe and useful anti-emetic.
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PMID:[Examination of anti-emetic effect and safety of multiple intravenous doses of ondansetron in patients receiving nonplatinum anti-cancer drugs]. 138 78

We examined the anti-emetic effect, safety and usefulness of ondansetron hydrochloride, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, given orally once daily at the dosage of 4 mg, for 3 to 5 consecutive days to patients with nausea and emesis induced by non-platinum anti-cancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and carboplatin. Out of 84 cases where anti-emetic effects were evaluated, numbers of cases assessed as excellent and good were 36 (83.3%) and 34 (40.5%), respectively, the efficacy rate being 83.3% (70/84). Side effects, such as moderate constipation (3 cases) and mild headache (3 cases), were observed in 8/85 cases (9.4%). Abnormalities in clinical laboratory findings including elevation of hepatic function and uricacid values and increase in eosinocyte counts, were observed in 3/85 cases (3.5%). As to overall safety, 78/85 cases (91.8%) were evaluated as having no problem in safety, and 7/85 cases (8.2%), as having minor problem in safety. As to clinical usefulness based on anti-emetic effect and overall safety, out of 79 cases the drug was assessed as very useful in 29 cases (36.7%) and useful in 35 cases (44.3%), the rate of "useful" or above being 81.0% (64/79). Furthermore, when ondansetron was administered in 3 courses of chemotherapy, though the number of patients was small, it was shown that anti-emetic effect of ondansetron did not decline and no problem in safety was observed. From the above, ondansetron which exerted adequate anti-emetic effect in 4 mg once daily doses was considered as a useful and safe anti-emetic in treatment of nausea and emesis associated with cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Examination of inhibitory effect, safety and usefulness of SN-307 (ondansetron) administered orally once daily for 3-5 consecutive days on nausea and emesis associated with non-platinum anti-cancer drugs]. 138 75

Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist which is effective and well tolerated as an antiemetic for emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron is rapidly absorbed after oral administration (tmax 1.9 h) with an absolute bioavailability of around 60%. Its terminal elimination half-life is 3.5 h and it is extensively hepatically metabolized. Plasma clearance is 0.38 litre h-1 kg-1 and volume of distribution is 1.8 litre kg-1. Plasma clearance is reduced by age (31% reduction) and hepatic failure (80% reduction in severe failure). In patients undergoing general anaesthesia there is a slight prolongation of terminal half-life, which is not of clinical significance. Ondansetron is very well tolerated in volunteer studies. Headache, mild abdominal pain, and constipation occur infrequently. There is no evidence for effects of ondansetron on cardiac function (electrocardiogram, cardiac output, blood pressure and heart rate), and haemostatic function in volunteers and patients. Respiratory depression induced during general anaesthesia is not potentiated by ondansetron. No drug interactions have been noted with temazepam, atracurium, alfentanil and alcohol in man. There are also no interactions seen in animal studies using pentobarbitone, morphine, neostigmine, prednisolone and diazepam.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology of ondansetron in postoperative nausea and vomiting. 142 20


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