Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Computerized tomography of the head was done in 5021 patients aged 21 to 81 years from various neurological, neurosurgical and neurotraumatological indications. Brain atrophy as an only finding (primary) was noted in 11.5%- and in 5.4% of cases it was associated with other changes. The neurological-radiological correlations were established in 200 cases of primary strophy. History data included: headaches in 54.5%, dizziness in 15.0%, epilepsy in 24.5%. Objective examination showed: slight hemiparesis in 37.5%, spastic-atactic gait disturbances in 31.5%, isolated damage to the corticospinal tracts with signs limited to one side of the body was more frequent in cortical atrophy, and these signs associated with ataxia were more frequent in subcortional atrophy. The authors explain this as a loss of cortical cells or damage to the paraventricularly coursing nerve fibres. A probable aetiology of "primary" atrophy was established in 405% of cases (hypertension, atherosclerosis, minor craniocerebral trauma). No signs or neurological syndromes were observed which could be regarded as more or less characteristic of brain atrophy.
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PMID:[Brain atrophy: radiological-neurological correlations]. 213 53

Two siblings in a family--a 5-year-old boy and an 8-year-old girl--suffered from progressive headache and gait disturbance in an interval of 1 year, consecutively. Neurologic manifestations were papilledema and truncal ataxia. Both of their computed tomography scans showed a large, well-enhanced tumor located in the cerebellar vermis with secondary hydrocephalus. Both had surgical resection followed by craniospinal irradiation and then chemotherapy. The pathologic findings confirmed the diagnosis of medulloblastomas. The family pedigree disclosed some other cancer in close relatives. These findings suggested a possible role of heredity in the oncogenesis of this tumor. To our knowledge, our cases are the seventh report of familial medulloblastoma occurring in nontwin siblings in the world.
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PMID:Familial medulloblastoma in siblings: report in one family and review of the literature. 218 31

We report the effects of the addition of lamotrigine, a novel antiepileptic drug, to the therapy of 125 patients with severe refractory epilepsy. Forty-five patients (36%) reported adverse experiences and in 19 (15%), the drug was withdrawn. The commonest adverse experiences were diplopia, headache, ataxia, drowsiness, skin rash and deterioration in seizure control. Two patients were withdrawn for other reasons. The remaining 104 patients were followed for a mean of 11 months (range 3-27): 26 (25%) of these showed a marked improvement in seizure frequency (a 50% or more reduction when compared with the pre-trial period), but no patient was rendered seizure-free. Tolerance to the effects of the drug was not seen.
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PMID:The efficacy and long-term tolerability of lamotrigine in the treatment of severe epilepsy. 228 81

A case is reported in which a diffuse subarachnoid dissemination occurred after successful removal of a posterior fossa hemangioblastoma. The patient was a 51-year-old man who suffered from headache and gait disturbance, and who was admitted to our hospital on September 25, 1985. Neurological examination revealed trunkal ataxia and increased intracranial pressure. A CT scan with contrast media revealed a high-density lesion with surrounding low-density area in the posterior fossa. Right vertebral angiography demonstrated a round tumor stain behind the medulla oblongata, which was fed by the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The complete resection of the tumor was carried out. A biopsy specimen from the tumor showed a picture characteristic of hemangioblastoma. Fourteen months later the patient was readmitted due to the sudden onset of disturbance of consciousness. A CT scan revealed a large intracerebral hematoma in the right putaminal region. Right carotid angiography demonstrated two small tumor stains in the right temporal lobe. An emergency operation to extirpate the hematoma was performed. But the disturbance of consciousness did not improve, and the patient died. At necropsy a lot of small round tumors were recognized at the surface of the bilateral cerebral and cerebellar cortex. They were present in the subarachnoid space and partially invaded the cerebral and cerebellar parenchyma, extending through Virchow-Robin's space. There was no recurrence of the tumor at the site of the original operation. No doubt, a subarachnoid dissemination had occurred. However the histological findings of tumors were similar to the findings recorded in the first biopsy.
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PMID:[A case of hemangioblastoma with subarachnoid dissemination]. 230 11

Spontaneous (nontraumatic) midbrain hemorrhage (SMH) is an uncommon condition whose diagnosis is greatly assisted by the use of cranial computerized tomography. Of 18 cases described in the English language literature, only two were diagnosed without the aid of CT. We report five cases of SMH in five normotensive patients. Vertical gaze palsies were noted in four patients, headache in four, pupillary dysfunction in four, mild hemiplegia in two, unilateral ataxia in two, and unilateral asterixis in one. The diagnosis of SMH had not been considered before CT scanning in any of these patients. All patients had partial to complete recovery. Cerebral angiography in each case showed no abnormalities in the area of the hemorrhage.
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PMID:Spontaneous midbrain hemorrhage. 231 72

Seventeen adults with cerebellar stroke confirmed by computerized tomography were reviewed, and divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 10 patients with cerebellar softening, and the second one included 7 cases with cerebellar hemorrhage. The diagnostic rests primarily upon the symptoms and clinical signs. They consist of acute onset of vertigo, headache, nausea or vomiting, ataxia-disequilibrium, then progressing signs of brain stem compression with gaze palsy, cranial nerve palsies and a decreasing level of consciousness. The computerized tomography is the diagnostic test of choice. The interpretation of the scan and of the brain stem and its surrounding cisterns gives decisive help in accessing the indications for surgical treatment.
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PMID:[Cerebellar infarcts and hemorrhages: differential diagnosis]. 242 23

Aminoglutethimide (AG) was administered as palliative therapy in 112 patients with metastatic breast cancer. In 36 patients, the dose level was 1000 mg/day; 76 patients received a dose level of 500 mg/day. Patients with brain or liver metastasis were excluded, as were patients with tumors determined to be negative for estrogen receptors. Objective regression was observed in 35 (31%) patients, with the duration of response ranging from 4 to 36 + months (mean, 12 months; median, 10 months). Response was observed in 11 of 31 (35%) patients with soft tissue metastasis; 16/59 (27%) patients with osseous metastasis; and 8 of 22 (36%) having visceral metastasis. In 93 patients with positive estrogen receptor (ER), 33 responded (35%), whereas in 19 patients with unknown ER status, two responded (11%). Response to previous treatment with tamoxifen (TAM) had occurred in 31 patients; of these, response to AG was noted in 11 (35%). Of 24 patients failing to respond to prior treatment with tamoxifen, four (17%) responded to subsequent therapy with AG. Thirteen patients had previously received combination chemotherapy, and response to AG was noted in two (15%). The side effects observed in this study included skin rash in ten patients, fever in eight, somnolence in three, weakness and dizziness in one, headache in one, insomnia in one, dyspnea in one, and ataxia in one. Treatment had to be discontinued in eight patients, due to the severity of the side effects. As expected, patients receiving AG at the lower dose level of 500 mg/day experienced fewer and less severe side effects than those treated with the higher dose. The response rate in the 1000 mg/day group was 10/36 (28%) and in the 500 mg/day group, it was 25/76 (33%). The lower dosage was better tolerated without apparent compromise in therapeutic efficacy.
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PMID:Aminoglutethimide in patients with metastatic breast cancer. 246 35

A 58-year-old female had a 1-year history of headache, ataxia, and taste disturbance and then developed speech disturbance. She was found to have a meningioma of the fourth ventricle, a very rare site for this type of tumor. It did not adhere to the cerebellar tentorium or dura mater and was totally removed without difficulty. Magnetic resonance imaging, but not computed tomography or angiography, provided adequate information for correct diagnosis. The literature concerning fourth ventricle meningiomas is reviewed and the diagnostic advantages and limitations of computed tomography, angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed.
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PMID:Meningioma of the fourth ventricle--case report. 247 68

Brain stem glioma is the third most common childhood brain tumor, comprising 10-15% of this group of neoplasms. Typical presenting symptoms include ataxia, diplopia and headache, while signs of increased intracranial pressure occur later in the clinical course. Although prolonged failure to thrive, characterized by cachexia and vomiting are rare manifestations of brain stem lesions, in this study we report a 9.5-year-old boy with failure to thrive since infancy which remitted after excision of a brain stem astrocytoma.
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PMID:Chronic dysphagia, vomiting and gastroesophageal reflux as manifestations of a brain stem glioma: a case report. 248 55

The antiepileptic effect of lamotrigine (LTG) was assessed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in 24 adult patients with refractory partial seizures. LTG or placebo was added to existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The dose of LTG varied from 75 to 400 mg daily. Three patients did not complete the trial. One was withdrawn from the trial with ataxia, tiredness, dyspnea, and diplopia while receiving LTG and died 18 days later of invasive carcinoma involving the liver. A second patient was withdrawn during baseline for contravening admission criteria, and a third received LTG in error during both treatment periods. Twenty-one patients (12 men and 9 women) completed the trial. An analysis of seizure counts in the 12-week treatment period with LTG showed a statistically significant reduction in seizures as compared with placebo for total seizures (p less than 0.002), partial seizures (p less than 0.002), and secondarily generalized seizures (p less than 0.05). The analysis of total seizure days showed a significant reduction during LTG treatment (p less than 0.002). There were no statistically significant changes in plasma concentrations of phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), primidone (PRM), or phenobarbital (PB) between the two treatment periods. The most common adverse events reported during the trial were diplopia, drowsiness, tiredness, ataxia, and headache, but although these were more frequent during LTG treatment, the differences from placebo were not statistically significant. No hematological or biochemical changes were noted.
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PMID:Controlled trial of lamotrigine (Lamictal) for refractory partial seizures. 249 73


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