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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and serologic features and immune status of 39 homosexual men who had seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus positivity were compared with 26 homosexual men who remained seronegative during a six-month period. An acute clinical illness occurred in 92.3% of seroconverted subjects and 40% of controls. The duration of illness was significantly greater in the seroconverters than the controls (10 + 4.4 days). A general practitioner was consulted by 87.2% of the seroconverters because of the illness, including 12.8% who were admitted to hospital, compared with 20% of controls. The most frequently reported symptoms in the seroconversion group were fever (76.9%); lethargy and malaise (66.7%); anorexia, sore throat, and myalgias (56.4% each); headaches and arthralgias (48.7% each); weight loss (46.2%); swollen glands (43.5%); retro-orbital pain (38.5%); and dehydration and nausea (30.8% each). Lymphadenopathy developed in 75% of seroconverters compared with 4% of controls. Changes in T-cell subsets were not found in controls, but the number of T4+ cells and the T4+/T8+ ratio decreased significantly in seroconverters.
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PMID:Characterization of the acute clinical illness associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 325 8

One hundred forty-two children with presumed Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis were enrolled in a randomized double blind prospective study comparing the consequences of immediate penicillin treatment with treatment delayed for 48 to 56 hours. One hundred fourteen of the enrolled patients were culture-positive. An adverse impact of early antibiotic therapy was noted; the incidence of subsequent infections with GABHS was significantly greater in those treated at the initial office visit with penicillin. In the month following documented evaluation of GABHS, a recurrence occurred 2 times more frequently in those treated with penicillin immediately compared with those for whom treatment was delayed 48 to 56 hours. Late recurrences (beyond 1 month but in the same streptococcal season) occurred 8 times more frequently (P less than 0.035). Delay in penicillin treatment did not increase GABHS intrafamilial spread. Symptoms of both groups were assessed for 2 days following the initiation of treatment. Both placebo-treated and penicillin-treated groups used aspirin or acetaminophen ad libitum. Penicillin was shown to reduce fever and relieve sore throat, dysphagia, headache, abdominal pain, lethargy and anorexia significantly beyond that achieved with aspirin or acetaminophen alone. Penicillin had no effect on culture-negative cases.
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PMID:Adverse and beneficial effects of immediate treatment of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis with penicillin. 330 16

Increasing recognition of the importance of calcium in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease has stimulated research into the use of calcium channel blocking agents for treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The favorable efficacy and tolerability profiles of these agents make them attractive therapeutic modalities. Clinical applications of calcium channel blockers parallel their tissue selectivity. In contrast to verapamil and diltiazem, which are roughly equipotent in their actions on the heart and vascular smooth muscle, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are a group of potent peripheral vasodilator agents that exert minimal electrophysiologic effects on cardiac nodal or conduction tissue. As the first dihydropyridine available for use in the United States, nifedipine controls angina and hypertension with minimal depression of cardiac function. Additional members of this group of calcium channel blockers have been studied for a variety of indications for which they may offer advantages over current therapy. Once or twice daily dosage possible with nitrendipine and nisoldipine offers a convenient administration schedule, which encourages patient compliance in long-term therapy of hypertension. The coronary vasodilating properties of nisoldipine have led to the investigation of this agent for use in angina. Selectivity for the cerebrovascular bed makes nimodipine potentially useful in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage, migraine headache, dementia, and stroke. In general, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are usually well tolerated, with headache, facial flushing, palpitations, edema, nausea, anorexia, and dizziness being the more common adverse effects.
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PMID:Differential effects of 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers: therapeutic implications. 332 59

Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rH-TNF) is a cytotoxic monokine with pleiotropic effects. A phase I trial of rH-TNF was initiated using a five-day continuous intravenous (IV) infusion repeated every 28 days. Thirty-eight courses of therapy were administered to 19 patients. The starting dose was 5 X 10(4) U/m2/d, with escalations to 1.0 X 10(5), 2.0 X 10(5), 2.4 X 10(5), and 3.0 X 10(5) U/m2/d. Systemic side effects, including fever, chills, hypotension, fatigue, anorexia, and headaches, were mild and self-limiting. At the maximum tolerated dose of 3.0 X 10(5) U/m2/d, dose-limiting hematologic toxicity was manifested by transient thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Elevated bilirubin levels were also seen at the higher dose levels. Lipoprotein analysis demonstrated that the five-day treatment with rH-TNF was associated with decreases in high-density lipoproteins, as well as increases in triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins. Pharmacokinetic studies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test indicated plasma rH-TNF levels less than 0.2 U/mL. The recommended phase II dose of rH-TNF administered as a five-day continuous infusion is 2.4 X 10(5) U/m2/d.
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PMID:Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor administered as a five-day continuous infusion in cancer patients: phase I toxicity and effects on lipid metabolism. 333 98

In the clinical trial of reaferon, introduced intramuscularly and intravenously in different doses (2 X 10(6), 6 X 10(6) and 9 X 10(6) I. U. daily) for 3 days, various side effects were observed. Their intensity depended on the dose of the preparation and the route of administration. The most regular reaction was a rise in temperature, accompanied by slight weakness, headache, loss of appetite, slight dizziness, euphoria. All side effects were transient. No toxic or allergic reactions involving the organs and systems of the body were observed. Low doses of the preparation (2 X 10(6) I. U. daily) promoted an increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, stimulated cellular immunity factors and contributed to the optimal functioning of the interferon systems. High doses (6 X 10(6) to 9 X 10(6) I. U. daily) had a pronounced immunosuppressing effect. On the whole, reaferon proved to be fairly tolerable.
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PMID:[Reactogenicity, toxicity and tolerance of reaferon in healthy volunteers]. 336 74

A 79-year-old woman was admitted to hospital complaining of chest pain, increasing weakness, anorexia, hoarseness, headache and discomfort in the throat and jaws while eating. Physical examination, chest x-rays, serial electrocardiograms and cardiac enzymes were unremarkable. After admission she developed weakness and numbness in the left leg with urinary retention, decreased sensation to touch, weakness, increased tone, absent deep tendon reflexes and a positive Babinski sign on the left. Zeta sedimentation rate was markedly elevated at 0.63. Computerized tomographic head scan, myelography, echocardiography, barium swallow and meal, immunoglobulins, electrophoresis and other laboratory investigations were unremarkable. Repeat sedimentation rate was still markedly elevated three weeks later. A temporal artery biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of temporal or giant cell arteritis. Prednisone, 60 mg daily, was started.
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PMID:Acute chest pain in an elderly woman. 337 98

Polymyalgia rheumatica is a common disease affecting the elderly population. Symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, including pain and stiffness in the proximal muscles, anorexia, fatigue, depression, weight loss, fever and temporal headaches. We would like to report a case of polymyalgia rheumatica with locked jaw, a feature yet unrecorded.
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PMID:Locked jaw in polymyalgia rheumatica. 338 1

Macroprolactinomas occur rarely in prepubertal children. A prepubertal 11 10/12-year-old female with a macroprolactinoma presented with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Findings included severe headaches, anorexia, weight loss, and growth failure. The initial serum prolactin level was 2,916 ng/ml. This value fell after beginning treatment with bromocriptine, but later rose despite a doubling of the dose. Transsphenoidal surgical resection was performed and postoperative radiation given. The use of bromocriptine, surgical resection, and radiation therapy in the treatment of macroprolactinomas are discussed.
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PMID:Bromocriptine-unresponsive prolactin macroadenoma in a prepubertal female. 341 10

Group respiratory intoxication with balagrin (a pesticide from the nitroanilide group) in 3 agricultural female workers is described. Such group intoxication has not been described up to 1984. The clinical course is manifested by two syndromes: cerebrotoxic--which is the leading syndrome and includes headache, vertigo, adynamia, weakness, EEG changes; upper dyspeptic--which is a secondary syndrome and includes epigastric pain, nauseous, vomiting, anorexia. By X-ray examination a third syndrome--pulmonotoxic--has been registered without any other respiratory manifestations. It is probably due to venous stasis and peribronchial interstitial changes. The treatment with glucose infusions, vit. B6, vit C and cerucal could not fully abolish the cerebral manifestations. This led to, a prolonged treatment with cerebroprotective drugs (Pyramem, vitamin B complex). The 8-month observation showed a slow reverse evolution of the subjective complaints and the objective findings. It is concluded that the pesticide balagrin exerts marked toxic action under certain conditions.
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PMID:[Clinical picture and treatment of acute respiratory poisoning by balagrin]. 343 46

Fever and other constitutional effects of influenza (headache, myalgia, listlessness, nausea, shivering, anorexia and depression) result from liberation of endogenous pyrogen (EP) from phagocytes. These effects are milder for recent H1N1 influenza virus isolates than for H3N2 strains. Interaction with human peripheral blood leucocytes in vitro showed that H1N1 strains, A/USSR/90/77 and A/Fiji/15899/83, elicited significantly less EP (as assessed by the rabbit pyrogen assay) than two virulent clones, 7a and 64c, of the A/Puerto Rico/8/34-A/England/939/69 (H3N2) reassortant virus system. Similar observations were made with UV-inactivated A/Fiji/15899/69 and clone 64c. These results are in accord with the differential severity of fever produced by these strains in ferrets when intranasally infected or intracardially inoculated with live and inactivated viruses. They show that influenza virus strains differ in capacity to induce EP from phagocytes. Furthermore, the observations with inactivated virus show that certain virion components are pyrogenic and differ in quantity or nature between strains. These results are important in relation to the differential severity of influenza epidemics and the reactogenicity of vaccine strains.
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PMID:Differential production of endogenous pyrogen by human peripheral blood leucocytes following interaction with H3N2 or H1N1 influenza viruses of differing virulence. 350 18


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