Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the efficacy of therapy with alfa Interferon in chronic hepatitis C (NANB), 18 patients were enrolled in an open trial. Eleven were males and 7 females with a mean age of 43 years. Interferon alfa 2b was used in titrated doses for 9 months and the treatment was started with 5 m.U./Ti. During therapy, the patients were evaluated clinically and biochemically. A liver biopsy was done within 3 months after the completion of treatment. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level 1 became completely normal in 11 patients (61%) at 3 months of therapy and a partial response was seen in 3 (16%). At the 6 months the ALT sustained normal in 10 patients (55%) and a partial response was seen in 5 (27.7%). Four out of 7 patients (57%) who completed the therapy had complete response and 2 (28.5%) a partial response. From 5 patients who completed the follow-up, 3 (60%) had a relapse of ALT levels. A low level of ALT at the beginning of treatment had a predictive value of response to the therapy (P less than 0.05). The side effects of interferon therapy were usually mild. Fever, myalgias and headaches were seen in 72% of patients in the first two weeks of therapy. No haematological alterations were seen. We conclude that a 9 month course of interferon therapy is effective in controlling disease activity in many patients with chronic NANB hepatitis. However, the high relapse rate suggest that future studies should establish the optimal dose and duration of treatment to induce a complete resolution of the disease.
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PMID:[Therapy of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis with recombinant interferon alfa and factors that influence the response to the treatment]. 180 97

The tolerability of omeprazole was compared to control agents in 68 clinical studies that enrolled a total of 4846 patients, of whom 3096 received omeprazole. The incidence of adverse experiences was independent of omeprazole dose administered, the age of the patients, and the disease treated (duodenal ulcer or endoscopically verified gastroesophageal reflux disease). The most common clinical adverse experiences were headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. The most common laboratory adverse experiences were elevated aspartate aminotransferase and elevated alanine aminotransferase. Omeprazole was well tolerated, and the incidence of clinical and laboratory adverse experiences was similar in patients receiving omeprazole, placebo, cimetidine, or ranitidine.
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PMID:Comparative tolerability profile of omeprazole in clinical trials. 191 59

To investigate the effect of cocaine on standard liver function tests (LFT), we studied 46 cocaine users with no history of parenteral drug use or homosexuality. LFT were similar in 21 users of cocaine only (Group A) and 25 users of cocaine and alcohol (Group B). Only three patients, two of whom were hepatitis B carriers, had an alanine aminotransferase level more than five units above normal limits. Group B patients were significantly more likely to complain of headaches, irritability, and loss of memory. We conclude that (1) non-parenteral cocaine use is rarely associated with significant LFT abnormalities and (2) alcohol may potentiate some adverse effects of cocaine.
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PMID:Liver function tests in non-parenteral cocaine users. 224 18

Data from 1,878 courses of intravenous ciprofloxacin therapy, administered to 1,869 patients in 59 clinical trials, were analyzed for drug safety. The 985 men and 884 women had a mean age of 50 years, and more than one third were over 60 years of age. An overwhelming majority had at least one accompanying systemic illness, and the condition of more than half the patients was only fair or poor at the onset of therapy. Ciprofloxacin was administered in a unit dose of either 200 mg (68 percent of the patients) or 300 mg (28 percent) by intravenous infusion, generally over 30 minutes every 12 hours, at a mean daily dosage of 456 mg. The duration of intravenous therapy ranged from one to 57 days, with a mean of seven days; over 1,000 patients were treated for more than five days. Adverse events considered probably or possibly related to intravenous ciprofloxacin were reported in 15.8 percent of the courses; therapy was discontinued prematurely in 3 percent. Local reactions at the site of infusion were the most common, occurring in 4.4 percent of the courses. Changes in blood chemistry values (4.1 percent) included increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Reports of adverse effects referable to the gastrointestinal tract (3.0 percent) were primarily nausea and diarrhea. Central nervous system reactions (1.8 percent) included convulsive seizures, headache, and dizziness. In comparative trials, events considered probably or possibly drug related were reported for 17.3 and 13.6 percent of the ciprofloxacin- and ceftazidime-treated patients, respectively. The incidence of adverse events other than local reactions at the infusion site was not significantly different between the ciprofloxacin- and ceftazidime-treated patients (12.7 percent versus 11.0 percent, p greater than 0.2).
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PMID:Safety of intravenous ciprofloxacin. A review. 268 31

GR-C507/75 (GR38032F) antagonizes the 5-HT3 (serotonin) receptor and prevents cisplatin-induced emesis in animals. In this dose-ranging trial, 44 patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy known to produce nausea and vomiting (including cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin) received three intravenous (IV) infusions of GR-C507/75 every two hours beginning 30 minutes before chemotherapy. Ten dosage levels were explored, ranging from 0.04 mg/kg to 0.35 mg/kg in each of the three infusions. Toxicities were mild and included sedation, dizziness, headache, transient elevations of SGOT or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and dry mouth. No akathisia or acute dystonic reactions were observed. Antiemetic effects were seen in patients receiving cisplatin at 120 mg/m2. GR-C507/75 can be safely administered on this schedule at IV dosages up to 0.35 mg/kg in patients receiving chemotherapy. Further studies of this agent at higher dosages and by different schedules are appropriate.
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PMID:Dose-ranging evaluation of the serotonin antagonist GR-C507/75 (GR38032F) when used as an antiemetic in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy. 296 55

A formalin-inactivated aluminium hydroxide adsorbed hepatitis A vaccine was evaluated in a dose-response study on 195 healthy male adults (age range: 18-31 years) in two French hospitals (Lyon, Rouen). Four doses (20, 40, 80, 160 RIA antigen units) were administered intramuscularly (i.m.) in two injections over a 6-month period. At the time of the first vaccine injection, 32 subjects (16.4%) were found positive (> 20 mIU ml-1) for HAV antibody (total Ig RIA HAVAB assay, Abbott Laboratories) and were excluded from the analysis of immunogenicity criteria. Fourteen days after the first vaccine injection, 78.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62-90) of seronegative subjects who received the 160 RIA antigen unit dose seroconverted with a geometric mean titre (GMT) of 43 mIU ml-1 (95% CI: 33-56). Seroconversion was 100% (95% CI: 91-100) at 1 month with a GMT of 95 mIU ml-1 (95% CI: 79-112). Statistical analysis revealed a significant dose-related effect (p < 0.0001) on GMT by multivariate regression analysis of the results after the first injection. Biological safety was evaluated and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were similar prior to and 14 days after the first injection in the four groups. Reactions after injection were similar in the four dosage groups: 6.2% of subjects reported immediate reactions after first vaccination (feeling sick, spontaneous pain, headache), 8.9% reported local reactions at the site of injection (spontaneous pain, haematoma, local adenopathy) and 13.5% reported general reactions ('flu-like' syndrome, gastrointestinal tract disorders, fatigue, headache).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Good immunogenicity of GBM strain inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in healthy male adults. 762 20

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute disease caused by Hantavirus and clinically characterised by abrupt onset of fever, various haemorrhagic manifestations and transient renal and hepatic dysfunction. We retrospectively reviewed 63 cases of HFRS in children from 13 different hospitals in Korea who presented over a 15-year period. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 15 years, with a male to female ratio of 8 to 1. Fifty-four (86%) patients were 10 years or older. On admission, 24 (38%) were in the febrile phase and 35 (56%) were in the oliguric phase. Fever (100%) abdominal pain (91%), headache (76%) and vomiting (73%) were the most common symptoms. Backache, subconjunctival haemorrhage and hypertension were also noted in about one-third of patients. Hypotension was documented in only 7 (11%) patients. Leucocytosis (> 10,000/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (< 150,000/mm3) were noted in more than two-thirds of patients. Elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine was observed in 94% by the 7th (median) day of illness. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase were found in more than two-thirds of patients. Renal biopsy was performed in 12 patients and revealed various stages of acute tubular necrosis with occasional interstitial cell infiltration and oedema. Only 2 showed evidence of interstitial haemorrhage. Eleven patients required 1-3 days of dialysis and the remaining patients required only conservative management. Three (5%) patients died of shock, respiratory failure and pulmonary haemorrhage. All other patients recovered without sequelae. Although childhood cases were much less common than adults, clinical and laboratory findings were in general similar between children and adults.
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PMID:Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Korean children. Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology. 781 97

This 4-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of etodolac and nabumetone in the treatment of patients with active osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Ninety-one patients received etodolac 400 mg twice daily, 89 received nabumetone 1500 mg once daily, and 90 received placebo. Both active treatments significantly improved the patients' condition relative to baseline (P < or = 0.001) at all evaluations during treatment and relative to placebo (P < or = 0.05) by visit 4. Improvement relative to placebo in investigator's global assessments was earlier in the etodolac group (ie, by visit 3) than in the nabumetone group. At visit 4, improvement in investigator's and patient's global assessment scores, and in the distribution of investigator's assessment scores, was significantly (P < or = 0.05) greater in the etodolac group than in the nabumetone group. Other than hypokalemia, which occurred only in three patients in the nabumetone group (P = 0.035), there were no significant differences among the groups in the frequency of study events or premature discontinuation from the study as a result of study events. Study events considered at least possibly treatment related were reported for 26 patients in the etodolac group (28.6%), 20 in the nabumetone group (22.5%), and 23 in the placebo group (25.6%). The most frequently reported symptoms for all groups were dyspepsia, nausea, and headache. Four patients treated with nabumetone (4.5%) had elevations in aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase during treatment. The results of this study show that etodolac 400 mg twice daily is at least as effective as nabumetone 1500 mg once daily and is equally well tolerated in the treatment of patients with active OA of the knee; etodolac may have an earlier onset of action and/or a relatively greater efficacy in patient and investigator global assessments than nabumetone.
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PMID:Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the safety and efficacy of orally administered etodolac and nabumetone in patients with active osteoarthritis of the knee. 856 24

Interferon-alpha is currently the only available treatment for HCV hepatitis. We assessed the safety and efficacy of 6 month course of interferon therapy in 18 consecutive liver transplant recipients with recurrent HCV hepatitis and report the long-term response with maintenance interferon. Median follow-up after the institution of interferon was 24 months. Complete response was defined as normalization of both aspartate and alanine aminotransferase. Complete response after 6 months of interferon was observed in 28% (5/18); an additional 33% (6/18) of the patients were late responders. Overall, 61% (11/18) of the patients had long-term sustained normal response at a median follow-up of 24 months. Long-term sustained response was observed in 73% (8/11) of the patients who continued interferon beyond 6 months vs. 43% (3/7) in those who received 6 months of interferon. Fatigue, headache and cytopenia were the most commonly observed side-effects occurring in 39%, 22% and 28% of the patients, respectively. Discontinuation of interferon, however, was not required in any of the patients. Rejection was documented in 6% (1/18) patients receiving interferon; this incidence was not higher than rejection episodes occurring > 6 months post-transplant in other recipients transplanted during the same period and who did not receive interferon. Responders had a trend towards later recurrence of HCV hepatitis after transplantation. In conclusion; maintenance interferon was well tolerated and appeared to improve the long-term outcome in our patients; however, future studies should evaluate this in a controlled trial.
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PMID:Interferon-alpha therapy for hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation: long-term response with maintenance therapy. 888 7

Therapy with ribavirin for 6-12 months is associated with decreases in serum aminotransferases in some patients with chronic hepatitis C. We have assessed the practicality and safety of prolonged therapy with ribavirin. Six patients with chronic hepatitis C were given 1000-1200 mg of ribavirin daily for 24 months. Serum aminotransferases and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels were monitored during and after therapy. Liver biopsies were carried out before and at the end of treatment. With therapy, mean serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels fell from 161 U/L to 45 U/L at 12 months and to 39 U/L at 24 months. HCV RNA levels did not change. Liver histology improved in five and was unchanged in one patient. When therapy was stopped, aminotransferases rose to pretreatment levels. Side effects included mild fatigue and headaches. Two patients developed gallstones during therapy, perhaps caused by the chronic haemolysis that occurred in all patients. In conclusion, prolonged therapy with ribavirin can result in sustained improvements in serum aminotransferases and hepatic histology in a proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Ribavirin therapy does not cause decreases in viraemia and, therefore, probably must be continued indefinitely to provide lasting benefit. The advantages of such therapy must be weighed against possible long-term side-effects.
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PMID:Prolonged therapy of chronic hepatitis C with ribavirin. 891 4


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