Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From among the pregnant women in the Collaborative Perinatal Project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, we identified 508 who had migraine, and 3192 who had no history of migraine, of taking headache medication during the previous 12 months, and of headaches during the pregnancy. Migraineurs smoked more heavily and had a longer smoking history than their headache-free peers. Among migraineurs, smokers were not more likely to consume analgesics than nonsmokers. Regardless of smoking classification, more migraineurs consumed tranquilizers, amphetamines, and sleeping pills than headache-free women. Among smokers only, migraine was associated with heart disease, thrombosis/phlebitis, asthma, peptic ulcer, and pneumonia. In nonsmokers, migraine was associated with drug sensitivity and other allergies.
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PMID:Migraine and other diseases in women of reproductive age. The influence of smoking on observed associations. 363 73

Analgesic drug abuse led to end-stage renal disease in 31% of 122 patients in a cross-sectional investigation at our center. Addiction to analgesics and tranquilizers remained a serious problem in these patients even after they were placed on chronic hemodialysis. There is strong evidence that drug addiction leading to end-stage renal disease and chronic hemodialysis correlates with a special type of personality typified by the 60-year-old depressive woman suffering from chronic headache.
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PMID:Analgesic dilemma in chronic hemodialysis patients. 663 15

Optimal migraine therapy begins with an accurate diagnosis and knowledge of the symptoms that the patient finds most disturbing. Pharmacologic treatment of migraine may be acute (abortive, symptomatic) or preventive (prophylactic); both approaches are frequently required in patients with frequent, severe headaches. Drugs for acute care consist of analgesics, antiemetics, anxiolytics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ergots, steroids, major tranquilizers, narcotics, and selective serotonin agonists. Preventive agents include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antidepressants, serotonin antagonists, and anticonvulsants. The choice of a preventive drug depends on side effect profiles and comorbid conditions. Behavioral interventions, such as biofeedback and relaxation techniques, are an important complement to pharmacologic therapy; however, drugs are the mainstay of migraine therapy. To ensure that therapy achieves optimal results, the individual patient's preferred approach to this debilitating problem must be considered carefully.
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PMID:Overview of diagnosis and treatment of migraine. 796 47

Tricyclic antidepressants, especially amitriptyline, are the medication of first choice in the treatment of chronic tension headache. Few previous studies meet modern standards of study design and statistical analysis. Tolerability and efficacy of 60-90 mg amitriptyline oxide (AO) as a single dose in the evening were compared with 50-75 mg amitriptyline (AM) and placebo (PL) in a double-blind, parallel-group trial consisting of a 4-week baseline phase and 12 weeks of treatment. The 3-armed study was conducted in 7 centers. The inclusion criterion was tension-type headache on at least 15 days monthly with a duration of at least 6 months. Exclusion criteria were a migraine history, previous participation in another clinical trial within the last 3 months, drug abuse, medication with other antidepressants or tranquilizers, current use of other acknowledged prophylactic headache medication, lack of compliance, major psychiatric disorder according to DSM-III and medical contra-indications against tricyclic antidepressants. The primary study endpoint was a reduction at least 50% of the product of headache duration and frequency and a reduction at least 50% in headache intensity. Statistics used were Fisher's Exact Test and an analysis of variance. A total of 211 patients were included in this trial. One hundred ninety-seven cases, 87 males and 110 females, with a mean age of 38 +/- 13 (18-68) years, could be analysed completely (66 AO, 67 AM, 64 PL). With regard to the strictly defined primary study endpoint, no significant difference emerged between AO, AM and PL: treatment responders were 30.3% with AO, 22.4% with AM and 21.9% with PL (PAO-PL = 0.3210, PAM-PL = 1.000, PAO-AM = 0.3299 respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effectiveness and tolerance of amitriptyline oxide in chronic tension headache--a multicenter double-blind study versus amitriptyline versus placebo]. 845 Aug 93

The parents of 31 children with malignant disorders were clinically examined and interviewed to characterize their life situation and somatic health during treatment of their child. The follow-up was for 7 years. Comparison groups were from the mean Finnish population matched for age, sex and occupation. The parents were generally healthy. Hypertension, headache and abdominal pain were the main symptoms. Sick leave and contact with a physician were less common than in the control population. The frequency of paramedical drug use was high but tranquilizers were used rarely. At the beginning the mothers had many symptoms indicating stress. Their attitude about their own state of health improved during the follow-up in spite of ageing. The spare-time physical activities of the parents increased during follow-up. Few marital conflicts and problems with the siblings were reported. The increment in economic burden caused by the child's disease was not regarded as essentially changing the family life.
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PMID:Children with malignant disorders: the health and life situation of their parents examined over a 7-year interval. 883 83

Reports of migraines and headaches in users of oral contraceptives usually range from less than 1 to 20%, except higher in the 1st cycle, in papers on oral contraceptive trials, and about 30% of series of migraine patients in papers by headache specialists. Headaches usually occur within 1-3 days after a cycle of pills is stopped. Etiologic factors include the progestagen in the pill, possibly the estrogen, perhaps prolactin; and prostaglandins and water retention have been suggested causes. The author saw 4 cases of headaches in women that developed hypertension of 160-170/100-105 when they started the pill. Migraines can be treated with the usual medications, and psychogenic headaches with tranquilizers, antidepressives, or psychotherapy.
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PMID:[Headaches, migraine and oral contraception]. 1225 93

The great majority of headaches a physician treats in office practice can be divided into two main categories, muscular contraction headache of tension type and vascular headaches of the migraine type. The most satisfactory symptomatic therapy for tension headache is by the use of a nonnarcotic analgesic agent combined with a tranquilizer or sedative. On the other hand, symptomatic relief of migraine is best obtained by the use of a suppository of ergotamine tartrate and caffeine combined with an antiemetic or antispasmodic. Interval treatment of patients with tension and migraine headache centers on helping the patient understand his emotional problems. Prophylactic drug therapy for patients with tension headache includes the limited use of tranquilizers and sedatives. Recently, striking benefits in some patients with migraine have been achieved by the prophylactic use of the antiserotonin drug methysergide (UML 491).
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PMID:Headache. Pharmacological approach to treatment. 1370 88

Several species of Ferula genus have been used in folk medicine in digestive disorders, rheumatism, headache, arthritis, and as tranquilizers, antispasmodic and aphrodisiac. From the dry and powdered roots of Ferula hermonis Boiss was extracted the oxygenated sesquiterpene 1,5-trans-daucane type: ferutinine (1). The structure of (1) was established by spectroscopic methods as: IR, (1)H RMN, (13)C RMN, COSY, HMBC, HMQC, NOESY, EIMS, and CIMS. The possible signaling pathway of ferutinin (1) in nervous tissue in vitro was assessed and the results showed that this compound is able to increase nitric oxide synthase activity and inositol monophosphate accumulation (49%, each) in the median eminence of the rat brain, suggesting that compound (1) is associated to the activation of phosphoinositide breakdown and nitric oxide production (NO), the last is a gaseous intercellular messenger known to play a broad role in human biology from homeostasis to pathology.
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PMID:Ferutinin stimulates nitric oxide synthase activity in median eminence of the rat. 1657 58

Acidic or EDTA-containing oral hygiene products and acidic medicines have the potential to soften dental hard tissues. The low pH of oral care products increases the chemical stability of some fluoride compounds, favors the incorporation of fluoride ions in the lattice of hydroxyapatite and the precipitation of calcium fluoride on the tooth surface. This layer has some protective effect against an erosive attack. However, when the pH is too low or when no fluoride is present these protecting effects are replaced by direct softening of the tooth surface. Xerostomia or oral dryness can occur as a consequence of medication such as tranquilizers, anti-histamines, anti-emetics and anti-parkinsonian medicaments or of salivary gland dysfunction e.g. due to radiotherapy of the oral cavity and the head and neck region. Above all, these patients should be aware of the potential demineralization effects of oral hygiene products with low pH and high titratable acids. Acetyl salicylic acid taken regularly in the form of multiple chewable tablets or in the form of headache powder as well chewing hydrochloric acids tablets for treatment of stomach disorders can cause erosion. There is most probably no direct association between asthmatic drugs and erosion on the population level. Consumers, patients and health professionals should be aware of the potential of tooth damage not only by oral hygiene products and salivary substitutes but also by chewable and effervescent tablets. Additionally, it can be assumed that patients suffering from xerostomia should be aware of the potential effects of oral hygiene products with low pH and high titratable acids.
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PMID:Oral hygiene products and acidic medicines. 1668 90

Despite evolving success of mini-invasive techniques in treating cardiac arrhythmias in children, pharmaceuticals remain the cornerstone therapeutic option. Beyond conventional antiarrhythmic agents such as amiodarone, local anesthetics, tranquilizers, anticonvulsants, and neuroleptics exhibit antiarrhythmic properties. H(1)-histamine receptor blockers are widely used in treating allergies in children. Observational studies suggest efficacy of these agents for treating or preventing tachyarrhythmias, although prolongation of QT interval, and ventricular arrhythmias occur. We determined safety and efficacy of antihistamine, quifenadine, versus conventional amiodarone on cardiac rhythm in children with frequent premature beats (PB). One hundred and four patients (mean age 10.8 +/- 3.2 years) with ventricular (n = 65), supraventricular (n = 39) PB were randomized 1:1 to quifenadine (2 mg kg(-1) day(-1); n = 54), or amiodarone (9 mg kg(-1) day(-1), n = 50) arms. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. All patients underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring 3 times: before at 14-28 days after randomization, and during the follow up at 2-3 months. The mean frequency of PB in quifenadine group was 562 +/- 61 per hour and 597 +/- 78 per hour in the amiodarone-treated children. Full antiarrhythmic efficacy (PB < 75% from baseline) has been achieved in 23/54 (43%) of quifenadine-treated patients, which was less than after amiodarone treatment (37/50, 74%, P = 0.02). Quifenadine was mostly beneficial in children with supraventricular PB and/or bradycardia than in those with ventricular PB; it was associated with a trend toward increased heart rate during day (88.5 +/- 8.4 beats/min) and night (67.3 +/- 6.2) compared with amiodarone (79.6 +/- 7.8 and 56.1 +/- 5.7 beats/min, respectively; P = 0.04). The incidence of side effects in quifenadine group (drowsiness and headache) was low (2%) in contrast to the alarming 40% risk associated with amiodarone therapy. Quifanidine exhibits antiarrhythmic activity in children with frequent PB, without significant QT prolongation, or sinus node depression. Although, H(1)-histamine receptor blocker is less potent than amiodarone, much better safety profile of quifenadine is advantageous, especially in children. Future large trials with proving novel antihistamines pleiotropy are warranted.
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PMID:The antiarrhythmic properties of quifenadine, H1-histamine receptor blocker in children with premature beats: a randomized controlled pilot trial. 1948 25


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