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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 51-year-old female presented with a rare case of synovial cyst at the cruciate ligament of the odontoid process associated with atlanto-axial dislocation, manifesting as a history of headache and numbness in her left extremities for 5 months, and progressive motor weakness of her left leg. Neuroimaging studies revealed a small cystic lesion behind the dens, which severely compressed the upper cervical cord, and atlanto-axial dislocation. The cyst was successfully removed via the transcondylar approach. C-1 laminectomy and foramen magnum decompression were also performed. Posterior craniocervical fusion was carried out to stabilize the atlanto-axial dislocation. The cyst contained mucinous material. Histological examination detected synovial cells lining the fibrocartilaginous capsule. Synovial cysts of this region do not have typical symptoms or characteristic radiographic features. Careful preoperative evaluation of the symptoms and a less invasive strategy for removal of the cyst are recommended.
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PMID:Craniocervical junction synovial cyst associated with atlanto-axial dislocation--case report. 1043 84

Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a newly recognised brain disorder that predominantly affects the cerebral white matter. Oedematous lesions particularly involve the posterior parietal and occipital lobes, and may spread to basal ganglia, brain stem, and cerebellum. This rapidly evolving neurological condition is clinically characterised by headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures, visual disturbances, altered sensorium, and occasionally focal neurological deficit. Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is often associated with an abrupt increase in blood pressure and is usually seen in patients with eclampsia, renal disease, and hypertensive encephalopathy. It is also seen in the patients treated with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus, and interferon alfa. The lesions of posterior leukoencephalopathy are best visualised with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. T2 weighted MR images, at the height of symptoms, characteristically show diffuse hyperintensity selectively involving the parieto-occipital white matter. Occasionally the lesions also involve the grey matter. Computed tomography can also be used satisfactorily to detect hypodense lesions of posterior leukoencephalopathy. Early recognition of this condition is of paramount importance because prompt control of blood pressure or withdrawal of immunosuppressive agents will cause reversal of the syndrome. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment can result in permanent damage to affected brain tissues.
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PMID:Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. 1150 3

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a leukoencephalopathy clinically characterized by headache, altered mental status, visual loss and seizures. Neuroimaging demonstrates symmetrical posterior cortical and subcortical lesions. The exact pathophysiology is unknown but there is a strong association with immunosuppressants and hypertension. We report two cases of PRES in normotensive patients with severe hypercalcemia as the only identifiable cause. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.
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PMID:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to severe hypercalcemia. 1242 98

Posterior encephalopathy is characterised by headache, impairment of consciousness, seizures and progressive visual loss. MRI shows bilateral, predominantly posterior, cortical and subcortical lesions with a distribution. Our aim was to analyse the MRI lesion pattern and angiographic findings because the pathophysiology of posterior encephalopathy is incompletely understood. We report three patients with clinical and imaging findings consistent with posterior encephalopathy who underwent serial MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and construction of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and four-vessel digital subtraction angiography (DSA). DWI revealed symmetrical subcortical and cortical parieto-occipital high signal. High and also low ADCs indicated probable vasogenic and cytotoxic oedema. On follow-up there was focal cortical laminar necrosis, while the white-matter lesions resolved almost completely, except in the arterial border zones. DSA revealed diffuse arterial narrowing, slightly more marked in the posterior circulation. These findings suggest that posterior encephalopathy may in some cases be due to diffuse, severe vasospasm affecting especially in the parieto-occipital grey matter, with its higher vulnerability to ischemia. Cerebral vasospasm due to digitoxin intoxication, resulting in posterior encephalopathy, has not yet been described previously.
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PMID:Posterior encephalopathy with vasospasm: MRI and angiography. 1457 25

We present 2 cases, one eclamptic patient and one noneclamptic patient, of headache, cortical blindness, and seizures. Both patients demonstrated findings consistent with posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a rapidly evolving neurologic condition that is characterized by headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures, visual disturbances, altered sensorium, and occasionally focal neurologic deficits. Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome can be triggered by numerous conditions, including preeclampsia-eclampsia, and can be seen in the postpartum period. It is characterized predominately by white matter vasogenic edema of the occipital and posterior parietal lobes. This condition can be difficult to differentiate clinically from cerebral ischemia, and magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient are needed to do so. In most cases of posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, the prognosis is excellent, with full resolution of symptoms.
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PMID:Postpartum blindness: two cases. 1474 15

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a proposed cliniconeuroradiological entity characterized by headache, altered mental status, cortical blindness, seizures, and other focal neurological signs, and a diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging picture. A variety of different etiologies have been reported like hypertension, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, cyclosporin A or tacrolimus neurotoxicity, uraemia and porphyria. With early diagnosis and prompt treatment, the syndrome is usually fully reversible. We report a case of recurrent PRES of unknown aetiology following intensive care unit treatment and only moderately elevated blood pressure. Clinicians as well as radiologists must be familiar with this clinically frightening, underdiagnosed condition to assure timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent persistent deficits.
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PMID:Recurrent posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). 1503 79

Posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRE) is a recent syndrome characterized by headache, vomiting, seizures, visual loss, altered mental status with or without motor or sensitive deficit. Neuroimaging demonstrates symmetrical posterior cortical and subcortical lesions. The aetiology remains uncertain but vascular hypotheses is the most retained. We report a case of a 21 year old man with posterior cerebral encephalopathy, the toxic hypo these remains the most probable.
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PMID:[Posterior cerebral encephalopathy]. 1596 36

Posterior fossa dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) are uncommon lesions. In the past, treatment of these lesions has involved both surgical and endovascular techniques, the latter being favoured in contemporary neurovascular medicine. We describe our experience in the case of a 71-year-old woman with a posterior fossa DAVF who presented with sudden onset headache, collapse and neurological deficit secondary to a subarachnoid haemorrhage. She was treated by means of direct surgical access of the lesion combined with endovascular occlusion resulting in a radiological and clinical cure.
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PMID:Combined surgical and endovascular treatment of a posterior fossa dural arteriovenous fistula. 1611 59

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a recently described variant of hypertensive encephalopathy characterized by headache, visual disturbances and altered mental function. Its causes are diverse and in contrast to hypertensive encephalopathy, it can develop without significant elevation of blood pressure. This syndrome is mostly reversible when correctly managed; however, failure to recognize it can lead to cerebral infarction and death.
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PMID:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a variant of hypertensive encephalopathy. 1676 18

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a rare complication generally associated with headache and acute changes in blood pressure. We present a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome where diagnosis was delayed because the patient also had preeclampsia and an inadvertent dural puncture, both associated with headache. The clinical challenge and the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment are emphasized.
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PMID:Delayed diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a parturient with preeclampsia after inadvertent dural puncture. 1788 Dec 19


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