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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oviol 22 was administered to 145, and Ovoresta M to 118 healthy female volunteers. During the first six cycles, 27 (18.6%) women discontinued the Oviol 22 intake, and 45 (38,1%) women discontinued the Ovoresta M intake. The other women were observed over 6 cycles. Together, 1,369 cycles were evaluated. Overall, the clinical results with Oviol 22 were more favourable than those with Ovoresta M. The discontinuation rate because of nausea, headache, acne and breast tenderness was lower in the group of women who received Oviol 22 than in the group of women receiving Ovoresta M. Cycle control was much better with Oviol 22 than with Ovoresta M. Following the administration of both preparations, no significant alteration in blood pressure, weight or mental status was seen. None of the patients became pregnant during the period of observation.
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PMID:[Comparison of a 2-phase preparation (Oviol 22) with a low-dose 1-phase preparation (Ovoresta M)]. 657 Jan 17

102 patients using Trinordiol, a triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) containing ethinyl estradiol and d-norgestrel, were followed for 932 cycles in a study of secondary effects. Follow-up visits were scheduled after 1,3, and 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. 26 patients discontinued use of the pills during the study after using them for a total of 159 cycles. 5 discontinued because of abdominal pain, 1 for breast tenderness, and 1 because of headaches or migraines. 7 discontinued because of metrorrhagia, 4 for weight gain, 3 for amenorrhea, 2 for nausea and vomiting, and 1 each for nervousness, water retention, acne, desire for pregnancy, leaving the country, hypertension, and unknown motivation. the average age of patients was 23.6 years, with a range from 14-48. 76% were aged 15-29 years. 52.9% were nulliparas. 58.8% were Belgian, 21.6% were from Mediterranean Europe, 10.8% were Moroccan, and 7.9% were from black Africa. Only 1 patient, a 37 year old, developed hypertension. 15 patients gained more than 2 kg and 17 lost more than 2 kg. 15.8% complained of spotting during the 1st cycle compared to 3.1% during the 6th cycle, 5.2% during cycle 7-12, and 9.1% during cycle 13-30. Among 35 patients who did not discontinue treatment, 7 complained of amenorrhea and 1 of scanty menstrual bleeding, 14 of pain including 7 cases of pelvic pain, 2 of dysmenorrhea, 3 of breast tenderness, and 2 of headaches, 15 of leukorrhea, 3 of nausea, 2 of dizziness, and 1 each of fatigue, acne, galactorrhea, and cutaneous pruritus. 1 case of myoma at the level of the uterine cornu was identified after 24 cycles of treatment. In all, 61 patients had some complaint, while 41 were totally satisfied. No patient became pregnant during the study.
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PMID:[Clinical study of the secondary effects associated with taking a triphasic anti-ovulatory contraceptive]. 670 4

Results are presented of an evaluation of the contraceptive efficacy, cycle control, and tolerance of a low dose triphasic pill, Trigynon, used by 353 reproductive-aged women for a total of 1668 cycles. 20 physicians in different Belgian centers recruited and followed the women. Average weight of the patients was 56.8 kg, average age was 24.8 years, average parity was 1.07, and 1/3 smoked. None had any medical condition contraindicating the use of the preparation. 156 of the women had never used contraception, 163 had used combined pills, 4 had used injectables, 6 had used progestin-only minipills, 21 had used IUDs, and 22 had used other methods. 2.5% of the patients forgot to take at least 1 pill in a typical cycle. No pregnancies were imputed to forgetting, but 3 pregnancies occurred during the study: 1 already established but not recognized at the start of treatment, 1 in a woman taking antituberculosis drugs, and 1 in a patient suffering an attack of dysentery. Almost 90% of patients had regular cycles of 28 days with treatment, compared to only 57.5% before treatment. The duration and quantity of bleeding were significantly decreased. Compared to the last pretreatment cycle, the 3rd and 6th cycles with Trigynon showed a decrease in percentage of patients complaining of dysmenorrhea, nervousness, headaches, breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting, decreased libido, depression, thrombophlebitis, and edema. The percentage complaining of acne and vertigo increased slightly at 3 months and then declined to below pretreatment levels. Average weight was almost unchanged. It appears that Trigynon offers reliable protection, excellent cycle control and few side effects, and would be an appropriate contraceptive choice for most women except those with benign breast disease or hyperestrogenism.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of 1,668 cycles of triphasic oral contraception (Trigynon). Multicentric Belgian study]. 681 54

A review of the composition, usage, and side effects of hormonal contraceptives is presented. The estrogens ethinyl estradiol, mestranol, ethinyl estradiol sulfonate, and quinestrol, as well as the gestagens chlormadinon acetate, norethindrone acetate, and d-norgestrel, are used in combination, sequential, and depot preparations, mini-pills, and morning-after pills. The failure rate of combination preparations is 1/100 women-years and of sequential preparations is 1-5/100 woman-years. Gestagen-intensive preparations can be used for women showing symptoms of gestagen deficiency (e.g. hypermenorrhea, endometriosis), while estrogen-intensive preparations are indicated for women with e.g. hypomenorrhea, acne, or hirsuitism. Preparations containing chlormadinon acetate are indicated for women with signs of androgen imbalance or for women who sing or use their voices professionally. Control check-ups of patients using hormonal contraceptives should occur every 6 months. Women who still want to bear children should discontinue hormonal contraceptive use for a certain period every 2 years. Hormonal contraceptives can be prescribed to adolescents 2 years after menarche and after one year of regular menstruation. The side effects of hormonal contraceptive use are listed. Subjective side effects such as nausea and headaches are frequently reported. Hormonal contraceptives can cause menstrual irregularities; spottings or break-through bleedings during hormonal contraceptive use indicate a reduced contraceptive effectiveness. Hormonal contraceptive use causes increases in laboratory values, e.g. SGOT, SGPT; lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism are also affected by hormonal contraceptives. Hormonal contraceptives have been shown to cause an increase in blood pressure and affect the circulatory system, liver and gall bladder function, and blood coagulation. Neoplasms may be affected positively or negatively by hormonal contraceptive use. Relative and absolute contraindications for hormonal contraceptive use as well as indications for discontinuing hormonal contraceptive use are listed.
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PMID:[Hormonal contraception--side effects and surgical aspects (author's transl)]. 701 44

A youth health survey was administered to 247 students in an inner-city ghetto high school and 404 students in a private boarding school. Significant differences between the two socioeconomic groups were found for responses about health information, health concerns and problems, and health status and service utilization. Sex-related issues were of greater concern to the private school youth and they desired more help with depression-sadness and birth control. Inner-city youth had more health worries and indicated a desire for more help with physical problems such as toothaches, headaches, and stomach aches, and social problems such as racial discrimination and parent relations. From a list of 22 health problems, the inner-city youth ranked dental problems, acne, and health worries highest while the private school youth ranked depression-sadness, tiredness, and acne highest. Regardless of social class, most adolescents perceived large gaps in their health education. One implication of our data is that the specific self-reported needs and concerns of adolescents should be considered in planning health services and education programs.
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PMID:Comparisons between inner-city and private school adolescents' perceptions of health problems. 714 45

We treated 69 patients who had hereditary angioedema with danazol to alleviate attacks of mucocutaneous angioedema involving the skin, oropharynx, and gastrointestinal tract, and we documented the continued efficacy of danazol for long-term treatment (1 to 6 years) of hereditary angioedema. Significant dose-related, adverse reactions occurred, including weight gain, myalgias, headaches, microscopic hematuria, abnormal liver function tests, anxiety, altered libido, alopecia, dizziness, and nausea. Alterations in menstrual function were consistently observed. About 10% of patients noted masculinizing side effects, such as acne, hirsutism, and voice deepening. We recommend downward titration of danazol dosage to achieve control of attacks and minimize adverse reactions. Periodic monitoring of patients on long-term danazol therapy is essential to avoid undesirable toxicity.
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PMID:Long-term therapy of hereditary angioedema with danazol. 744 86

Tetracyclines and isotretinoin are widely used treatments for patients with acne. Although generally safe, the use of these agents has been associated with pseudotumor cerebri and combination therapy with these agents may increase the risk for pseudotumor cerebri. A 14-year-old boy presented with headaches and bilateral visual loss secondary to papilledema. He had been treated with tetracycline and isotretinoin for acne for three weeks prior to presentation and was subsequently diagnosed as having pseudotumor cerebri. He required long-term medical therapy and eventually underwent bilateral optic nerve sheath decompression. The literature regarding pseudotumor cerebri in association with tetracyclines and isotretinoin treatment for acne is reviewed. Dermatologists should be aware of the risk of pseudotumor cerebri in patients receiving tetracycline or isotretinoin treatment for acne and should be particularly cautious about using both agents simultaneously.
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PMID:Pseudotumor cerebri after treatment with tetracycline and isotretinoin for acne. 763 48

Questionnaires completed by 107 adolescents (average age, 16.5 years) recruited from Florida clinics indicated substantial interest in Norplant contraceptive implants, especially among those with a previous pregnancy. Included in the sample were 28 adolescents 13-20 years of age who were caring for one or more children. 40 (55%) of the adolescents with a history of sexual activity acknowledged having intercourse in the past year without use of contraception. Overall, 56% had heard of Norplant prior to the survey; the mass media was the primary knowledge source. 70% of those without children and 79% of adolescent mothers stated that they were interested in the method; moreover, 73% of nulliparous women and 89% of mothers thought Norplant would be superior to oral contraceptive use. Convenience and effectiveness were the most frequently cited positive aspects of Norplant. On the other hand, significant percentages of adolescents expressed concern about Norplant-related side effects: acne (87%), headache (83%), weight change (71%), and menstrual irregularities (71%). The main predictor of interest in Norplant was number of pregnancies; the 12 adolescents who had two or more previous pregnancies expressed the highest degree of interest. Early age at menarche (12.5 years and under) and a high number of sexual partners (4.5 and above) were also positively associated with interest in Norplant. Thus, adolescents who are most at risk of an unintended pregnancy are also the subgroup most receptive to Norplant use.
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PMID:Adolescent girls' attitudes toward contraceptive subdermal implants. 766 85

The capability of an early second injection or prior use of oral contraceptives (OCs) to improve satisfaction and long-term continuation of Depo-Provera in adolescents was investigated in a clinical trial involving 78 females 12-20 years of age (average, 15.9 years) recruited from a hospital-based adolescent health clinic. 36 subjects received injection of 150 mg of Depo-Provera every three months (Group 1), 27 received the second injection after only six weeks (Group 2), and 15 switched directly from OCs to the standard Depo-Provera regimen (Group 3). There was no difference between Groups 1 and 2 in terms of duration or frequency of menstrual bleeding; however, prior OC users experienced a significant reduction in the duration and intensity of bleeding in the first six months of Depo-Provera use (when estrogen was still present in the women's systems). Overall, 64% of study subjects reported less dysmenorrhea while on Depo-Provera. A slightly greater change in body mass index was observed among girls in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3; moreover, 70% of those in the early injection group reported increased appetite and weight gain compared to 39% of those on the standard schedule. The most commonly reported side effects included initial pain and soreness at the injection site (27%), decreased libido (56%), mood changes (31%), depression (26%), frequent headache (25%), fatigue (24%), and increase in acne (15%); there were no significant differences by group. 17 adolescents (22%) discontinued Depo-Provera, generally after two injections and due to bleeding irregularities or weight gain. 87% of adolescents who were prior OC users, 52% of those on the regular schedule, and 39% of those who received an early injection stated they were very satisfied with Depo-Provera. These findings indicate that early second Depo-Provera injection offers no advantages; use of OCs immediately prior to Depo-Provera should be further investigated, however, given its potential to minimize bleeding problems.
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PMID:Depo-Provera in adolescents: effects of early second injection or prior oral contraception. 766 88

During October 1988-April 1990, clinicians randomly allocated 783 healthy women attending six family planning centers and outpatient gynecological clinics in urban areas of Thailand to either the group using a 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol (EE) combined oral contraceptive (OC) with 150 mcg desogestrel (DSG) (394 women) or an OC with 75 mcg gestodene (GSD) (389 women). Researchers aimed to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of these two third-generation OCs. After six cycles of OC use, the continuation rate was 87.6% for DSG/EE and 85.9% for GSD/EE. No one from either group became pregnant. Women forgot to take the pills during 1.8% of the cycles with DSG/EE and 2% of the cycles with GSD/EE. Breakthrough bleeding was more common than spotting in both groups (0.8-5.4% vs. 0.6-2% for DSG/EE; 0.8-4.4% vs. 0-4.4% for GSD/EE), while in Caucasian women spotting was more common. Breakthrough bleeding and spotting rates were comparable in both groups. Irregular bleeding initially increased, then fell with time. Irregular bleeding for both OC groups was less common than it is in Northern European women. No one experienced any serious side effects. The most common minor side effects were nausea, headache, and breast tenderness. The incidences increased in the first cycle, then fell. They were comparable for both groups. Acne was less frequent after OC use (20.7% at baseline vs. 17.1% at 6 months for DSG/EE and 22% at baseline vs. 16.9% at 6 months for GSD/EE). Neither OC influenced the mean body weight or the mean blood pressure. These findings indicated that both OCs are very effective, provide excellent cycle control, and produce a low incidence of side effects. They also protect against acne.
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PMID:Multicenter trial of two monophasic oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg ethinylestradiol and either desogestrel or gestodene in Thai women. 779 87


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