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 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aims of this study were to determine the remaining subjective and objective need for orthodontic treatment, symptoms of CMD, and headache. 120 boys and 121 girls at 19 years of age participated. They were registered with casts and were sent a questionnaire about chewing ability, headache, subjective symptoms of CMD and experience of orthodontic treatment. They were also asked to give their opinion of their own teeth by putting a mark on a line. The results showed that 89.6% of the adolescents had a normal sagittal molar relationship and 9.6% a postnormal molar relationship. Space conditions of the upper and lower incisors displayed a large range. Most of the adolescents were satisfied with their dentition even though a large range was obvious. Factors of significance for the subjects' subjective opinion of their dentition were space conditions, overjet and inclination of upper incisors. It was concluded that the remaining need of treatment was low, girls being more interested in treatment than boys. The boys' and girls' subjective opinions of their own teeth after treatment were similar. Orthodontic treatment clearly increased the subjects' subjective appreciation of their own teeth.
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PMID:Prevalence of malocclusion and awareness of dental appearance in young adults. 895 37

Mandibular function, headaches, and symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were studied in one group of girls with a well-defined normal occlusion (n = 60) and another group with class II malocclusion (n = 123). Frequent headaches and temporomandibular joint clicking, muscle tenderness to palpation, pain on mandibular movement, awareness of tooth clenching, and grinding were commoner in the class II malocclusion group. Awareness of tooth clenching had the largest influence on the odds for symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a logistic regression analysis. Occlusal variables that increased the odds for symptoms and signs of TMD were large overjet, frontal open bite, few occlusal contacts, lateral sliding retruded-intercuspal contact position, crowding, and non-working side interferences. We concluded that normal occlusions have lower odds for symptoms and signs of TMD, whereas some occlusal characteristics, more frequently found in the class II malocclusion group, increased the odds for symptoms and signs of TMD.
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PMID:Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders in girls with normal occlusion and Class II malocclusion. 929 66

The present study reports the prevalence of the various traits of malocclusion, as well as the occurrence of associations between malocclusion, and symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children selected for orthodontic treatment by the new Danish procedure for screening the child population for severe malocclusions entailing health risks. The sample comprised 104 children (56 F, 48 M) aged 7-13. Malocclusion traits were recorded at the time of selection, symptoms and signs of TMD were recorded at recall. The most prevalent malocclusion traits were distal molar occlusion (Angle Class II; 72 per cent), crowding (57 per cent), extreme maxillary overjet (37 per cent) and deep bite (31 per cent). Agenesis or peg-shaped lateral teeth were observed in 14 per cent of the children. The most prevalent symptom of TMD was weekly headache (27 per cent); the most prevalent signs of TMD were tenderness in the anterior temporal, occipital, trapezius, and superficial and profound masseter muscles (39-34 per cent). Seven per cent of the children were referred for TMD treatment. The Danish TMD screening procedure was positive in 26 per cent, while 20 per cent had severe symptoms (Aill), and 30 per cent had moderate signs (Dill) according to Helkimo (1974). Symptoms and signs of TMD were significantly associated with distal molar occlusion, extreme maxillary overjet, open bite, unilateral crossbite, midline displacement, and errors of tooth formation. The analysis suggests that there is a higher risk of children with severe malocclusions developing TMD. Errors of tooth formation in the form of agenesis or peg-shaped lateral teeth showed the largest number of associations with symptoms and signs of TMD; these associations have not previously been reported in the literature.
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PMID:Malocclusion traits and symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders in children with severe malocclusion. 982 57

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the status and function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory system in patients with habitual snoring and obstructive apnoea after 2 years nocturnal treatment with a mandibular advancement splint. Thirty-two patients participated in the study, ranging from 43.0 to 79.8 years of age (mean 54.4 years, SD 8.78) at the start of treatment. All patients had been referred from the ENT department for treatment with a mandibular advancement splint. The acrylic splint advanced the mandible 50-70 per cent of maximal protrusion, opened 5 mm vertically, and was used 6-8 hours per night and 5-7 nights per week. Overjet, overbite, and molar relationship were measured on dental casts. The patients were asked to answer a questionnaire concerning symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD). They were also clinically examined in a standardized manner, including registration of range of mandibular movements, TMJ sounds, pain on movement, and palpatory tenderness of the TMJ and the masticatory muscles. None of the patients showed more than five symptoms of dysfunction either at the start of or after 2 years of treatment. A decrease in the frequency of headache was found for nine of those 18 patients that reported headache (P = 0.004). A minor, but significant decrease in overjet and overbite was found and the molar relationship was also changed. It was concluded that 2 years' treatment with a mandibular advancement splint had no adverse effects on the craniomandibular status and function, but the observed occlusal changes requires further evaluation.
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PMID:Craniomandibular status and function in patients with habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea after nocturnal treatment with a mandibular advancement splint: a 2-year follow-up. 1072 Dec 45

A sample of 4724 children (2353 girls and 2371 boys) (5-17 years old) were grouped not only by chronological age but also by stage of dental development (deciduous, early mixed, late mixed, and permanent dentition). The registrations included functional occlusion (anterior and lateral sliding, interferences), dental wear, mandibular mobility (maximal opening, deflection), and temporomandibular joint and muscular pain recorded by palpation. Headache was the only symptom of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) reported by the children. The results showed that one or more clinical signs were recorded in 25% of the subjects, most of them being mild in character. The prevalences increased during the developmental stages. Girls were in general more affected than boys. Significant associations were found between different signs, and TMD was associated with posterior crossbite, anterior open bite, Angle Class III malocclusion, and extreme maxillary overjet.
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PMID:Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and its association with malocclusion in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic study related to specified stages of dental development. 1199 38

Preoperative and postoperative temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) were observed in 72 patients before surgical-orthodontic treatment and about 2 years after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. Prevalence and degree of TMD were assessed using the modified clinical dysfunction index of Helkimo. A total of 49 women and 23 men (mean age 32 years) were included in the study. To find out which patients benefit most from the treatment, the sample was classified into subgroups--myogenous, arthrogenous, or both components of TMD. The prevalence of clicking and headache decreased significantly with the treatment, while the incidence of crepitation increased. In general, severity of the dysfunction was greatly reduced. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed that patients with excessive overjet and previous occlusal splint therapy benefit most from orthognathic treatment. In addition, patients with signs of mainly myogenous origin got more relief from their dysfunction than patients with mainly arthrogenous components of TMD. The results suggest that in patients with severe maxillomandibular discrepancy surgical-orthodontic therapy is a good choice of treatment for reducing myogenous TMD pain and discomfort.
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PMID:Effects of sagittal split ramus osteotomy on temporomandibular disorders in seventy-two patients. 1551 21

The aim was to identify the incidence and types of possible adverse events in the masticatory system after treatment with a mandibular protruding device (MPD) during a 2-year period in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or snoring. The subjects comprised 65 middle-aged patients (44 OSA patients, 21 snorers). A clinical examination and a questionnaire concerning signs and symptoms from the masticatory system were performed before, after 6 months, and after 2 years of MPD use. The frequencies of registered signs from the masticatory system, such as muscle and joint tenderness, palpation, and pain during mandibular movement, decreased significantly between baseline and the 2-year follow-up. There were significant changes in the mandibular range of protrusion (+0.7 mm, P < .001), overjet (-0.5 mm, P < .001), and overbite (-0.6 mm, P < .001) compared with the initial examination. Nine patients developed a lateral open bite during treatment, and 2 of them experienced subjective symptoms related to the altered occlusion but still used the MPD every night. No patient reported pain on opening the mouth wide or during jaw movements. Two reported tiredness on jaw function. The reported frequency of headaches was also significantly reduced (P < .01). The high compliance rate in MPD use showed that the therapy is well tolerated, but there is a risk of minor alterations in the occlusion during MPD treatment.
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PMID:Influence on the masticatory system in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring with a mandibular protruding device: a 2-year follow-up. 1559 16

The purposes of this study were to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in Croatian war veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to analyze the impact of the disease on mandibular function. One hundred eighty-two male subjects participated in the study. The examined group consisted of 94 subjects who had taken part in the war in Croatia and for whom PTSD had previously been diagnosed. Patients were compared with an age- and gender-matched group of subjects who had not taken part in the war and for whom PTSD was excluded by means of a psychiatric examination. The study used a clinical examination and standard questionnaire. Statistically significant differences were found in almost all measured parameters. With regard to restricted movements, overbite, and overjet, the differences obtained did not have clinical significance. The most significant differences were found in the parameters of pain. Headache was experienced by 63.83% of the subjects with PTSD, facial pain by 12.77%, and pain in the region of the jaw by 10.64%. Headache was the most intense pain, with an average intensity of 4.92 on a scale of 0 to 10. Pain on loading, temporomandibular joint clicking, and intrameatal tenderness were more prevalent in the PTSD group than in the healthy control group. The study supports the concept that PTSD patients are at increased risk for the development of temporomandibular disorder symptoms.
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PMID:The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in war veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. 1715 58

During the last three decades there has been an increased influx of refugees and immigrants into Scandinavia. The overall aim of this thesis was primarily to improve our knowledge of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need, both normative and self-perceived, in adolescents of varying geographic origin. A further aim was to determine whether any differences with respect to perception of general appearance and psychosocial well-being were related to geographic origin. Papers I and II concerned self perceived and normative orthodontic treatment need. About 500 12-13 year-old subjects, stratified into different groups: A-Sweden, B-Eastern/Southeastern Europe, C-Asia and D-other countries, answered a questionnaire and underwent clinical examination by the author. In paper III the association between the two variables in papers I and II was investigated. Paper IV was a follow up study, at 18-19 years of age, of the relationship between geographic origin and prevalence of malocclusion, self-perceived treatment need, temporomandibular symptoms and psychosocial wellbeing. In Paper V a qualitative study of 19-20-year-old subjects was conducted, to identify the strategies they had adopted to handle the issue of persisting poor dental aesthetics. The main findings were that at 12-13 years of age, immigrant subjects had a lower perceived orthodontic treatment need than subjects of Swedish background. Girls of Swedish background had the highest self-perceived treatment need, whilst girls of non-Swedish background were most concerned that fixed appliance therapy would be painful. In a few of the clinical variables measured at 12-13 years of age, the Swedish group exhibited the greatest space deficiency and irregularity in both the maxillary and mandibular anterior segments and greater overjet, compared to the Eastern/Southeastern European and Asian groups. The clinical implications were negligible. The orthodontic treatment need according to "Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need--Dental Health Component" (IOTN-DHC) grades 4 and 5, ranged from 30 to 40 per cent, without any inter-group differences. There were strong associations between subjects perceiving a need for orthodontic treatment and IOTN-DHC grades 4 and 5, anterior crossbite and avoiding smiling because they were self-conscious about their teeth. At the age of 18-19 years, the frequency of malocclusion was similar in all groups. Subjects of Asian origin had a higher self-perceived orthodontic treatment need than their Swedish counterparts and a higher frequency of headache than those of Eastern/Southeastern European origin. Psychological wellbeing was reduced in nearly one quarter of the sample, more frequently in girls than boys. No association was found between self-perceived orthodontic treatment need and psychological wellbeing. The theory "Being under the pressure of social norms" was generated in Paper V, and it can be applied to improve our understanding of young adults who have adjusted to living with poor dental aesthetics and also aid to identify those who are not as well-adjusted and would probably benefit from treatment. Undisclosed dental fear is an important barrier to acceptance of orthodontic treatment in early adolescence. Despite demographic changes due to immigration, no major change in the prevalence of malocclusion and normative orthodontic treatment need has been disclosed. This does not apply to adolescents and adults who immigrated at an older age.
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PMID:Immigrant background and orthodontic treatment need. Quantitative and qualitative studies in Swedish adolescents. 2129 56

The aim of this study was to explore the association between signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and orthodontic treatment need in orthodontically untreated children and adolescents. One thousand five hundred and ninety-seven subjects aged 11-19 years, without previous orthodontic history, from sixteen randomly selected public schools in Zagreb, Croatia, were examined. Malocclusion characteristics were assessed by using the criteria proposed by Bjork et al., the Dental Aesthetic Index, and the Aesthetic Component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Data on TMD signs/symptoms and parafunctional behaviour were obtained by means of questionnaire and clinical examination, respectively. Multiple logistic regression models were used for analysis. Twenty-two percent of children and young adolescents had one or more signs of TMD, ranging from 17% in age of 11 years up to 24% in age of 19. There was poor correlation between presence of TMD and orthodontic treatment need. Multiple logistic regression models showed that Class III, crowding and spacing were related to mandibular deflection on opening. Ectopic eruption was related to TMJ clicking, and severely tipped teeth with reduced mouth opening. Headaches presented a positive relationship with reverse overjet and severe rotations, and tooth wear with crowding, spacing and lateral openbite. Age, female gender and parafunctional habits were related to several TMD signs. Although logistic regression models were statistically significant (p < 0.05) malocclusions, parafunctional behaviours, age and gender accounted for less than 20% of the variability in TMD signs/symptoms. TMD signs and symptoms seemed to be poorly related to malocclusions or treatment needs.
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PMID:Temporomandibular disorders and orthodontic treatment need in orthodontically untreated children and adolescents. 2604 83


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