Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-six colloid cysts were treated from 1949 to 1983. There were 26 male and 10 female patients, ranging in age from 12 to 65 years old, 60% between 31 and 40 years. Headache or disturbed mental function was the most frequent complaint, papilloedema the most frequent sign. The patients were classified into 3 groups by symptoms and signs; Group I (17 patients): Headache, papilloedema and no neurological signs. Group II (6 patients): Fluctuating or progressive dementia. Group III: Twelve cases with "classical" features, episodic headache and drop attacks. One patient could not be classified in any of these groups. Seventeen of 36 patients were diagnosed by ventriculography, 19 patients were diagnosed by CT scan. CT scan was the most reliable diagnostic study, but was unavailable in the earlier part of the series. All patients have been operated by transventricular exposure of the right foramen of Munro with incision of the middle frontal gyrus in an antero-posterior linear manner. Twenty-five of 36 patients showed an excellent operative result, and nine had a good result, one of the 9 patients dying of an unrelated intracerebral haemorrhage 4 years after operation. Two patients had a poor result, characterized by memory loss and confusion. One of these died of an unknown cause 5 years after operation.
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PMID:Colloid cysts of the third ventricle. A review of 36 cases. 387 15

A 66-year-old woman with a subacute onset of mild dementia and headaches was discovered to have multiple large, hyperdense lesions on cranial CT scan. Biopsy showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with necrosis and dystrophic calcification, which represented an unusual initial manifestation of metastatic breast carcinoma after a seven-year disease-free period. Neurologic symptoms improved with tamoxifen therapy.
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PMID:Calcified intracranial metastases from breast carcinoma with a therapeutic response to tamoxifen therapy. 394 60

All patients with oligodendrogliomas (554) from the repository of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The pathological diagnosis was confirmed in 323 patients and each case was graded according to a previously established grading system. The clinical features of these 323 verified cases of oligodendroglioma are presented, analyzed, and compared with findings in previous studies. There is a significant age skew according to tumor grade, with 68% of patients with grade A tumors under 40 years and 83% of patients with grade D tumors over 40 years of age. Headache was the most common symptom, followed by seizure, visual loss, papilledema, paralysis, and dementia. No symptoms showed a statistically significant correlation with tumor grade. However, tumor grading allowed significant prognostic statements to be made. Attention is drawn to several often neglected symptoms of oligodendrogliomas: ataxia, hemorrhage, stroke, and cerebrospinal fluid spread. This is, to our knowledge, the largest clinicopathological study of oligodendrogliomas to date.
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PMID:A clinicopathological study of 323 patients with oligodendrogliomas. 394 35

Central nervous system involvement occurred in 28 of 121 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The major risk factor in this AIDS population was intravenous drug abuse (64%). A neurologic symptom or disability was the principal reason for hospitalization in 16 cases (57%). Three patients had primary lymphoma of the brain and the remainder had opportunistic infections. Patients with focal neurological features usually had toxoplasmosis. Progressive headache and meningeal signs occurred with cryptococcosis. A progressive subacute dementia was probably due to cytomegalovirus. Other infections included atypical mycobacteria, candida, herpes zoster and possible progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
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PMID:Central nervous system involvement in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). 401 58

The clinical syndrome of meningeal carcinomatosis includes headache, dementia, radiculopathy, and cranial nerve palsies. Blindness may be the first, or most prominent, symptom. When blindness occurs in adult life, meningeal carcinomatosis should be included in the differential diagnosis, even in the absence of other symptoms and in the absence of known malignancy. Although all pathophysiological mechanisms of the blindness in meningeal carcinomatosis have not yet been elucidated, optic nerve involvement by meningeal tumour-cuffing, by chronic papilloedema, and by direct tumour infiltration represent the likeliest causes. In the neuropathological analysis of such cases, the importance of analysing the intra-orbital portion of the optic nerves, in addition to the portions of the optic nerve and chiasm usually examined at routine necropsy, is emphasized. A case is described to illustrate this point, with the only pathological abnormality in the optic nerves being found within 6 mm of the retina.
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PMID:Meningeal carcinomatosis and blindness. 470 55

One hundred patients, aged between 60 and 92 years, were treated with tiapride for neurological disorders (abnormal movements, buccofacial dyskinesias, dopa therapy complications, ballism, eyelid tics, senile tremor, post-traumatic headache, delirium tremens), psychiatric disorders with more or less marked agitation and of various types (hysteria, depression, mood disturbances, hypochondria, delusions, hallucinations), or for mental deficiency, senile dementia, or arteriopathic dementia. Results were excellent, being satisfactory in 70 p. cent, and even more marked in some groups. Tolerance was very good, with some rare cases of somnolence. The efficacy and safety of tiapride makes it of particular value for treating neuropsychiatric disorders in geriatric patients.
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PMID:[Tiapride in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders in the elderly (author's transl)]. 627 32

Among patients with renal failure, there have been impressive modifications of both the duration and quality of life as a result of dialysis, renal transplantation, and improved medical management. However, patients who have renal failure continue to manifest a variety of neurologic disorders. Patients with chronic renal failure who have not yet received dialytic therapy may develop a symptom complex progressing from mild sensorial clouding to delirium and coma, with tremor, asterixis, multifocal myoclonus, and seizures. Even after the institution of otherwise adequate maintenance dialysis therapy, patients may continue to be afflicted with more subtle nervous system dysfunction, including impaired mentation, generalized weakness, and peripheral neuropathy. The central nervous system disorders of both untreated renal failure and that persisting despite dialysis are referred to as uremic encephalopathy. The dialytic treatment of end stage renal disease has itself been associated with the emergence of two distinct, new disorders of the central nervous system: Dialysis dysequilibrium and dialysis dementia. The dialysis disequilibrium syndrome consists of headache, nausea, muscle cramps, obtundation and seizures, and is a consequence of the initiation of dialysis therapy in some patients. Dialysis dementia is a progressive, generally fatal encephalopathy which affects patients on chronic hemodialysis. This disease also appears to be a complication of the therapy for renal failure.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of dialysis encephalopathy. 636 3

We describe three patients with mitochondrial myopathy, dementia, loss of vision and hearing, seizure disorder with myoclonus, intermittent headaches of a vascular type, visual hallucinations, cerebellar dysfunction, and lactic acidosis. Muscle biopsies in all patients and liver biopsy in one revealed abnormal mitochondria. The disorder may be due to a deficiency of mitochondrial NADH-CoQ dehydrogenase.
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PMID:Mitochondrial myopathy and encephalopathy: three cases--a deficiency of NADH-CoQ dehydrogenase? 641 59

Seven cases of lobar cerebral haemorrhage due to amyloid angiopathy were found among 60 necropsy cases of intracerebral haemorrhage. Clinically five patients were demented and two had hypertension. Immediately after the onset of stroke there was a high incidence of headache and vomiting, followed by nuchal rigidity. Amyloid angiopathy was most prominent in the cerebral cortex and the leptomeninges. Senile plaques were noted in all cases. One should suspect that a haemorrhage may be due to amyloid angiopathy, when lobar cerebral haemorrhage occurs in an aged, normotensive patient with or without dementia. Surgical evacuation of the haematoma is inadvisable, because of the diffuse nature of amyloid angiopathy, high recurrence rate and less tendency to cause brain stem compression.
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PMID:Amyloid angiopathy and lobar cerebral haemorrhage. 650 78

A 76 year old patient with a long history of headaches was found to have Paget's disease and communicating hydrocephalus. There were (otherwise) no neurological or musculo-skeletal manifestations of Paget's disease, but moderate impairment of intellectual function was present. Treatment with disphosphonates did not bring any significant improvement, but three days following a ventriculo-atrial shunting procedure, the patient became headache-free for the first time in several years. In the literature, patients with hydrocephalus have been shown to respond quite unevenly to atrio-ventricular shunting, but in most instances the descriptions concerned advanced cases with well-established symptoms of dementia, ataxia and incontinence. Our case is reported to stress the importance of early diagnosis and management of hydrocephalus in Paget's disease for the prevention of widespread neurological dysfunction.
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PMID:Hydrocephalus and headaches in Paget's disease of the skull: complete relief by ventriculo-atrial shunt. 670 97


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