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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cogan syndrome is a multisystem inflammatory vascular disease, characterized by nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis and vestibuloauditory symptoms. Recent reports have directed attention to involvement of other organ systems. Respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal problems are common, as are laboratory abnormalities and general symptoms such as fever, chills, and weight loss. Prominent neurologic problems in two patients prompted a review of 79 cases of Cogan syndrome. More than half had nervous system involvement, including electroencephalographic or spinal fluid abnormality, headache, psychosis, coma, convulsion, neuropathy, and stroke. Cogan syndrome should be considered when neurologic deficits are accompanied by eye, ear, and systemic symptoms.
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PMID:Neurologic manifestations of Cogan syndrome. 30 11

The Nigerian, because of gross shortage of 'western-trained' health personnel, not infrequently resorts to traditional native medicine and the native herbalists. The training of these native doctors is an arduous one and lasts on the average of 8-10 years. The core of their practice is handed-down tradition learned by rote and memorised. Pharmacotherapeutics are based in part on observations tested through the ages, and not uncommonly on the cause and effect phenomena. They are excellent psychotherapists, and maintain good relationship with their patients. Neurology as practised among the Yoruba native doctors recognises several classical neurological diseases including epilepsy, cerebrovascular accidents, fever and headache, migraine and the tropical ataxic neuropathy. Several often compound prescriptions are available, but the scientific basis of most of the prescriptions is for the moment unknown to them or to modern medicine. It seems that further research into some aspects of traditional native medicine may yield some fruitful results.
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PMID:The traditional basis of neuropsychiatric practice among the Yorubas of Nigeria. 121 25

We report on a 20-year-old man who had scrub typhus with the unusual neurologic complication of brachial plexus neuropathy. The clinical features of fever, headache, pneumonitis, eschar, high Weil-Felix OX-K agglutination and Rickettsia tsutsugamushi immunofluorescence titers confirmed the diagnosis of scrub typhus. Brachial plexus neuropathy was proven by an electrophysiologic examination. He had a nearly complete recovery after adequate medical treatment.
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PMID:Brachial plexus neuropathy associated with scrub typhus: report of a case. 135 27

We report the first known case of daunorubicin administered directly into the human central nervous system. A 3 1/2-year-old female with pneumonia and otitis media was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and was admitted for antibiotics and chemotherapy. On the first day she inadvertently received a 17 mg intrathecal (IT) injection of daunorubicin. When the error was recognized about 1 hour later, her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was exchanged with sterile saline by barbotage, IT hydrocortisone was given, a subarachnoid catheter was inserted, and the CSF was allowed to drain for 36 hours. Only 5.6 mg (33%) of the dose was recovered from CSF, 2.7 mg as daunorubicin and 2.9 mg as the metabolite, daunorubicinol. Initially she was asymptomatic and induction therapy continued with vincristine, 1-asparaginase, prednisone, and IT methotrexate. One week after the daunorubicin injection she developed headache and irritability; CSF protein was 3.2 gm/dl. On the 12th day, she developed fungal sepsis and worsening pneumonia. On the 15th day, she became comatose with a flacid paraparesis, areflexia, and an ascending progressive bulbar palsy. A series of computerized tomography scans over 6 weeks showed increasing diffuse cerebral atrophy. Nerve conduction velocity studies were consistent with an axonal neuropathy. Despite her multiple concurrent medical problems, the timing and characteristics of neurologic damage suggest that IT daunorubicin caused progressive destruction of the nervous system.
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PMID:Inadvertent intrathecal injection of daunorubicin with fatal outcome. 157 39

Iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analog, was evaluated clinically for its ability to ameliorate the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy associated with diabetes. In an open, nonrandomized trial, 13 diabetic patients with neuropathy but without proliferative retinopathy received an intravenous infusion of Iloprost at a dose of 10 micrograms, at a rate of 0.1 micrograms/kg/h, twice daily for two weeks. The administration of Iloprost relieved the majority of such subjective symptoms as pain, numbness or sensation of cold and to a lesser extent, such autonomic symptoms as dizziness. In contrast, there was little evidence of objective improvement, e.g., in motor nerve conduction velocity. Iloprost treatment significantly inhibited the platelet aggregation rate stimulated by collagen in vitro. In the one patient tested, thermography revealed an increase in skin temperature by more than 2 degrees C. Side effects associated with Iloprost included headache (3 patients) or aggravation of pain in the extremities (2 patients) and could be ameliorated by slowing the infusion rate or by discontinuing the drug (one patient). Iloprost appears to be safe and effective for relieving the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Our results provide the rationale for a double-blind, clinical trial in larger populations of diabetics with peripheral neuropathy.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of a stable prostacyclin analog, iloprost, in diabetic neuropathy. 170 9

A prospective study of the neurological manifestations in all patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) was conducted between February 1985 to January 1989. Excluding herpes zoster infection of peripheral or cranial nerves, post-herpetic neuralgia and migraine, 36 neurological episodes occurred in 33 patients. The presenting symptoms were mental confusion (10), psychosis (five), seizures (six), focal neurological deficit (three), coma (two), headache (five), blurring of vision (three), neuropathy (one) and myelopathy (one). Of these manifestations, only eight episodes were due to primary involvement by SLE: psychosis (two), seizure (two), multiple cerebral infarcts (one), papillitis (one), neuropathy (one) and myelopathy (one). Infection was the most common secondary cause of neurological episodes: all 10 episodes of mental confusion (fungal seven, pyogenic two, tuberculous one, nocardial one); two of six seizures (tuberculous one, pyogenic one); all five headaches (tuberculous meningitis three, cryptococcal meningitis two). The other secondary causes included steroid psychosis (two), hypertensive encephalopathy with seizure (one) and hypertensive retinopathy (one). Three of five cases of focal neurological deficit were due to macrovascular disease rather than to vasculitic infarction. We concluded that cerebral psychosis was a relatively rare presentation in our patients with SLE. In patients who presented with a neurological problem, especially mental confusion, efforts should be made to ascertain the underlying cause, especially if this may be an infection.
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PMID:Neurological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study. 180 Oct 58

Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis is a disease commonly seen in Taiwan, especially in children during the summer rainy season. Most of the cases reported in other countries were adults and their clinical manifestations were different from children. Studies on special clinical characteristics of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis among 82 children in Taiwan were performed. Thirty-eight (46.3%) were male and 44 (53.7%) females, and 87% could be traced to a history of contact with the intermediate host, the giant African snail, Achatina fulica, which plays a major role in transmission. The incubation period (average: 13.2 days) was shorter in children than in adults (average: 16.5 days). In about one-third (30.5%) of the total cases, the clinical form was meningoencephalitis, which was higher than in adult cases seen in Thailand (5%). The most common clinical symptom was fever (91.5%), followed by vomiting and headache. The percentages of sixth and seventh cranial neuropathy associated with the disease were 19.5% and 11.0% respectively. Ophthalmologic fundoscopy showed that 25.0% with papilledema which was significantly higher than seen in adults (12%) in Thailand. Most of the cases in this study had peripheral leukocytosis (above 10,000/mm3) and eosinophilia (above 10%); the percentages were 82.9% and 84.1%, respectively. The worm recovery rate from cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture of 82 cases was 41.5%; 141 worms were collected from one female patient using a pumping method. In the recent 2 years, albendazole and levamisole were used clinically with good result.
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PMID:Clinical studies on angiostrongyliasis cantonensis among children in Taiwan. 182 85

The patient who presents with a severe and acute headache should be evaluated radiographically with CT. The key diagnosis to make in this situation is hemorrhage, either subarachnoid or intraparenchymal. Computed tomography is more sensitive to acute hemorrhage than is MRI. When the patient is stable, MRI frequently contributes information to narrow the diagnostic possibilities, because vascular malformations and certain parenchymal lesions have a characteristic appearance on MRI. Hydrocephalus may also present acutely and is easily seen on CT or MRI. In a patient may show WMF and atrophy. The patient with trigeminal neuropathy may demonstrate central or peripheral lesions. In temporomandibular joint dysfunction, conventional tomography and MRI are frequently used. Magnetic resonance imaging shows excellent detail of the disk and surrounding soft tissues, whereas tomography better demonstrates bony changes. When a history of trauma is present, MRI may show a subacute subdural hematoma. These collections are easily seen on MRI, even when isodense on CT. Evidence of old shear injury is also well seen on MRI. Finally, neoplastic, inflammatory, congenital, and idiopathic sources of headache may be demonstrated by either MRI or CT, depending on presentation. MRI will generally show superior characterization.
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PMID:The radiology of headache. 202 Feb 11

Central nervous system involvement of systemic lupus erythematosus was observed in 34 (36%) of the 94 patients studied between 1970-1990. A review of the diagnostic methods and therapy for central nervous system lupus is presented. The diagnosis of primary cerebral lupus was based on the history, physical examination and on the results of the cerebrospinal fluid analysis, CT-scan and EEG. Intractable headache (22/34), behavioural abnormalities (18/34), cranial neuropathy (16/34) occurred most frequently among neuropsychiatric symptoms. Immunoglobulin analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid proved to be the most sensitive method for detecting clinical activity (in 20/23). Central nervous system involvement was suggested by conventional serological test to a lesser degree. Alterations on CT scan and EEG were found in 17/27 and 14/26 of cases, respectively. IgM, IgA, and IgG indexes (indicators of intratechal immunglobulin synthesis) decreased when the central nervous system events subsided after successful treatment but the CT abnormalities (e. g. atrophy) were not altered.
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PMID:[The role of the central nervous system in lupus erythematosus]. 204 15

Cocaine is increasingly used by drug addicts. It is considered harmless, but numerous, varied and often serious complications due to its abuse have been published. Among these, neurological complications are in the forefront. They include generalized or partial epileptic seizures, ischaemic or haemorrhagic cerebral vascular accidents, visual loss caused by optic neuropathy or by retinal artery occlusion, headaches and exacerbation of tics. Infections of the central nervous system are possible via endocarditis or septicaemia of venous or nasal origin. Neurological disorders may also occur as a consequence of a major cardiovascular complication induced by cocaine (myocardial infarction and/or dysrhythmia, aortic dissection). These neurological complications are unpredictable, and they weigh heavily on the functional and sometimes vital prognosis in habitual or occasional cocaine abusers.
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PMID:[Neurologic complications of cocaine abuse]. 214 Nov 59


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