Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a double-blind randomized trial of 42 patients with classic or common migraine, indobufen, an antiplatelet drug that inhibits platelet cyclo-oxygenase, was compared with placebo in the prevention of migraine. The duration of treatment was 3 months, and the efficacy was assessed on the basis of the following variables: frequency and duration of attacks, headache index (intensity x frequency); 35 completed the investigation. Indobufen at an oral dose of 200 mg b.i.d. reduced all the variables considered, where placebo did not. The drug was generally well tolerated. The findings of the preliminary trial suggest that indobufen might be an useful alternative in the prophylaxis of migraine.
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PMID:A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of indobufen in the prophylaxis of migraine. 304 94

Tension headache (TH) is an ill-defined headache syndrome, characterized by bilateral, daily headaches with fronto-occipital localisation. TH is often accompanied by a migraine and an abuse of analgesics and/or ergotamine. In the etiology of TH vascular, muscular and psychogenic factors are assumed. Floating transitions to common migraine are discussed. The increased muscle tension is not specific for TH, but more probably a consequence of TH. In addition a decrease of the pain threshold with a deficiency of the antinociceptive system is supposed. The efficacy of tricyclic antidepressives in TH is based on potentiation of serotonergic and noradrenergic mechanisms and - besides their analgetic potencies - upon an increase of the pain threshold. TH prophylaxis is indicated if patients suffer from TH more than ten times per month. Medication are tricyclic antidepressives of the amitriptyline-type. Prophylaxis of TH can only be successful if a simultaneous abuse of analgesics and/or ergotamine is discontinued. In addition, EMG-biofeedback, as well as relaxation - and vasoconstriction training might be helpful in specific cases.
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PMID:[Tension headache--a review]. 306 80

Intravenous administration of 50 micrograms or 200 micrograms thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to men with common migraine elicited blunted prolactin (PRL) responses, when compared with healthy controls. The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response was enhanced after 50 micrograms TRH in the migraineurs, but not after 200 micrograms. The physiologic TSH dose-response relationship was abolished in migraine sufferers. The data may be interpreted in the light of dopaminergic and noradrenergic supersensitivity, for PRL and TSH, respectively. The TSH response in migraine differs from the one that occurs in depression.
Cephalalgia 1987 Dec
PMID:Thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in common migraine. 312 67

Sixty-one patients, 16 with classic and 45 with common migraine, were treated during three subsequent attacks with pirprofen, a new inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis; an ergotamine tartrate compound; or placebo, in a randomized, double-blind multicentre study. Pain relief after a single dose and reduction of the attack intensity occurred most often with pirprofen in patients who needed more than one dose. Among them, however, the duration of attack was shortest with ergotamine. Working ability was well preserved with pirprofen, especially among patients with common migraine, and this treatment was ranked highest by the patients. However, no statistically significant differences were found between pirprofen and ergotamine. No serious side effects were observed with pirprofen. This study establishes the usefulness of pirprofen in the treatment of acute migraine.
Cephalalgia 1988 Sep
PMID:Placebo-controlled double-blind trial of pirprofen and an ergotamine tartrate compound in migraine attacks. 314 82

In order to study the role of platelets in migraine and cerebrovascular disease, beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) plasma levels, indices of in vivo platelet activation, were assayed in two groups of patients suffering from migraine (common/classic and classic/complicated migraine, respectively) and in one group suffering from transitory ischemic attacks (TIAs). Plasma determinations were carried out in the absence of treatment and during the administration of aspirin (50 mg/daily) and flunarizine (10 mg/daily). Platelet activation was found in patients suffering from TIA; patients affected by classic and complicated migraine showed a high incidence of activation, in comparison with common migraine sufferers, also in headache-free periods. Administration of aspirin (ASA) was more effective than flunarizine in inducing a decrease in beta-TG and PF4 plasma levels in migraineurs. Aspirin, however, did not affect platelet activation in subjects suffering from ischemic attack even though we did not observe any relapse after one year of treatment. The different effect of ASA in TIAs and migraine indicates that the platelet activation in TIA patients is due not only to cyclo-oxygenase pathway but also to other in vivo pathways.
Cephalalgia 1985 May
PMID:Drugs and platelet activation in migraine and transient ischemic attacks. 316 Apr 72

Flunarizine (10 mg/day for 60 days) was given to eight postmenopausal women with common migraine. Plasma LH pulsatility fluctuation, peripheral concentrations of prolactin (PRL), cortisol, beta-endorphin (beta-EP), beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) and Pain Total Index (PTI) were evaluated before and after treatment. PTI was significantly reduced by flunarizine, which did not affect beta-LPH, beta-EP and cortisol plasma levels. On the contrary, both PRL values and amplitude, and length of LH pulses had increased at the end of treatment. Flunarizine reduced head pain in postmenopausal women. However, the enhancement of both PRL and LH release indicates that this calcium antagonist might interfere with the dopaminergic tonus.
Cephalalgia 1985 May
PMID:Neuroendocrine effects of flunarizine treatment in postmenopausal women. 316 Apr 73

Platelet function in vitro and in vivo (ADP-induced platelet aggregation, circulating platelet aggregates, beta-thromboglobulin plasma levels) has been studied in children with common migraine, in headache-free intervals. Migraine patients demonstrated increased circulating platelet aggregates when compared with controls. Moreover, two of ten patients had pathological beta-thromboglobulin levels. These data indicate that in some children with migraine there is an abnormality of platelet function during headache-free periods.
Cephalalgia 1985 May
PMID:Platelet function in childhood migraine. 316 Apr 76

Somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) after median nerve stimulation were studied in 34 patients with common migraine, in 30 patients with muscle-contraction headache, and in 10 cluster headache patients. The SEPs were registered before and after histamine administration. Latency values in common migraineurs showed no variation when compared with those in controls. Although not statistically significant, the N1-P2 amplitude was increased in 14 (41.1%) of these patients after histamine stimulation. No changes were observed in muscle-contraction headache patients either with or without histamine administration. In all cluster headache patients, the N1-P2 amplitude decreased after histamine stimulation. These results are discussed in the light of current hypotheses concerning the pathophysiologic mechanisms of headache.
Cephalalgia 1988 Sep
PMID:Somatosensory-evoked potential study in headache patients. 319 95

The absolute and proportional EMG levels of the frontal, temporal, and corrugator muscles of 37 migraine patients and 37 matched controls were recorded during three experimental sessions: adaptation and real-life and experimental stress, both of long duration. Migraine patients did not show significantly different absolute EMG levels but had higher proportional EMG levels of the corrugator muscle than controls in each session. Migraine patients did not have different facial muscle responses to stress, and the two experimental groups reacted similarly to real-life and experimental stress. No relation was found between muscle activity and reported headache within 24 h after real-life stress. Increased EMG activity due to stress does not seem to be a significant cause of headache in common migraine as defined in this study, but rather a response to pain. Migraine patients with headache during stress showed lower muscle tension than patients without headache.
Cephalalgia 1988 Sep
PMID:EMG in common migraine: changes in absolute and proportional EMG levels during real-life stress. 319 96

Twenty-six patients were examined during attacks of common migraine as well as during headache-free interval. Pericranial tenderness was scored blindly by a systematic manual palpation on both occasions by the same observer. Pressure-pain threshold (PPT) in a fixed location over the temporal muscle was determined by the use of a pressure algometer. A 28% increase in total tenderness score was observed during attacks (P less than 0.01). During unilateral attacks, tenderness scores were significantly higher on the ipsilateral side as compared to the contralateral (P less than 0.01). A positive correlation was observed between tenderness on the two sides (P less than 0.05) and the two occasions (P less than 0.01). PPT showed no changes during migraine attacks and there was no difference in PPT between the ipsilateral and contralateral side. A positive correlation was observed between PPT on the two sides and the two occasions (P less than 0.01). PPT was not correlated to the tenderness scores obtained by manual palpation. The absence of a decrease in PPT and the presence of several tender areas in multiple regions, particularly where pain was spontaneously reported to be located, suggest the presence of either a multi-focal peripheral pathological process or referred pain from other structures in the head and neck region.
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PMID:Pericranial muscle tenderness and pressure-pain threshold in the temporal region during common migraine. 320 May 99


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