Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 4-year-old boy presented with anorexia, headache, and poor spirits was found to have tumors in posterior fossa and suprasellar region which enclosed by CT scan of brain. Bilateral suboccipital craniotomy was performed by neurosurgeon. The pathological report revealed the tumor was malignant rhabdoid tumor. The patient died two and one half months after diagnosis in spite of surgical resection and radiotherapy of the tumor.
 ...
PMID:Intracranial malignant rhabdoid tumor: report of one case. 248 56

The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of oral isradipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocking agent, were determined in 42 normal male volunteers participating in two separate studies. Eighteen of the subjects received 2.5-, 5-, and 10-mg oral doses of isradipine solution (Study 1). The remaining 24 subjects received four 2.5-mg capsules, one 10-mg capsule, and 10 mg of isradipine as an oral solution (Study 2). Venous blood samples were obtained prior to and at frequent intervals after administration of each dose form. Plasma isradipine concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. No significant dose effect occurred with respect to any pharmacokinetic parameter except AUC and Cmax in Study 1. In Study 2, Cmax, tmax, and MRT were significantly different after the solution compared with the capsular formulations. The respective pharmacokinetic parameters (mean +/- SD) for the 10-mg solution and 10-mg capsule in Study 2 were time to maximum concentration, 0.40 +/- .28 and 1.57 +/- 0.44 hours; oral clearance, 284.9 +/- 105.3 and 317.0 +/- 138.4 L/hr; elimination half-life, 5.36 +/- 1.8 and 6.63 +/- 2.4 hrs, respectively. Headache, dizziness, and tachycardia were the most frequent adverse effects in both studies.
 ...
PMID:The pharmacokinetics of oral isradipine in normal volunteers. 296 65

The rare case of a status of complicated migraine with more than two weeks duration and severe neurological deficits is reported. The clinical symptoms were global aphasia, mild fluctuating hemiparesis on the right side and headache without localization on one side. The presence of a characteristic constellation of morphological and functional findings on investigation (EEG, SPECT, TCD) helped to clarify the diagnosis. In addition, the functional investigations proved remarkably valuable in following the course of the illness. The decrease of clinical symptoms was clearly correlated with SPECT and TCD findings, while CCT and MRT remained unspecific and EEG did not become normal.
 ...
PMID:[Functional and structural follow-up findings in complicated migraine]. 768 Jul 73

This investigation was aimed at the determination of the absolute bioavailability of theophylline and quinine after single oral dose administration of Limptar tablets or Limptar N tablets with reference to intravenous administration of Euphyllin 0.48 short infusion and Chininum dihydrochloricum Buchler solution for injection. The study design was characterized as single dose, three-factorial, four-treatment, four-period Latin square design (factor A: period, factor B: treatment, factor C: sequence). The target parameters were AUCnorm, AUC0-infinity, ABA, and secondary parameters Cmax, tmax, t1/2 lambda z, MRT, HVD. The study was carried out on 12 healthy nonsmoking male volunteers between 24 and 42 years of age and confined to a ward for 4 study days (but not during the remaining days of washout phases which lasted 1 week). The treatments (not blinded) were as follows: b1, Chininum dihydrochloricum Buchler solution for injection, infusion of 163.3 mg quinine; b2, Euphyllin 0.48, short infusion of 168.6 mg theophylline; b3, Limptar tablets, 1 tablet containing 215.5 mg quinine and 167.2 mg theophylline; b4, Limptar N tablets, 1 tablet containing 165.75 mg quinine. A validated HPLC-UV method was used to determine plasma concentrations of drugs. The absolute bioavailability of theophylline and quinine from the two formulations Limptar and Limptar N was nearly complete (90% on the average). Administration of Limptar N tablets resulted in quinine concentrations which were higher and reached maximum faster as compared to administration of Limptar. Average quinine concentrations observed 8.0 h p.a. of Limptar exceeded those seen with Limptar N. Accordingly, this was as well reflected by a doubling of half duration time after Limptar compared to Limptar N. With respect to the safety parameters such as hemodynamics, ECG, hematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis, there were no clinically relevant findings. All adverse events observed or reported during the study (mainly blurred vision and headache) were mildly pronounced, rated as possibly drug-related or unrelated to the study drugs, and disappeared spontaneously within the confinement period in the ward. In conclusion, the medications tested were well tolerated. No major differences in tolerability of quinine or theophylline given alone or in combination were observed. The difference in pharmacokinetic behavior of quinine in the two oral formulations may result from differences in pharmaceutical characteristics of the formulations.
 ...
PMID:Study on the absolute bioavailability of quinine and theophylline from tablets after single dose oral administration as compared to intravenous infusion in healthy male non-smoking volunteers. 774 27

The frequency of postspinal headaches after accidental puncture of the subarachnoid space with 16-18 G Tuohy needles is reported at 59-85%. A case of postspinal headache syndrome persisting over a period of 6 weeks following epidural anaesthesia during labour is described. The treatment is discussed. CASE REPORT. A 30-year-old woman had severe postspinal headache for 6 weeks after epidural anaesthesia during labour. Conservative therapy for 3 days and 4 days of bedrest followed by crystalloid infusions during a 3-week hospital stay and a subsequent 3-week period of bedrest at home did not lead to lasting pain relief. Intracranial haematoma and other abnormal processes were excluded by CCT. A pathologic EEG was not confirmed by cranial MRT. A lumbar epidural blood patch of 15 ml of autologous blood was performed at L3/4. The patient stayed in bed for 12 h. After 3 h free of pain the patient complained of recurring headache. After a further 48 h of bedrest she had recovered. Because of lumbar pain 4 days after the epidural blood patch a MRT was performed, which showed the blood at L4 to S3 in the epidural space. DISCUSSION. The diagnosis of a cerebrospinal fluid leakage was based on the history and the main symptom of postspinal headache: the pain onset in the supine position. Such possible treatments as diminishing subarachnoidal pressure by bedrest, increasing cerebrospinal fluid production by infusions, increasing epidural pressure by epidural infusions and closing the cerebrospinal fluid leakage by epidural blood patch are discussed. The average success rate with the epidural blood patch is 93%. Volumes ranging from 5 to 20 ml are discussed for the autologous blood. We chose 15 ml of blood, to take account of the possibility that blood might settle in the wide sacral space. We were able to document the position of the blood patch as L4 to S3 on MR tomography (the injection site was L3/4). Most patients are free of headache 1 h after epidural blood patch. Our patient had to be confined to bed for another 48 h because of recurring headache. The blood patch alone was not immediately sufficient to prevent all further cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Probably more than one subarachnoidal puncture had been made during the difficult epidural anaesthetic procedure. On the other hand, the leak was probably only diminished because of the blood patch descending down to the wide sacral space. The combination of the large-volume blood patch, which diminished the leakage, and conservative treatment, which narrowed the transdural pressure difference, was successful: the 6-week postspinal headache was cured. CONCLUSION. Prolonged postspinal headache should be treated by epidural blood patch. The use of over 10 ml cannot be generally recommended, although in this case most of the blood patch of 15 ml was localized caudally. Careful monitoring for side effects is necessary with blood volumes larger than 10 ml. If there is no immediate relief, conservative therapy with 24-48 h of bedrest is recommended. If the headache persists a second blood patch should be performed, with the volume and the probable caudal spreading of the first taken into account.
 ...
PMID:[Epidural blood patch for the treatment of postspinal puncture headache. Successful therapy after 6 weeks following accidental dura perforation in obstetric PDA]. 804 69

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNT) were first described as a new tumor entity by Daumas-Duport et al. in 1988 and were introduced into the revised WHO classification of brain tumors in 1993. The purpose of this study was to work out neuroradiological CT and MRT patterns of DNT. Five patients, aged 11-61 years (three female, two male) underwent complete presurgical neuroradiological exploration (5 CT, 4 MRT investigations, 2 angiography) because of brain tumor. Four cases complained of seizures and one of occipital-located headache. Total microsurgical excision was achieved in two cases. Two further lesions were resected subtotally after stereotactic biopsy diagnosis. In one case, stereotactic biopsy alone was carried out. All DNTs were localized cortically: two frontobasal medial in the gyrus rectus, two temporobasal in the gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis and one infratentorial in the lobus caudalis cerebelli. They were sharply demarcated from the surrounding brain tissue. Cortical localization was better visualized by MRT, especially on coronal and sagittal images. CT scans showed a hypodense lesion, MRT a high-signal intensity in T2, low signal in T1 and in proton-weighted images a hyperintense rim with a slightly hyperintense small cyst. The multinodular tumor architecture was best seen in MRT. Two DNTs presented partial contrast enhancement, while three DNTs did not take up contrast. In two lesions there were focal calcifications. The infratentorial DNT was associated with a bony defect of the tabula interna into which the tumor expanded. Two angiographies showed no pathological tumor neovascularization. A hypodense sharply demarcated lesion with a multinodular pattern in MRT with cortical location and without space-occupying signs is, in combination with the clinical symptom of epileptic seizures, highly suggestive of DNT. As our results demonstrate, DNT can also occur in the infratentorial space.
 ...
PMID:[Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT). Pattern of neuroradiologic findings]. 903 30

Teratoid/rhabdoid tumor is a recently introduced infantile brain neoplasm of uncertain origin clinically characterized by a most aggressive course. We describe the case of a 2-year-old boy and a 7-year-old girl, the former presenting with central fever and hemiparesis, while vomiting and headache were symptoms in the latter. A brain tumor in the right fronto-parieto-occipital and the left fronto-medial parenchyma, respectively, were found and removed by surgery. On histology, both lesions consisted of sheets of ovoid cells with prominent cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei and macronucleoli. In the second case, a spindle-cell component and bone metaplasia were also noted. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells contained whorls of intermediate filaments. Immunohistochemistry revealed a polyphenotypic expression profile including positivity for epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin and a-actin. There was no evidence of a germ-cell origin. Chromosomal translocation involving 22q11 was established cytogenetically in the first case. The teratoid/rhabdoid tumor shares many common traits with renal rhabdoid tumors and primitive neuroectodermal tumors as well as germ cell neoplasms; therefore its being an entity is debated.
 ...
PMID:[Teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system]. 945 8

Preeclampsia is a disorder specific to pregnancy which can affect all maternal organs. Cerebral involvement with the occurrence of convulsions is the defining factor for eclampsia. The most prominent signs of cerebral dysfunction include headache, hyperreflexia, visual disturbances, confusion and/or altered state of consciousness. Patients usually recover completely however some patients remain disabled due to cerebrovascular damage. Intracerebral and subarachnoidal hemorrhage are severe however rare complications of eclampsia. TCD investigations regularly find vasospasm in all great cerebral arteries. Reversible hypodense lesions in the white matter on early CT-scans and increased signal intensities on T2-weighted MRT images indicate local edema. The etiology of preeclampsia and eclampsia remains unknown and its current pathophysiology is still hypothetical. The clinical picture may best be explained by an endothelial dysfunction with increased vascular sensitivity to circulating pressure agents as well as by a structural endothelial lesion with fluid loss from the intravascular compartment.
 ...
PMID:[Neurological spectrum of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia]. 1063 16

Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), described for the first time in 1978 in the kidney, has rarely been reported in other organs including the brain and has involved adults in only 3 cases. We described a case of MRT in a 32-year-old woman who presented with severe headache, nausea and sudden onset of visual disturbance. MRI showed a well-enhanced mass at the suprasellar region. Subtotal removal of the tumor was performed. However, tumor regrowth occurred after the operation (doubling time, 8.36 days) and spinal dissemination was detected. Therefore, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were administered focusing on the suprasellar lesion and the spinal cord. Pathologically, light micrographs showed rhabdoid cells with large, round, single or double nuclei with one prominent nucleolus and eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions. Electron micrographs were made of typical rhabdoid cells displaying bundles of intermediate filaments within the perikaryon. In immunohistochemical studies, EMA, vimentin, cytokeratin and SMA were positive. Pathological findings were consistent with those of MRT. Optimal treatment for this tumor has not been established. Our case may be useful in defining treatment for MRT.
 ...
PMID:[Suprasellar primary malignant rhabdoid tumor in an adult: a case report]. 1076 34

A Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) arising in the right temporoparietal lobe of a 9-year-old boy is described along with the results of an immunohistochemical study. The patient initially sought medical attention for a ptosis and right sided headache. The child underwent a subtotal resection of the tumor, followed by radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy, but died three years after surgery. A MRT, a primary neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS), is an entity of unknown histogenesis with a dismal prognosis, which only occurs in early childhood. Histologically similar tumors with more varied morphological features have been designated as an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. However, a classical MRT is extremely rare in the CNS and our case represents a classical CNS MRT.
 ...
PMID:Classical malignant rhabdoid tumor of central nervous system in 9-year-old Korean. 1129 95


1 2 3 Next >>