Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) infection rate in Okinawa Prefecture was less than 2% by the traditional method, it has been proven to be 6.2% by the new technique--agar plate method. Thiabendazole has strong activity to eradicate the organism, but it is well known that the rate of severe side effects is extremely high. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the new treatment for the infection by mebendazole and its combination with thiabendazole. The reason for use of the drug is based on the reports of successful treatment of S. stercoralis infection in humans with the mild and infrequent side effects produced by the drug. Thirty three patients were orally given mebendazole 100 mg twice daily for 28 days. Twenty six patients were given thiabendazole 500 mg thrice daily for 5 days and after that, mebendazole 100 mg twice daily for 9 days. This combination therapy was repeated twice. The following results were obtained: 1) Out of a total of 59 patients, the cure rate was 83.3% (20/24) in single use of mebendazole and 100.0% (22/22) in the combination therapy. 2) Constipation (9.1%) and headache (9.1%) were of relatively high incidence in the mebendazole group, but they were mild. Nausea (19.2%) and headache (15.4%) were observed in the combination therapy group and the drug was discontinued in 2 patients. 3) The incidence of the elevation of S-GOT, S-GPT was noted in 71.4% (20/28) for the mebendazole group and 52.2% (12/23) for combination therapy group. All 13 patients of the mebendazole group were negative in lymphocyte stimulation test for mebendazole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Treatment of strongyloidiasis with mebendazole and its combination with thiabendazole]. 228 84

Fifteen Thai children, diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever and admitted to the Children's Hospital in Bangkok, were studied. All cases were serologically proved to be secondary dengue infections. The clinical signs and symptoms in the first few days of the acute febrile phase were similar to those observed in cases with classical dengue fever, and included continuously high fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, etc. In the laboratory findings we noted hypoalbuminemia and mild elevation of the GOT and GPT. The hemogram showed an increasing atypical lymphocyte count during the acute febrile period. Prolongations of the partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were also found, especially in the severe shock cases. All patients had varying degrees of hepatomegaly and pleural effusion from their chest x-rays accompanied by a rapid increase in the hematocrit of more than 20% and a fall in the platelet count to less than 100000/microliters. During the plasma leakage period the patients easily developed shock, even leading to death, unless adequate fluid supplies were given. This is also the major pathophysiological difference between dengue hemorrhagic fever and classical dengue fever. Although some studies concerning the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever have been reported, but the exact mechanisms need further investigation.
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PMID:[Clinical observation of 15 Thai children with dengue hemorrhagic fever]. 234 55

After the evaluation of 129 serum samples of persons who had ingested boar sausage infested by Trichinella spiralis, 48 individuals (40 adults and 8 children) with a mean age of 38.8 years were diagnosed of trichinosis. The incubation time was 17 days (range 2 to 44 days). The following clinical features were outstanding: facial and eyelid edema (50%), diffuse limb myalgia (43%), fever (37%), conjunctivitis (25%), headache (16%), and abdominal pain (16%). Remarkably, 33% of the diagnosed patients were asymptomatic. The diagnosis was made by an indirect immunofluorescence technique (IIF), which was considered as positive when the titer was higher than 1/20 after considering seroconversion at the beginning of the disease and after 4-6 weeks. Among laboratory abnormalities there was leukocytosis in 15 patients and eosinophilia in 37. The GOT, GPT and CPK enzymes were only slightly increased in a small proportion of patients (8, 10, and 31%, respectively). Forty patients were treated with thiabendazole, associated or not to corticosteroids, which was well tolerated. Eight patients were not treated. One year after the diagnosis a new laboratory control was undertaken in 43 patients (all asymptomatic). Eosinophilia was still present in 12, and the titers against Trichinella were high in all. However, the percentage of the titer was smaller than at the beginning of the outbreak.
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PMID:[Trichinosis: new epidemic outbreak caused by the ingestion of wild-boar sausage]. 249 Aug 58

For the purpose of evaluation of clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness on Salmonella enteritis, T-3262 (Tosufloxacin tosilate), a newly developed pyridone-carboxylic acid derivative, was administered to a total of 103 patients and carriers. In addition, in vitro antibacterial activity of T-3262 was determined against the clinical isolates, and compared with those of nalidixic acid (NA), pipemidic acid (PPA), enoxacin (ENX), norfloxacin (NFLX) and ofloxacin (OFLX). And when T-3262 was administered to the patients of acute infectious enteritis, fecal drug concentration and their correlation to the changes in the fecal microflora were investigated. The daily dose of 450 mg T-3262 was administered orally three times after meal for 7 days. A total of 63 cases were evaluated (one case of mixed infection caused by Shigella flexneri and Salmonella sp. was included). The clinical efficacy was good in all the enteritis (N = 6). As the bacteriological effect, 60 out of 61 were eradicated, and eradication rate was 98.4%. Adverse effects were observed in four of 102 cases (3.9%), consisting of one with skin rash, one with nausea, headache and stomatitis and two with soft stools. Deteriorations in laboratory findings were seen in 5 of 23 cases (17.4%), consisting of one with elevated GOT, two with elevated GOT and GPT, one with elevated BUN and one with increased eosinophiles count, although they were all slight in degree. MICs of T-3262 which inhibited 90% of the isolates of Salmonella spp. was 0.05 microgram/ml, which was the lowest among the quinolone derivatives tested. The values of the fecal drug concentration of 7 cases of acute infectious enteritis, to which T-3262 administered, were higher than that of MIC90 and recovery rates of T-3262 were distributed from 2.85 to 46.3%. The degrees of changes of the drug concentrations were dependent on individual cases, and did not show the same trend. In addition, changes in the fecal microflora with in 24 hrs after T-3262 administration did not show the same trend.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of T-3262 (Tosufloxacin tosilate) on Salmonella enteritis, and fecal drug concentration and change in the fecal microflora in the acute diarrheal patients. Japan Research Committee of T-3262, Research Group for Acute Infectious Enteritis]. 269 43

Intravenous drip infusion of a new aminoglycoside agent, astromicin (ASTM), was used for various urological infections, and its clinical efficacy and safety were studied. Each of almost all the patients tested was given 200 mg of ASTM twice a day by intravenous drip infusion. Among 114 cases with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) evaluated according to the criteria for evaluation of drug efficacy in UTI, clinical response was excellent in 16, moderate in 54 and poor in 44. The efficacy rate was 61.4%. Among 137 cases who were evaluated for side effects, headache was observed in 1 case (0.7%), which recovered spontaneously the day after the withdrawal of the drug. Slight elevation in S-GOT, S-GPT, Al-P and others was observed in 12 cases (8.8%) as abnormal laboratory test values.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of astromicin administered by intravenous drip infusion. Report III. Bacterial infections in the field of urology]. 310 7

Sixty-six patients with tonsillitis or pharyngolaryngitis received oral norfloxacin (NFLX) 200 mg b.i.d. or 300 mg b.i.d. for not less than 3 days in general at School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, and 6 related hospitals. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Ten patients were excluded from the study because 4 patients did not present at the follow-up visits, 4 patients did not follow the protocol and 2 patients had unclear infections. Thus, 56 patients were evaluated. 2. The fifty-six evaluable patients were classified as follows: Twenty patients were with tonsillitis and 36 were with pharyngolaryngitis. Thirty-eight patients were treated with 200 mg b.i.d. while 18 patients received 300 mg b.i.d. Thirty-two patients were male and 24 patients were female. Three patients were inpatients and 53 patients were outpatients. Most of patients were light or moderate cases, and the 26 patients had mild underlying disorders. 3. Clinical improvements were observed in 11 of 15 patients (73.3%) with tonsillitis and 25 of 30 patients (83.3%) with pharyngolaryngitis (80.0% overall) within 7 days administration. 4. Clinical improvements were observed in 15 of all 20 patients (75.0%) with tonsillitis and 30 of all 36 patients (83.3%) with pharyngolaryngitis (80.4% overall). 5. Bacteriologically, "eradication", "decrease" and "replacement" were observed in 6, 2 and 1 patients, respectively. 6. As for adverse effects, nausea and headache were observed in 1 patient and abnormal changes in laboratory findings were noted in 1 patient (slight elevations of GOT and GPT). 7. Oral NFLX 200 mg b.i.d. or 300 mg b.i.d. was as almost equally effective as 200 mg t.i.d. in tonsillitis or pharyngolaryngitis. Thus NFLX 200 mg b.i.d. or 300 mg b.i.d. appears to give sufficient clinical efficiency. 8. When antibacterial activity and serum half-life of NFLX are considered, twice daily administration was confirmed to be sufficiently effective in the clinical application.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation on the usefulness and safety of norfloxacin in a twice-a-day regimen against upper respiratory tract infections]. 366 91

A clinical Phase I study of recombinant human interferon alpha A (Ro 22-8181) was performed in patients with malignant tumors; twenty of them received an American product and seven others a domestic product. Both products were administered in single intramuscularly injected doses of 18, 36, 50, 75 and 100 X 10(6)U. Main side effects included fever and influenza-like symptoms (headache, chill/shivering, general fatigue, lumbago), and digestive symptoms (anorexia, nausea/vomiting). Numbness of fingers or limbs and somnolence were also observed in higher dose groups, but these symptoms all disappeared on the day of administration or by the 3rd day after administration. Abnormal laboratory findings included leukopenia, granulocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and increased GOT/GPT/LDH, but these returned to normal by the 10th day after administration. The peak blood concentration was correlated with the dose, falling to the base line 72 hr after administration. The American product and the domestic product were nearly comparable in the type and incidence of their side effects, and also produced generally comparable blood concentrations. Furthermore, increased anti-IFN-alpha antibody titer was not observed in any of the patients; and the Prick Test proved negative in all of them. No significant changes were observed in any immunological parameters, either.
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PMID:[Phase I study of recombinant human interferon alpha A (Ro 22-8181) in patients with malignant tumors]. 400 81

The clinical effectiveness of a new synthetic pyridoncarboxylic acid derivative, norfloxacin (NFLX: Baccidal) was studied in the urological field. NFLX was given clinically to 50 patients with urogenital tract infections; 40 cases were acute simple cystitis and 10 cases were complicated UTI satisfied the criteria of the UTI committee. Thirty two bacterial strains were isolated from the group of acute simple cystitis and 10 bacterial strains were isolated from the group of complicated UTI. Susceptibility of NFLX by the method of distribution and disk sensitivity was 97% in the former group and 89% in the latter group. The overall clinical efficacy rate estimated by the criteria of the UTI committee in 32 cases with acute simple cystitis was 97% and in 10 cases with complicated UTI was 60%. The incidence of side effect was 8.0% (4/50). All of these side effects which were nausea, abdominal fullness and headache may be attributable to the administration of NFLX. No abnormal laboratory findings were observed except for elevation in GOT and GPT values in 1 case (4.0%), which returned to normal after NFLX treatment. Therefore NFLX is suggested to be a clinically useful and safe drug in the treatment of UTI.
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PMID:[Clinical experience of norfloxacin (Baccidal) in the urological field]. 408 23

A case of subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated by neurogenic pulmonary edema and neurogenic myocardial damage is reported. A 50-year-old woman was admitted following the sudden onset of headache and disturbance of consciousness due to a ruptured internal carotid posterior communicating artery aneurysm on the right side. She showed respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema, which subsequently improved with the mechanical ventilation. After that, she manifested chest distress and hypotensive episode then occurred. An ECG showed QS wave and ST elevation which suggested the presence of inferolateral myocardial damage. Subsequent rises in serum GOT, GPT, LDH and CPK were noticed. CPK-MB and LDH I and V isozyme levels rose. An echo cardiogram showed hypokinesis of the apical half of the left ventricular septum. The patient died on 5th hospital day due to rerupture of the cerebral aneurysm. Autopsy revealed diffuse myocytolysis with coagulation necrosis of the heart muscle without occlusion of coronary arteries. A small hemorrhagic lesion was found in the hypothalamus. We suggested that a hypothalamic lesion due to subarachnoid hemorrhage stimulated the sympathetic nervous system which in turn discharged endogenic catecholamine. This was probably accompanied by vasospasm of the coronary arteries and systemic peripheral arterioles. Furthermore, myocardial oxygen consumption could have been increased by the increase in catecholamine. Finally, it gave rise to neurogenic pulmonary edema and extensive diffuse myocytolysis of the heart occurred.
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PMID:[Myocardial damage (myocytolysis) caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage]. 409 85

1. Clinical pharmacology The pharmacological studies on tobramycin (TOB) were studied in clinical patients. The peak serum levels following intravenous drip infusion (i.v.d.) administration of TOB 60 mg were 4.62 mcg/ml in 0.5 hour and 4.09 mcg/ml in 1 hour respectively which achieved at the discontinuance of the drug. In 1 case, the concentration in serum and urinary recovery were determined when 60 mg of TOB was given twice a day in i.v.d. at an interval of 5 hours. The peak serum level was 4.11 mcg/ml at the first administration, and 4.96 mcg/ml at the second. No significant accumulation of the drug was observed. The urinary recovery of TOB during 0 approximately 11.5 hours was 44%. 2. Clinical results Tobramycin was administered in a dose of 60 approximately 120 mg once or twice a day by i.v.d. against 18 cases of chronic complicated UTI. The duration of treatment varied but generally 5 days. An overall excellent or moderate effect was seen in 81%. 3. Clinical chemistry The clinical abnormal values from laboratory tests of renal, hepatic function and peripheral hematology in patients treated with TOB were observed in 2 cases. In 1 case BUN increase (17.6 leads to 23 mg/dl) and in the other GOT and GPT elevations (GOT 24.1 leads to 66.7 u, GPT 26.2 u leads to 68.8 u). The abnormal values, however, returned to normal within 2 weeks after the discontinuance of the drug. 4. Clinical tolerance Adverse reactions were encountered in 2 cases. The 1 case yielded skin rash with itching in the second day after therapy. The other case complained of general itching with mild headache 2 days after starting therapy. In the above cases TOB treatment was discontinued, soon after appearing these symptoms. The complete recovery was recognized within 2 days in each case. 5. Summary Based on the clinical pharmacology and clinical studies, intravenous drip infusion administration of tobramycin can be given safely and effectively in treatment of chronic complicated UTI.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluations of tobramycin in treatment of chronic complicated urinary tract infections by intravenous drip infusion administration (author's transl)]. 708 77


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