Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective case note survey of chronic subdural haematomata was carried out in an attempt to throw some light on the difficulties encountered in clinical diagnosis. The combination of raised intracranial pressure headache, fluctuating drowsiness and mild hemiparesis, although highly suggestive of subdural haematoma, is not always encountered, and epilepsy, aphasia, hemianopia and dense hemiplegia can all occur contrary to 'text book' descriptions. Head injury or other aetiological factors are commonly absent. The presentation may mimic tumour, dementia, cerebrovascular accident or subarachnoid haemorrhage. Non-invasive investigations may yield false negative results, although in the case of radionucleide scanning and computerized axial tomography the reliability is approaching 90 per cent. The diagnosis will, however, remain an unexpected finding at angiography in a percentage of cases.
 ...
PMID:Chronic subdural haematoma. 48 90

Two patients presenting with headache and radiological features of an enlarged sella turcica were found to have the primary empty sell syndrome. Whilst under observation, 1 patient developed papilloedema and was shown to have benign intracranial hypertension. The second patient also had raised intracranial pressure. A relationship between the empty sella syndrome and benign intracranial hypertension has previously been reported and it is suggested that in a patient with a congenitally incompetent diaphragma sella, chronically raised intracranial pressure caused herniation of the subarachnoid space into the sella turcica. Subsequently, sella turcica enlargement and remodelling occurs, sometimes with endocrine, visual and other sequelae. The clinical, radiological and CT scan features of the empty sella syndrome are discussed and the indications for major radiological studies are considered.
 ...
PMID:Primary empty sella syndrome and benign intracranial hypertension. 75 18

A woman with history of bifrontal headache, vomiting and loss of vision was diagnosed as a case of pseudotumor cerebri based on clinical and MRI findings. Bilateral abducens and facial nerve palsies were detected. Pseudotumor cerebri in this patient was not associated with any other illness or related to drug therapy. Treatment was given to lower the raised intracranial pressure to which the patient responded.
 ...
PMID:Facial nerve involvement in pseudotumor cerebri. 130 20

We report two cases of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with unusual central nervous system (CNS) involvement. The first patient had behavioural disturbances, memory loss and diabetes insipidus. His response to a range of treatments was poor. The second patient presented with seizures and headaches suggestive of raised intracranial pressure. Etoposide (VP16) chemotherapy led to a dramatic clinical and radiological improvement. The various CNS manifestations of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and their management are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and the nervous system. 151 12

Intraventricular neurocytoma (IN), a recently recognized, benign cerebral tumor of young adults, can be confused with oligodendroglioma and other neoplasms. The authors compared the radiologic features of six pathologically confirmed cases of IN with those of 26 previously reported cases. The presenting symptoms were headache (62%), raised intracranial pressure (41%), and seizures (12%). Radiologically, the tumor frequently demonstrated a characteristic attachment to the septum pellicidum and confinement to the lateral and third ventricles. Calcification, which is common in IN and an important diagnostic feature, was seen to best advantage on computed tomographic (CT) scans. The results indicate that IN can be suggested radiologically on the basis of its CT appearance and should be included in the pathologic differential diagnosis of intraventricular tumors.
 ...
PMID:Interventricular neurocytoma: radiologic features and review of the literature. 153 95

This paper reports a clinical review of 13 patients with raised intracranial pressure of obscure cause seen over a six-year period. Patients were young in the 8 to 40 years age range. Female patients accounted for 54 pc. About half of the females had menstrual abnormalities. 15 pc were obese while the rest were normal or underweight. A previous long history of headache was present in patients with focal neurological signs. The main presenting symptoms were headache and reduction in visual acuity. Main signs were papilloedema and reduced visual Acuity. After a short term follow-up period of one to six years, (mean three years), the general outcome was good with recurrence in one patient. Headache and visual symptoms recovered early after treatment. Focal long tract signs recovered rather slowly. Twelve patients are at present free of symptoms. One died from mesenteric vessel thrombosis and was presumed to have pregnancy related sagittal sinus thrombophlebitis.
 ...
PMID:Raised intracranial pressure of obscure cause: prospective clinical review on African Tanzanian patients. 180 49

Seven cases of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis seen at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital over the 10 year period 1979 to 1989 have been reviewed. Diagnosis was confirmed by angiography, CT scan or autopsy. The average age was 33 years (16 to 47 years). Five of the patients were female and 2 male. On CT scan the 'empty delta' sign, present in 4 cases, was the most specific diagnostic feature. The underlying causes included primary thrombocythaemia, homocystinuria, post-angiographic investigation of an arteriovenous malformation, and oral contraceptives. In 2 cases no cause was found. Headache was the commonest and earliest symptom, being followed in frequency by convulsions and hemiparesis. Hemiparesis was the commonest sign observed, followed by papilloedema, cranial nerve palsies and impaired level of consciousness. Five of the patients developed signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure prior to the appearance of focal neurological deficits, mostly likely due to propagation of the thrombosis to cortical veins. There have been no controlled trials of therapy; however it is important to treat raised intracranial pressure rapidly and effectively, and although the role of anticoagulants remains controversial, their early use may be indicated when there is no radiological evidence of haemorrhage.
 ...
PMID:Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. 182 32

A 28-year-old woman developed symptoms of raised intracranial pressure associated with an obstructive hydrocephalus following a spinal anaesthetic administered for a Kiellands rotation forceps delivery. A diagnosis of an unverified pineal body tumour was made after computerised axial tomography scanning and the symptoms were effectively treated by the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. This unusual case demonstrates the importance of careful history taking and neurological examination where symptoms of postspinal headache persist.
 ...
PMID:A 'postspinal headache' associated with incidental intracranial pathology. 159 85

We describe the case of a 59-year-old man who presented with headaches suggestive of raised intracranial pressure. He had a normal computerised tomographic (CT) scan on two occasions over a period of two months during which time he continued to deteriorate. Eventually, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed the presence of bilateral subdural haematomas. This case thus illustrates that normal CT scans may not exclude an intracranial pathology--and, if in doubt, an MRI scan should be sought.
 ...
PMID:Bilateral subdural haematomas and normal CT brain scans. 210 82

Only 6 patients with intracranial hypertension associated with unruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations have been reported. We report 6 additional patients seen at the Cleveland Clinic during the past 10 years. The average age was 28 years (range, 19-44 years); 4 were women. Symptoms and signs included papilledema (6 patients), headache (6), transient nonepileptic focal symptoms (4), visual obscurations (3), ipsilateral carotid or ocular bruits (3), abnormal visual fields (3), focal seizures (2), and progressive visual loss (1). Enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the malformations in all 6 patients. The malformations were large, supplied by the branches of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries, with the posterior cerebral artery contributing in 3 patients, and all drained into the superior sagittal sinus. Associated venous obstruction was seen in 2 patients. Four patients underwent excision of the arteriovenous malformation, with resolution of papilledema in all 4. Measurements of cortical arterial and venous pressures during surgery in 3 patients showed decreased feeding artery pressures and elevated draining vein pressures, which normalized after removal of the malformation. Treatment in the 2 remaining patients consisted of medical therapy (acetazolamide, furosemide, steroids) alone in 1 patient, and in conjunction with proton beam radiation in the other. Papilledema resolved in the former patient, but the patient receiving proton beam radiation still had papilledema 2 years later. Intracranial hypertension associated with unruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations occurs in young patients with high flow malformations that drain into the superior sagittal sinus, and is likely the result of increased cortical venous and superior sagittal sinus pressure. Excision of the malformation effectively reduces the intracranial pressure.
 ...
PMID:Intracranial hypertension associated with unruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations. 219 10


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>