Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An adolescent girl with chronic myelogenous leukemia was treated with hypnosis for several disease- and treatment-related problems during the last 4 months of her life. Data were collected before and after hypnosis on the nature and intensity of the patient's acute pain and anxiety during bone marrow aspirations, chronic headache and backache, nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, anorexia, and the discomfort associated with spiking temperatures. Comparisons of baseline and posthypnosis reports suggest that hypnosis was successfully used for acute and chronic pain, anxiety, unpleasant body sensations and, possibly, nausea and vomiting. The hypnotic techniques used, the limitations of hypnosis and clinical issues in this case are presented and discussed.
 ...
PMID:Use of hypnosis for multiple symptoms in an adolescent girl with leukemia. 645 20

Chronic headache is often a crippling condition for those afflicted by it. The case of a headache sufferer is presented here against a framework that reviews the literature on the psychological, social, and familial issues related to the problem of chronic pain. The intent is to offer practitioners guidelines and a context within which clients with chronic headache can be understood and helped.
 ...
PMID:Psychosocial assessment of chronic headache. 651 Aug 31

This article is based on an experiment that examined features distinguishing chronic from acute pain syndromes, and their influence on nurses' estimates of patient suffering, pain relief actions, and attitudes toward patients. Two hundred sixty-eight nurses received one-paragraph descriptions of patients complaining of severe pain. Descriptions varied on the dimensions of duration (acute vs. chronic), signs of physical pathology (positive vs. negative), signs of depression (positive vs. negative), and diagnostic category (low back vs. headache vs. joint pain). Subjects estimated the intensity of the hypothetical patient's suffering, indicated priorities for specific pain relief actions, and rated the patient on a series of trait dimensions. Subjects attributed less intense pain when the patient had no signs of pathology and when duration was long-termed and chronic. They also assigned lower priorities to medication-related nursing actions when signs of pathology were negative. Finally, more negative personality and behavioral traits were attributed to the patient when signs of pathology were negative. The results reflect a dichotomous, organic versus psychogenic model of pain on the part of health care staff. Since the data indicate the chronic pain sufferer is negatively stereotyped by staff, a need exists to develop and disseminate more integrative models of the pain experience.
 ...
PMID:Duration of pain condition and physical pathology as determinants of nurses' assessments of patients in pain. 656 Apr 18

Psychotropic substances combined with simple analgesics are a common pharmacologic denominator in the dependency complex. More than 95 percent of patients studied took preparations containing barbiturates; the remaining few subjects used analgesics combined with caffeine. Dependence on compound analgesic preparations usually develops in patients with headaches--migraine, tension headaches, and other complex forms--since ergotamine-containing preparations are generally effective only at the onset of an attack, and prophylactic administration is, therefore, common. Once dependence has developed, reduction or discontinuation of the medication is typically followed after one or two days by an increase in the intensity of the pain. This may cause the patient to revert to these preparations in an attempt to reduce pain and may lead to an unfortunate vicious cycle. Therefore, cessation of psychotropic analgesic combinations is essential in the treatment of chronic pain.
 ...
PMID:Effects and risks of psychotropic and analgesic combinations. 665 May 31

The practice of mindfulness meditation was used in a 10-week Stress Reduction and Relaxation Program to train chronic pain patients in self-regulation. The meditation facilitates an attentional stance towards proprioception known as detached observation. This appears to cause an "uncoupling " of the sensory dimension of the pain experience from the affective/evaluative alarm reaction and reduce the experience of suffering via cognitive reappraisal. Data are presented on 51 chronic pain patients who had not improved with traditional medical care. The dominant pain categories were low back, neck and shoulder, and headache. Facial pain, angina pectoris, noncoronary chest pain, and GI pain were also represented. At 10 weeks, 65% of the patients showed a reduction of greater than or equal to 33% in the mean total Pain Rating Index (Melzack) and 50% showed a reduction of greater than or equal to 50%. Similar decreases were recorded on other pain indices and in the number of medical symptoms reported. Large and significant reductions in mood disturbance and psychiatric symptomatology accompanied these changes and were relatively stable on follow-up. These improvements were independent of the pain category. We conclude that this form of meditation can be used as the basis for an effective behavioral program in self-regulation for chronic pain patients. Key features of the program structure, and the limitations of the present uncontrolled study are discussed.
 ...
PMID:An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. 704 57

A 32-year-old woman was bedridden for a year because of chronic pain and headaches. She had insomnia, depression, suicidal thoughts and a severe chemical allergy. She had been on steroid therapy for two years and became Cushingoid with striae in the arm pits, groins and abdomen. However, she had no hypertension, nor the buffalo fat and hirsutism. She was very edematous, with a weight gain from 112 to 180 lbs. The fluid retention did not conform to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Studies revealed abnormal scalp EEG discharges and high-voltage seizure discharges in the posterior thalamus. Electrothalamic stimulation suppressed the thalamic discharges and relieved the patient's pelvic pain and headaches. After one month of several thalamic stimulations per day, she was able to get out of bed and ambulate. In addition, the patient no longer was edematous and was tolerating perfumes and floor detergents. Steroids were progressively reduced without complications of withdrawal. She went from a completely steroid dependent state to independent during the first 1-1/2 yrs of thalamic stimulation. With continued thalamic stimulation she has done well for 8-1/2 yrs, weighs 112 lbs, keeps house and drives a car. It's speculated the illness is a chronic pain multiple syndrome predominantly due to mesothalamic discharges and body infirmities. The mesothalamic discharge implicated neural networks, which represent biologic systems, i.e. pain, sleep, fluid retention, etc. Therapeutic stimulation attenuates the discharges and the neural networks return to their normal set points of homeostasis.
 ...
PMID:Mesothalamic discharge in a chronic pain, allergy and fluid retention syndrome (case report). 766 2

Flupirtine is a novel non-opiate centrally acting analgesic agent with muscle relaxant properties, advocated for use in a number of pain states. Preliminary evidence suggests that flupirtine 100 to 200mg orally or 150mg rectally 3 to 4 times daily (maximum daily dose 600mg) is more effective than placebo in relieving moderate acute pain of various types. For the relief of pain due to surgery, traumatic injury, dental procedures, headache/migraine and abdominal spasms, flupirtine has proved at least as effective as the opiate analgesics codeine, dihydrocodeine and pentazocine, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents suprofen, diclofenac and ketoprofen, as well as dipyrone and paracetamol (acetaminophen). Although evidence to support a role in the treatment of chronic pain is limited, flupirtine has been found as effective as pentazocine in short term trials of patients with muscular or neuralgiform pain, dysmenorrhoea, soft tissue rheumatism or cancer pain. The safety profile of flupirtine has not yet been fully established, although initial evidence suggests that adverse reactions, while frequent, are usually minor in nature. The most common reactions are drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth and various gastrointestinal complaints. In comparison with opiate drugs, flupirtine appears to produce fewer central nervous system effects, no respiratory or cardiovascular depression, and no overt tolerance or physical dependence on prolonged administration. If these initially favourable results are confirmed in larger long term trials, then flupirtine would appear to represent an effective analgesic for the relief of moderate pain, particularly that of musculoskeletal origin.
 ...
PMID:Flupirtine. A review of its pharmacological properties, and therapeutic efficacy in pain states. 768 75

Magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed in six patients with chronic head and neck pain and in five control subjects to determine whether irreversible atrophic changes resulting in destruction of muscle fibers have a role in patients with chronic pain specific to the cervical spine. Both groups of subjects had medical history obtained and underwent physical examination and proton density-weighted (PD-weighted) magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects with chronic pain had substantial restriction of motion. Axial proton density-weighted images of the rectus capitis major and minor muscles were examined. In the subjects with chronic pain, the muscles had high signal intensity, indicating replacement of dead suboccipital skeletal muscle with fatty tissue. This infiltration was not observed in the control subjects who were free of significant motion restrictions and had no history of recurring neck and head pain. Analysis of pixel intensity values confirmed this finding. The reduction in proprioceptive afferent activity in affected muscles may cause increased facilitation of neural activity that is perceived as pain. At least mean squares algorithm was used to define a linear estimating equation for each subject. Linear regression analysis, using an alpha level < .005, was used to determine how well each subject's data fit the estimating equation. This preliminary work indicates substantial infiltration of fatty tissue into suboccipital muscles of some subjects being treated for chronic head and neck pain.
 ...
PMID:Atrophy of suboccipital muscles in patients with chronic pain: a pilot study. 785 2

Musculoskeletal pain is exceedingly common in young adults. With the aim of studying these symptoms in schoolchildren, a questionnaire survey was carried out among children 8, 11, 13 and 17 years old. The prevalence of back pain and headaches in 1,245 schoolchildren was studied. Twenty-nine per cent of the students reported back pain and 48% headache. In all age groups studied, both back pain and headaches were more common among girls than boys. Girls also reported more frequent symptoms than boys. In a longitudinal study 471 schoolchildren were asked a second time 2 years later. Nine per cent reported back pain and 30% headache in both surveys. Five per cent reported both back pain and headache on both occasions. Despite the reported symptoms most of the pupils did not report health problems. However, pupils with reported pain on both occasions may constitute a risk group for future chronic pain. There were statistically significant relationships between social, psychological and emotional factors and reported symptoms. No relationship between physical factors and reported symptoms were noted. The observed relationships are not proof of causal relations but did indicate areas of problems which make interventions targeting pupils at risk an appropriate measure.
 ...
PMID:The incidence of back pain and headache among Swedish school children. 786 67

Recent data indicate that 25 to 30% of the population in industrialized countries suffers from benign chronic pain. Among these patients, 50 to 75% are professionally incapable for varied lengths of time, from a few days to some weeks or months, or even definitively. The aetiology and clinical presentation of chronic benign pain are enormously varied because this definition includes such different pathologies as headache, pain of rheumatologic, postsurgical, organic, and post-zoster origin, lombalgia, radiculalgia, post-amputation pain, neuropathologic pain, causalgia, algoneurodystrophic pain, psychosomatic and idiopathic pain. Since these syndromes and causes of pain could not be discussed individually, they have been grouped according to their neurophysiology and pathophysiology.
 ...
PMID:[Benign chronic pain]. 793 80


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>