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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Headaches in children are virtually never the result of eye problems. If a child needs glasses, young age is almost never a contraindication to their use. Any child in whom strabismus is recognized or suspected should be referred to an ophthalmologist. The strabismus may be a presenting sign of a serious disease. Even if it is not, spontaneous cure almost never occurs. Furthermore, the younger the child, the easier and more successful will be the treatment of both the strabismus and the amblyopia that often accompanies it. Dyslexia is not the result of abnormalities of the eyes and is unaffected by eye exercises. There are no significant ocular hazards in the use of standard mydriatic (dilating) eye drops in children.
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PMID:Pediatric ophthalmic mythology. 109 67

The authors observed 6 cases of brain pseudotumours in children aged from 3 to 15 years. All patients had been referred with the diagnosis of brain tumour, with headaches, eye fundus changes fundus changes. Some children had nystagmus, squint, vomiting and dizziness. One child had pharyngitis, two had sinusitis. Contrast brain examinations gave normal results. Diet with salt and fluid restriction and oedema-reducing drugs (glycerol, mannitol, decadron) were used. In all patients the neurological and ophthalmological signs regressed within 3 to 12 weeks.
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PMID:[Pseudotumor cerebri in children]. 145 58

This review focuses on the features of pseudotumor cerebri in the pediatric age group. There is no sex predilection in children, and obesity does not appear to be an important factor. Infants and young children may present with irritability, apathy, or somnolence, rather than headache. Dizziness and ataxia may also occur. Papilledema is infrequently noted in pediatric patients if the fontanelles are open or the sutures are split. Pre-adolescents appear more likely than adults or adolescents to have manifestations of their pseudotumor cerebri other than headache and papilledema, including lateral rectus pareses, vertical strabismus, facial paresis, back and neck pain. Among the etiologies that are particularly pertinent to children are tetracycline therapy, malnutrition or renutrition, and the correction of hypothyroidism. Children with pseudotumor cerebri are at risk for visual loss and their visual function must be closely monitored. Surgical intervention is imperative when vision is threatened.
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PMID:Pediatric pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension). 147 50

A 36 years-old man was admitted in September 1987. For 5 years he suffered from 4 recurrent episodes of throbbing headache, tinnitus, nausea, diplopia and divergent strabismus to which a facial palsy was recently added. In all episodes, the symptoms disappeared spontaneously and completely. A neuro-ophthalmological examination at admission disclosed an exotropia of the right eye, gaze paralysis to the left, paralysis of adduction of the left eye and preserved right eye abduction which triggered a rhythmic horizontal nystagmus. The upward and downward gazes and the convergence were well preserved. Moreover, there was a left peripheral facial palsy, and Babinski sign at the right side. Auditory evoked potentials were slowed at the mesencephalopontine transition. CT scan showed a low-density area with no contrast enhancement at the left pontine tegmentum and a left anterolateral atrophy of the pons. CSF examination showed increase in protein content and increase in the IgG content. Additional investigation included a dopplerometry of the cervical arteries, a panangiography and a bidimensional echocardiography which were normal. Diagnosis of one-and-a-half syndrome was made, possibly secondary to multiple sclerosis, and immunossuppressive therapy was initiated.
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PMID:[One-and-a-half syndrome: anatomo-clinical considerations apropos of a case]. 261 17

Fourteen patients with ventricular cerebrospinal fluid shunts in place for chronic hydrocephalus presented with a history and neurological deficits usually associated with high intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by an obstructed shunt system. However, the symptoms were characteristically present when the patient was upright and active, and were usually relieved by lying down. The symptoms of intermittent headache, nausea, emesis, lethargy, and diplopia were associated with paresis of upward gaze or minimal strabismus. Measurement of ICP showed unexpected dramatically low levels with a marked drop in pressure when the patient was in the upright position, whereas ICP was near normal when the patient was supine. The low ICP was corrected by insertion of a high-pressure Flo-Control valve into the shunt system already in place. Postoperatively, the immediate clinical improvement and more normal ICP measurements were striking. The important clinical finding in this group of patients was the presence of disabling symptoms which occurred when the patients were up and active and which were relieved by lying down. Measurements of ICP with the patient in the supine and then in the upright position were critical in establishing an accurate diagnosis of symptomatic low ICP in these hydrocephalic patients with indwelling shunts. With the patient in the Trendelenburg position, ICP showed a marked increase, as expected; in some patients this position was prescribed as treatment for several days before surgery.
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PMID:Symptomatic low intracranial pressure in shunted hydrocephalus. 334 12

The present study is the fourth of a major epidemiologic health investigation on work with a video display terminal (VDT). The other studies showed that VDT operators replying to questionnaires have more eye discomfort than a reference group of office employees not employed in VDT work and that women have more eye discomfort, musculoskeletal complaints, headache, and skin disorders than men. Routine ophthalmologic examinations failed to establish any appreciable differences between the groups; for example, the prevalence of myopia was the same. In the present study, the VDT operators and referents were examined before and at the end of work sessions for changes in refraction, accommodation, convergence capacity, and binocular vision such as heterophoria and fusion range. No differences could be established between the VDT operators and the referents.
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PMID:Work with video display terminals among office employees. IV. Refraction, accommodation, convergence and binocular vision. 409 26

We experienced two cases of "Osteosclerosis" who were 12 and 15 year old sisters. Previous reported cases of this disease are 50 cases and among them only one patient was reported in Japan. Osteosclerosis seems to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Parental consanguinity is also observed. The peculiar facies are evident in infancy, characterized by broad, flat nasal bridge, ocular hypertelorism and prognathic, broadened mandible. Commonly, they have cutaneous syndactylies in bilateral hands and feet, especially between the second and third finger and toe. Roentgenographically, hyperostosis with osteosclerosis can be observed in systemic bones, particularly the calvarium is greatly thickened. Since such a bony change occurs most severely at the base of the skull, important clinical symptoms of this disease are cranial nerve palsies resulting from obliterations of unilateral or bilateral several cranial nerve foramina. In many cases deafness due to progressive encroachment upon the middle ear cavities and auditory nerve canals appears early in infancy. Transient palsy of the facial nerve occurs somewhat later, and bilateral facial paralyses are usually permanent in adulthood. In some cases optic atrophy and visual field defect due to compression of the optic nerves are late complications. Other ocular symptoms are strabismus, nystagmus and exophthalmos. Anosmia and trigeminal nerve palsy are less common. Lower cranial nerve symptoms can not be noted but the reason is unclear. Chronic headache, convulsion and mental retardation are occasionally present. They are considered as a result from increased intracranial pressure due to progressive diminution of the cranial capacity. By same mechanism, several patients have died suddenly from impaction of the medulla oblongata in the foramen magnum in early adulthood. Then, some reporter puts emphasis on prophylactic opening of the foramen magnum in all adult cases.
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PMID:[Sibling case of osteosclerosis with cranial nerve symptoms]. 629 11

Brain tumors are, after leukemias, the most frequent fatal neoplasms of infancy. The clinical features and symptoms are often markedly different from those observed in the adult forms, according to the peculiar anatomy and behaviour of the child. Persistent headache, vomiting, astenia , behavioral alterations may be the precocious findings. Later, some more specific and suggestive signs such as strabismus, dyplopia , fast head size increase, funduscopic alterations, ataxia, paresis and nystagmus may be observed. On their appearance a prompt diagnostic work-up should be performed. The tumors of the posterior fossa (cerebellar astrocytoma and medulloblastoma, brainstem glyoma , hependimoma in decreasing order of frequency) generally cause precocious symptoms because of the small dimension of the subtentorial space; the presence in this region of several fundamental nuclei and pathways may explain how also small tumors may cause severe deficits. Supratentorial tumors (astrocytoma, malignant glyoma , hependimoma , craniofaringioma ) often show a more prolonged latency and may begin with signs of endocranial hypertension, seizures, or sometimes with hormonal troubles according to the involved anatomic structures. Hypothalamic astrocytoma is responsible of an extreme weight loss as far as to a cachetic status, due to the hyperincretion of GH. Finally, plexus papilloma, dermoid, optic nerve glyoma , oligodendroglyoma , germinoma, teratoma are responsible of a small number of child brain tumors, with different localization and symptomatology.
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PMID:[Clinical course of brain tumors in childhood]. 673 95

A case of benign episodic bilateral juvenile internal ophthalmoplegia in a nine-year-old female is presented. Two separate episodes of sudden onset of bilateral mydriasis and accommodative loss accompanied by headache occurred, without any other physical, neuroophthalmic, or third nerve involvement. Complete resolution occurred over a period of months in both episodes. The differential diagnosis of isolated internal ophthalmoplegia is reviewed, and the episodic unilateral mydriasis syndrome of Hallett and Cogan appears to be similar to the bilateral involvement in the case presented.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Benign episodic bilateral juvenile internal ophthalmoplegia. 686 14

On the basis of clinical analysis and pathological findings in 25 patients dying after occlusion of the basilar artery the authors describe the main signs and course of the disease. Their observations made possible isolation of two types of the disease: 1) acute, with sudden consciousness disturbances leading to gradually increasing coma with flaccid extremities or decerebrate rigidity, stiff pupils not reacting to light and, frequently, with divergent squint, 2) subacute--with headache and hemiparaesthesiae and later quadriparesis and paresis of cranial nerves III to VII or IX, X, XII. A characteristic clinical feature is variability of neurological signs in the disease. The most frequent cause of basilar artery occlusion were atherosclerotic changes.
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PMID:[Basilar artery thrombosis. Clinical and morphological aspects]. 715 85


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