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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fibrositis is a disorder of musculoskeletal pain and aching with at least a five to one female-to-male ratio. It is most commonly seen between the ages of 40 and 60, and has a prevalence in the clinic of 6 to 15 percent. Its most common mode of presentation involves generalized musculoskeletal pain and aching, but articular pain, axial skeletal pain, myalgias, and neurovascular complaints sometimes predominate. All patients have multiple areas of local tenderness called "tender points" that are easily identified during physical examination, and are diagnostic. Essential symptoms of fibrositis are disturbed sleep, morning stiffness, and fatigue. Additional rheumatic symptoms include subjective swelling, paresthesias, and numbness. Headaches and irritable bowel syndrome are common nonrheumatic complaints. Modest improvement follows treatment by tricyclic agents such as low-dose cyclobenzaprine and amitriptyline, by physical measures, and by reduction in stress. Remission occurs in 20 percent of patients, but is generally short-lived.
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PMID:The clinical syndrome of fibrositis. 346 12

A study was carried out to compare the clinical features of 102 subjects suffering from burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and 43 age- and sex-matched control subjects. In comparison with those in the control group, the BMS subjects reported a significantly higher prevalence of dry mouth, thirst, taste and sleep disturbances, headaches, nonspecific health problems, pain complaints, and severe menopausal symptoms, but no significant differences in other oral or dental features or in the prevalence of candidiasis infection. In addition, there was no hematologic evidence of a nutritional disturbance in more than 90% of the BMS subjects tested, but immunologic abnormalities and an elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were found in more than 58% and 63% of the BMS subjects, respectively. These findings demonstrate those features which distinguish BMS subjects from age- and sex-matched control subjects but provide no confirmatory evidence for many of the etiologic factors frequently suggested for BMS.
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PMID:Clinical features of burning mouth syndrome. 346 64

The incidence of neurobehavioral sequelae in children who have sustained minor head injury is controversial. Following an emergency room visit, behavioral symptoms in 247 children with mild head injuries were compared to those in 280 children with trauma to other regions of the body. Serial telephone interviews showed that complaints of irritability, clinging behavior and sleep disturbances were common in both groups, though headaches were a more frequent problem in the head-trauma patients. Virtually all symptoms were transient. Our results demonstrate a high incidence of behavioral sequelae in children after minor head injury and suggest that physicians should counsel parents about this brief functional morbidity.
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PMID:Neurobehavioral sequelae of minor head injuries in children. 350 92

This was an open-label study in 19 children aged 9-13 years, weighing 27-44 kg, with bronchial asthma. Twenty-four-hour steady-state concentrations of theophylline and its metabolites 1,3-dimethyl uric acid, 3-methyl xanthine and 1-methyl uric acid were assessed after daily dosing of 600 mg (ca 18 mg/kg/day) of the sustained-release theophylline micro-pellet sprinkle system BY158K, for 4 days. The dosing regimen used was an unequal twice-daily dose of 200 mg in the morning after breakfast and 400 mg in the evening after dinner. Twenty-four-hour peak expiratory flow (PEF) profiles were compared before treatment and at steady-state, along with lung function parameters after bronchial provocation. Mean values +/- SD (n = 16) of the steady-state characteristics were Cmin 6.8 +/- 2.1 mg/l, Cmax 14.5 +/- 4.8 mg/l and Cav 10.5 +/- 2.9 mg/l, the plateau time was 11.7 +/- 4.8 hr and peak-trough fluctuation and swing were 72 +/- 21 and 118 +/- 52%, respectively. There was an excellent reproducibility of theophylline pre-dose levels at corresponding time points of the 24-hr sampling period [r = 0.864 (p less than 0.001)]. Mean values +/- SD of the 24 hr average serum metabolite levels were 0.9 +/- 0.2 mg/1 for 1,3-dimethyl uric acid, 0.6 +/- 0.1 mg/1 for 3-methyl xanthine and 0.4 +/- 0.1 mg/1 for l-methyl uric acid. Lung function (n = 17) following bronchial provocation, improved in 10 children after theophylline treatment of 4 days, remained stable in 2 patients and deteriorated in 5 patients. Serum theophylline profiles and PEF profiles ran largely in parallel over the 24-hr period. Six children exhibited typical theophylline induced side-effects, headache (n = 3), nausea (n = 4), dizziness (n = 1), vomiting (n = 4), sleep disturbances (n = 1), pallor (n = 1) and tremor (n = 1), necessitating in 3 children one dose omission/reduction (n = 2) or subsequent dose reduction (n = 1). It has been shown that a twice daily dosing regimen with unequal doses of anhydrous theophylline (BY158K) is well suited to this population of fast metabolisers. The patients were well protected throughout the day, including the critical early morning hours.
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PMID:Steady state pharmacokinetics, metabolism and pharmacodynamics of theophylline in children after unequal twice-daily dosing of a new sustained-release formulation. 367 17

Sleep disturbances being considered as a risk factor for headache and the enuretic episode being defined, preliminary data are reported on a clinical epidemiological survey into the greater risk that headache enuresis represents for women despite the fact that the phenomenon is more common among men. Finally it is hypothesised that there is only one qualitative and/or quantitative pathogenetic mechanism that may be transmitter type, or in the light of recent studies, receptorial.
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PMID:[Enuresis: clinico-epidemiologic study. Preliminary communication: its relation to essential headache]. 373 78

We report the results of a double-blind control crossover trial of slow release theophylline Nuelin S.A. in improving symptoms of 'morning-dipping' in twelve asthmatic patients. Sleep disturbance was lessened and 'morning-dipping', though not abolished, was improved by 24% (P less than 0.01). Mean peak expiratory flow-rate (PEFR) on waking was significantly higher on active drug (262 l/min vs 226 l/min, P less than 0.001) as were the evening PEFRs (316 l/min vs 285 l/min, P less than 0.05). Seven of the 12 patients achieved 26% improvement in mean PEFR (P less than 0.05) with plasma theophylline levels in the range 28-44 mumol/l. The other five patients improved by 9% (P less than 0.02) with levels in the range 55-66 mumol/l. Mean plasma cyclic AMP 4-6 h after theophylline was significantly higher than with placebo (27.0 nmol/l vs 17.6 nmol/l, P less than 0.05) but significant correlations between cyclic AMP and theophylline levels, and cyclic AMP and PEFR were not demonstrated. A total of nine patients, 33% of those originally recruited for this study, withdrew prior to the double-blind phase because of unacceptable side-effects of theophylline, namely nausea and headache.
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PMID:Twice daily slow-release theophylline vs placebo for 'morning-dipping' in asthma. 632 35

The effect of the nootropic drug, piridoxilate on normal and on exogenously (by traffic noise) disturbed sleep and awakening quality was investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. 10 elderly subjects with a mean age of 62 years spent 13 nights in the sleep laboratory: 2 adaptation nights, 1 baseline night, 3 drug nights (placebo, 300 and 600 mg piridoxilate), as well as 2 drug nights with nocturnal traffic noise (placebo and 600 mg piridoxilate) and the subsequent wash-out nights. Polysomnographic recordings (including EEG, EMG and EOG) were carried out between 10:30 p.m. and 6.00 a.m. Traffic noise was pre-recorded at a busy Viennese street and presented continuously by a loudspeaker with a sound pressure level at the ear of between 68 and 83 dB (A) [mean 75.6 dB (A)]. In the morning the subjects completed a sleep questionnaire for the subjective evaluation of their quality of sleep and awakening. Thereafter objective awakening quality was measured by a psychometric test battery. Piridoxilate did not induce any significant changes in objective and subjective sleep variables. Nocturnal traffic noise produced a decrease in total sleep time and sleep efficiency, an increase in wakefulness and drowsiness (stage 1), as well as a decrease in REM and deep sleep stages, the last-mentioned being of statistical significance. Subjectively, the elderly subjects reported a deterioration in sleep quality due to traffic noise, an increase in middle and late insomnia, as well as a deterioration in awakening quality (dizziness, tiredness, headaches). Piridoxilate did not ameliorate these sleep disturbances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effect of nootropic drugs on normal and disturbed sleep of the elderly: controlled studies with pyridoxilate and street noise]. 639 69

A questionnaire investigation, comprising 1091 patients, was conducted at a hearing centre. A majority of patients, 59%, claimed that they were troubled by tinnitus. A strong correlation was found between the laterality of tinnitus and that of subjective hearing loss. Neither a greater degree of hearing loss nor a longer duration of tinnitus was shown to be associated with more severe tinnitus. Among patients with both subjective hearing loss and tinnitus, 23% stated that tinnitus was the greater problem and 38% that their tinnitus and hearing loss were equally troublesome. The corresponding figures for patients with hearing impairment of such a degree that a hearing aid had been fitted were 9% and 41% respectively. Stress symptoms such as headache, tension of facial muscles and sleep disturbances were correlated to tinnitus. Psychosomatic complaints should therefore be taken into account in the treatment of tinnitus. Of patients with tinnitus, 83% were interested in obtaining treatment for their tinnitus. It is postulated that the previously reported predominance of left-sided tinnitus is due to a higher frequency of left-sided hearing impairment. A majority of patients with tinnitus and hearing impairment regarded their tinnitus as the major problem. Efforts towards investigation and treatment of tinnitus might therefore considerably improve the prospects for hearing rehabilitation.
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PMID:Tinnitus--incidence and handicap. 652 48

An apparent epidemic of undiagnosed illness in a rural general practice was investigated. The aims were to describe the illness, the characteristics of the people affected, and to look for possible causes. The patients were questioned about their symptoms, and both patients and controls matched for age and sex, were questioned about possible aetiological factors. Twenty-eight cases were identified; all but three were less than 45 years of age; there were equal numbers of females and males. The most commonly experienced symptoms were tiredness, mood and sleep disturbances, headache, and joint or muscle pains. Results of the case-control study suggested that pollution of the water supply, zoonotic infections, contact with agricultural chemicals, and self-dosing with selenium were unlikely to be causes of this illness. An unidentified virus was regarded as the most likely cause.
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PMID:An unexplained illness in West Otago. 658 18

Over an 18 month period, 19 patients were referred for assessment of excessive daytime sleepiness and/or loud snoring. Respiratory studies during sleep were performed in 14 of these patients with additional features such as disturbed sleep, observed apnoea during sleep, morning headache, mental and personality changes, hypertension and cardiac failure. Nocturnal respiratory studies undertaken for periods of 4-8 hours confirmed a diagnosis of the Sleep Apnoea Syndrome in eight patients. In these patients apnoeas, lasting from 30-144 seconds, occurred frequently during sleep (from 35-291 episodes per patient). In one severely affected patient, tracheostomy abolished all symptoms. The use of conservative therapy such as weight loss, protriptyline or a neck collar, highlighted the inadequacies of current medical treatment. Awareness of the symptom complex and potential complications of the Sleep Apnoea Syndrome is important because the diagnosis may easily be missed if the patient presents with one or two isolated complaints.
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PMID:The importance of suspecting sleep apnoea as a common cause of excessive daytime sleepiness: further experience from the diagnosis and management of 19 patients. 693 67


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