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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Divided into four groups according to different kind and cause of disorder, 240 patients showing psychosomatic disorders have been treated with chlorazepate dipotassium only or in combination with clomipramine and dihydroergotamine tartrate ambulant or in hospital, depending on the degree of severity of the disorder. With 101 clinically treated cases of cyclothymic depression good results were obtained with combined treatment with chlorazepate dipotassium while reducing the dose of the antidepressant. The same result was obtained with 63 patients suffering from severe neurasthenic exhaustion and 13 patients with general neurodystonic symptoms treated with chlorazepate dipotassium only. The combination of the usual dihydroergotamine tartrate medication with a chlorazepate dipotassium treatment over several months showed longlasting good therapeutic results, confirmed by follow-up examinations, in 31 out of 40 cases with migraine respectively vasomotor headache. In the other nine patients with migraine the complaints persisted only in rare instances.
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PMID:[The role of chlorazepate dipotassium (Tranxilium) in the therapy of psychosomatic syndromes (author's transl)]. 5 67

Following a discussion of the main psychodynamic theories concerning the etiology of idiopathic headache, the Authors describe their own research. The data reported suggest the existence of a wide range of psycho-behavioural aspects in the different diagnostic groups and it is therefore misleading to consider these in global terms. A revised method of psycho-genetic interpretation relating to migraine patients is proposed. In the second half of the paper the Authors outline a definitive rather than causal interpretation of psychosomatic disorders.
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PMID:[Tension, depression, pain. Critical considerations and experimental data regarding idiopathic headache]. 180 33

The purpose of this study was to compare the marital and family adjustment of headache patients and their spouses, before pain control treatment, to couples without chronic pain. Minuchin's (1978) family systems theory of psychosomatic illness was tested, using an adult sample. This sample consisted of 117 headache-patient-and-spouse couples and a control group of 108 married couples without chronic pain. A survey design was used with marital and family assessment instruments. Marital and family questionnaires were given to headache patients and their spouses before beginning treatment and were sent to couples without chronic pain. "Headache couples" reported greater differences in consensus, cohesion, affection, and sexual relationships than did control couples. Headache patients reporting greater marital adjustment were more likely to have continuous pain than those reporting less marital adjustment. Headache patients' pain per day correlated positively with greater family cohesion and adaptability. Headache patients' severity of pain correlated positively with greater marital affection. The spouses' marital cohesion, affection, and family cohesion and adaptability correlated positively with increased severity of patients' pain.
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PMID:Chronic headache patients' marital and family adjustment. 202 65

Certain psychic structures which are represented in special configurations of MMPI scale values--the 'neurotic triad' and the 'conversion V'--are said to be typical of chronic pain patients. But considering the problems of reliability and validity of MMPI scales and new theoretical reflections regarding psychosomatic disorders, the diagnostic information given by these scale-based descriptions seems to be low. The present study examines the MMPI patterns of patients suffering from chronic headaches (N = 45) and chronic low back pain (N = 45) in comparison with a control group (N = 33) to obtain more relevant diagnostic information. Both pain groups claim to have strange bodily sensations accompanied by anxiety. Headache patients as well as low back pain patients tend to deny feelings of anger and aggressiveness. In comparison with the control group all pain patients adapt themselves to their immediate social environment to a much higher degree.
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PMID:Psychosomatic aspects of chronic pain: a new way of description based on MMPI item analysis. 294 31

Cultural, psychological, and biochemical explanations for depression in users of oral contraceptives are discussed. The suppression of taboos against sexuality cannot be expected to bring about instant psychological adjustment, as shown by the large numbers of women who are afraid to take the pill or who develop psychosomatic disorders and depression. Incidence of depression as reported in the literature ranges from 5% to 45%. Some authors attribute psychogenic causes for depression associated with the pill, such as temporary castration, instant sexual liberation, or womens' undeniable maternal instinct. Others present evidence for biochemical causes of depression. General explanations for pill-related depression include imbalance of hypothalamic amines and consequently of releasing factor, prolactin-inhibiting factor, decreased brain serotonin due to inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase by progestagens, or diminished brain biogenic amines because of lowered pyridoxal levels. From clinical work with neuroleptic drugs it is known that drugs, stress, or anxiety can disturb the biochemical balance and result in amenorrhea. High progestin levels may be responsible for premenstrual anxiety and headaches.
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PMID:[Oral contraception and induced depressive states]. 444 85

Psychiatric-epidemiological surveys executed from 1963 to 1976 in Iran with the help of the WHO sampled all three principal components (rural, urban, tribal) of the population greater than or equal to 6 years. The surveys employed questionnaires and tests in a first screening phase and individual psychiatric examinations of all suspects in a second. They were based partly on census studies, partly on random samples. Prevalencies per 1,000 for all psychiatric cases were: rural 149, urban 166, tribal 21; for all psychoreactive cases (included in the foregoing) rural 87, urban 98, tribal 12; for all psychosomatic cases (included in the psychoreactive) rural 17, urban 23, tribal 9. All tribal rates were significantly lower. Reactive cases thus accounted for 59% of the total psychiatric morbidity, psychosomatic cases for 14% of it. Significant sex differences were found only in the poorer strata. The distribution of types of psychosomatic disorder differed from what Cremerius has reported for Munich, with more psychosomatic headache and less pulmonary/cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disturbance.
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PMID:Epidemiology of psychosomatic disorders in Iran. 633 65

In a Finnish general practice 120 patients with psychosomatic disorders, manifest as syndromes of tension headache, cardiac neurosis, dizziness or muscular tension, were randomly allocated to treatment over a 4-week period with either flupenthixol (1 to 2 mg per day) or diazepam (5 to 10 mg mg per day). The 4 syndromes and 12 associated symptoms (anxiety, fatigue, depression, pain, asthenia, muscle fatiguability, tension, dyspnoea, restlessness, palpitations, sleep disorders, and vertigo) were rated on a 4-point scale on entry, at 2 weeks and at 4 weeks. Both drugs reduced significantly the average total scores for syndromes and single symptoms after 2-weeks' treatment. Flupenthixol was the more effective in relieving fatigue and vertigo; diazepam in relieving headache, anxiety, tension, restlessness and sleep disturbance. Cardiac neurosis, palpitations and general muscular tension responded poorly to both drugs. After 4 weeks, relief of vertigo, pain and fatigue was more evident in the flupenthixol group, and of anxiety, tension and restlessness in the diazepam group. Side-effects were complained of at some stage by 17 patients in the flupenthixol group (9 of fatigue, 5 of sleep disturbance, 1 of constipation, 1 of extrapyramidal symptoms, and 1 of weight gain) and by 16 patients in the diazepam group (10 of fatigue, 4 of sleep problems and 2 of diarrhoea).
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PMID:Flupenthixol versus diazepam in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders: a double-blind, multi-centre trial in general practice. 637 78

Experimental data indicate that certain unconscious emotions cause modifications of the brain stem neurotransmitters, inducing neurohumoral and vascular changes which underlie the migraine attack in biologically predisposed subjects. The present study investigates, with patient interviews, psychodiagnostic tests (Rorschach, Blacky pictures, Thematic Apperception test, drawings, Wechsler) and parental interviews in 20 pediatric migraine subjects. In 85% of the cases, a condition of repressed anger preceding the attack is seen. In 40% of the subjects, events such as a death in the family, separations, angry quarrels among parents, and scholastic problems, are seen just before onset of the disease. In conclusion, migraine may be considered a psychosomatic disorder, with the phenomenon of pain as a somatic extrinsication of psychological distress.
Cephalalgia 1983 Aug
PMID:Psychological aspects of migraine in childhood. 661 5

All clinicians responsible for diagnosing and treating diseases of the head and neck should be familiar with the possible clinical manifestations of a mineralized stylohyoid or stylomandibular ligament. Many patients with Eagle's syndrome have been misdiagnosed as having neuralgias, TMJ problems, psychosomatic disorders, or other vague, ill-defined diseases of the head and neck. Unfortunately , patients have been treated for these conditions with negative results. Extraction of teeth, especially third molars, has been performed unnecessarily in an attempt to alleviate the symptoms caused by a mineralized stylohyoid or stylomandibular ligament. Patients complaining of vague facial pain (especially when swallowing, turning the head or opening the mouth), dysphagia, otalgia, and headache with dizziness and with radiographic evidence of mineralization in the stylohyoid-stylomandibular ligament complex may have Eagle's syndrome. If digital palpation of the tonsillar fossa on the affected side causes the typical pain that the patient has been experiencing and if the mineralized abnormality can be felt in the fossa, the patient is considered to have the syndrome, and surgical resection of the abnormality should be considered.
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PMID:Eagle's syndrome diagnosed after history of headache, dysphagia, otalgia, and limited neck movement. 695 Sep 78

A random group of 37 patients with chronic recurrent urticaria, 26 female and 11 male, was subjected to multidimensional personality tests (Freiburg personality inventory, FPI, Freiburg aggression test, FAF) whereas, deviating from establishing standards, introversion, nervousness, psychosomatic disturbance were more pronounced in the urticaria group, the following traits in deviation from normal standards were not noted: depression, irritability, sociability, emotional instability, composure. Nevertheless, this group appeared to be less communicative, more inhibited, compliant, and less dominant and aggressive. Neither did they show signs of socially accepted expression of negative and annoyed emotions nor socially desirable signs of assertiveness. A high rate of coincidence with other psychosomatic disorders such as frequent headache (18/37), chronic gastritis (19 of 37) and ulcus duodeni (5 of 37) and migraineous headache (6 of 37) was also found in this group. In all cases explorable latent conflictive situations (frequent ambivalence) and negative childhood experience are further indicative of psychosomatic diseases.
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PMID:[Is chronic recurrent urticaria a psychosomatic disease?]. 722 81


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