Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that duration of illness is correlated with neurotic personality traits. Four hundred and eighteen patients with migraine, tension, and mixed headaches were studied. The MMPI was used to evaluate the patients' personality characteristics. Scales employed were: scale 1--hypochondriasis, scale 2--depression, scale 3--hysteria, and scale 7--psychasthenia. The MMPI scale scores were analysed with regard to sex, diagnosis, and duration of illness. Patients with mixed headaches showed significantly more elevated scores on the MMPI scales than those suffering from migraine and tension headaches. No correlation was found between any of the MMPI scale scores and the duration of illness. No interaction was found between duration of illness and the diagnostic categories of headache in determining the MMPI neurotic scale scores. It is hypothesized that the higher MMPI scores found in patients with mixed headache is characteristic of these patients.
Cephalalgia 1989 Sep
PMID:Neurotic traits and disease duration in headache patients. 279 Sep 47

Seventy-one patients with sudden, severe, and unusual headache, but with normal computerised tomographic scan and cerebrospinal fluid, were followed for an average of 3.3 years. Twelve patients (17%) had identical recurrences, but again without evidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage. Findings on cerebral angiography, performed in four patients after the first attack and in two patients after recurrent episodes, were normal. Thirty-one (44%) of the seventy-one patients subsequently had regular episodes of tension headache or common migraine. If the computerised tomographic scan and cerebrospinal fluid findings are normal, this type of headache can be regarded as a benign symptom, and cerebral angiography is not indicated.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of 71 patients with thunderclap headache mimicking subarachnoid haemorrhage. 289 98

Headache characteristics are described in 139 patients with chronic daily or almost daily headaches due to regular intake of analgesics and the short- and long-term results of drug withdrawal. Drug-induced headache was described as dull, diffuse, and band-like, and usually started in the early morning. The mean duration of the original headache (migraine or tension headache) was 25 years; regular intake of drugs and chronic daily headache had started 10 and 6 years prior to withdrawal therapy, respectively. Patients took an average of 34.6 tablets or analgesic suppositories or antimigraine drugs per week containing 5.8 different substances. The drugs most often used were caffeine (95%), ergotalkaloids (89%), barbiturates (64%), and spasmolytics, paracetamol, and pyrazolone derivates (45%-46%). A total of 103 patients (68 migraine, 35 tension or combination headache) were available for interviews at a mean time interval of 2.9 years after an inpatient drug withdrawal programme. Chronic headache had disappeared or was reduced by more than 50% in two-thirds of the patients. Positive predictors for successful treatment were migraine as primary headache, chronic headache lasting less than 10 years, and regular intake of ergotamine. Drug intake was significantly reduced and patients used single substances more often. Patients who originally suffered from migraine, superimposed on the daily headache, also experienced a significant improvement in the frequency of the migraines and their intensity. Migraine prophylaxis through beta-blocking agents and calcium channel antagonists was more efficient after drug-withdrawal therapy.
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PMID:Analgesic-induced chronic headache: long-term results of withdrawal therapy. 291 33

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, intravenous prochlorperazine edisylate (Compazine Edisylate) was compared with a placebo in the treatment of severe headaches. Eighty-two adult patients with vascular or tension-type headaches were identified at the time of presentation to one of three participating emergency departments. After the patient gave informed consent, a 2-mL intravenous injection of sterile saline solution or prochlorperazine edisylate (10 mg) was given to each patient at the time of randomization. The treatment groups were similar with regard to age, sex, and type and duration of headache. Within 60 minutes after injection, 74% (31/42) of those who received prochlorperazine had complete relief; 14% (6/42) of the patients had partial relief. Overall, there was complete or partial relief of pain in 88% (37/42) of the drug group and in 45% (18/40) of the placebo group. This difference was statistically significant using chi 2 analysis. Adverse effects were minimal; one patient experienced asymptomatic orthostatic hypotension. These results suggest that intravenous prochlorperazine is an effective treatment for patients with severe vascular or tension headaches who present to the emergency department.
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PMID:Randomized double-blind trial of intravenous prochlorperazine for the treatment of acute headache. 291 41

Tension headache (TH) is an ill-defined headache syndrome, characterized by bilateral, daily headaches with fronto-occipital localisation. TH is often accompanied by a migraine and an abuse of analgesics and/or ergotamine. In the etiology of TH vascular, muscular and psychogenic factors are assumed. Floating transitions to common migraine are discussed. The increased muscle tension is not specific for TH, but more probably a consequence of TH. In addition a decrease of the pain threshold with a deficiency of the antinociceptive system is supposed. The efficacy of tricyclic antidepressives in TH is based on potentiation of serotonergic and noradrenergic mechanisms and - besides their analgetic potencies - upon an increase of the pain threshold. TH prophylaxis is indicated if patients suffer from TH more than ten times per month. Medication are tricyclic antidepressives of the amitriptyline-type. Prophylaxis of TH can only be successful if a simultaneous abuse of analgesics and/or ergotamine is discontinued. In addition, EMG-biofeedback, as well as relaxation - and vasoconstriction training might be helpful in specific cases.
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PMID:[Tension headache--a review]. 306 80

We evaluated the effects of an 8-week progressive muscle-relaxation therapy regimen on the headache activity of 10 elderly tension-headache subjects. Posttreatment assessment at 3 months revealed significant decreases in overall headache activity (50% or greater) in 7 subjects. Significant clinical or statistical prepost differences, or both, were also found for the number of headache-free days, peak headache activity, and medication index. This is the first prospective study of tension headache in an elderly population, and, unlike previous retrospective studies, it suggests that relaxation therapy may be an effective intervention in the treatment of such headaches.
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PMID:Relaxation therapy for tension headache in the elderly: a prospective study. 307 19

In 1982, Geschwind and Behan reported an association between migraine headache and left-handedness. The present study was an attempt to test this hypothesis by comparing the frequency of left-handedness in migraine and tension headache patients at a headache center. Cluster headache cases were also included because Geschwind and Behan suspected that the association might be even stronger in this disorder. A special scoring method for handedness was devised by Geschwind and Behan to help identify a possible higher risk in mixed-handedness subjects. No significant associations emerged in any of these tests. A modest association of cluster headache and left-handedness disappeared when adjustment was made for the strong predilection of cluster headache for the male sex.
Cephalalgia 1988 Dec
PMID:Migraine and left-handedness: is there a connection? 321 25

A total of 19 males with chronic idiopathic headache referred to in the literature as tension headache were examined. A secondary nature of headache was completely ruled out by additional studies. The activity of platelet monoamine oxidase was depressed to 14.33 +/- 1.17 n mol/mg of protein/h as compared with 28.1 +/- 2.38 n mol/mg of protein/h in the control group. The role of diminished activity of the enzyme in the genesis of headaches is considered.
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PMID:[Correlation of chronic idiopathic headache and decreased monoamine/oxidase activity of thrombocytes]. 323 49

General concepts and specific factors to be used in the selection of patients for clinical drug trials in migraine are discussed. The definition of common migraine has been unsatisfactory and new diagnostic operational criteria are recommended. Patients with headaches that are a mixture of tension headache and migraine, and migraineurs who have interval headaches which are not clearly differentiated from migraine should be excluded. The headaches should be of moderate to severe degree, in the range of 2-6 per month, and should last from 3 h to 3 days. It would be best for migraine to have been present for at least 1 year, with 3 months retrospective and 2 months prospective observation prior to drug trial. The age of onset of migraine should be below 50, and the age of entry into the study less than 60. Migraineurs in good health, of either sex, are to be included in the study. Occasional use of minor tranquilizers and sedatives as well as of contraceptive drugs is acceptable, but patients who abuse drugs, who are allergic to compounds related to the trial drug and who require major psychotropic medication should be excluded. Also excluded are those whose compliance with the drug trial is doubtful for intellectual or, more often, psychological reasons.
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PMID:Selection of patients for clinical drug trials in migraine. 331 96

The aim of this study was to display the result obtained by the contingent negative variation (CNV) recording in patients suffering from headache. Eighty-five patients were taken into account: 59 with migraines (M) and 26 with tension headache (TH). A typical CNV pattern (high CNV amplitude with no habituation) differentiated M from TH. Moreover, psychological data were collected through Rorschach ink blot test among 42 headache sufferers (31 M and 11 TH). The typical Rorschach repressive pattern of alexithymia was found as well in M as in TH while CNV amplitude was significantly higher in the 31 M (-25 microV) than in the 11 TH (-19 microV FP less than 0.04). Biochemical data collected among 28 patients (17 M and 11 TH) revealed a positive correlation between CNV amplitude and plasma level of noradrenaline, regardless of the type of headache (r = 0.58; P less than 0.01). Thus, besides psychological factors, catecholaminergic mechanisms seem implicated in the determination of the CNV pattern in migraine. CNV may help the clinician both to specify diagnosis and to decide between the many therapeutic strategies available.
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PMID:[Value of the study of contingent negative variation in migraine and tension headache]. 331 75


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