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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We review the literature on the application of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback to tension-related headaches, back and shoulder pain, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and present clinical treatment data on 18 patients with tension headaches, eight patients with back and shoulder pain, and six patients with TMJ pain. Electromyographic tension levels declined in all groups of patients; pain declined significantly in 12 of 18 patients with tension headaches and one of eight back pain patients, and decreased slightly in three headache patients, three back and shoulder pain patients, and two patients with TMJ pain. Conclusions suggest that EMG biofeedback is generally more effective in treating tension headaches, but much less effective in the treatment of back, shoulder, or jaw pain, although the numbers of patients are small in the latter two groups.
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PMID:Electromyographic biofeedback for pain related to muscle tension. A study of tension headache, back, and jaw pain. 14 23

Since about 20% of the patients in a headache clinic have ENT complaints an ENT specialist should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment. It is very important to know what structures in the head and neck are sensitive to pain for diagnostic and differential diagnostic purposes. Primary and secondary neuritis are headache mechanisms in otolaryngology and also tension headache, which is specially discussed. Rhinogenous contact headache and headache as cardinal symptom in various syndromes are also stressed as specific to ENT. Finally a scheme is given for investigating a headache patient from the otolaryngological point of view.
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PMID:[Otorhinolaryngological aspects of headache: (author's transl)]. 40 40

The causes of chronic, recurrent headaches, the electroencephalographic findings and the response to phenytoin (Dilantin) and other medications have been evaluated in 100 children. A history of head injury was reported in 41% and convulsions had occurred in 15%. Electroencephalographic dysrhythmias were severe in 18 and moderate in 27%. Migraine was diagnosed in 42% and tension headaches in 18%; psychogenic factors complicated learning disabilities and minimal brain dysfunction in 21%. Phenytoin controlled migraine in 77% and headaches diagnosed as seizure equivalents in 40%; the response was unrelated to the degree of electroencephalographic abnormality. An abnormal electroencephalogram and response to phenytoin are insufficient criteria for a diagnosis of epilepsy in children with recurrent headaches.
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PMID:Recurrent headaches in 100 children. Electroencephalographic abnormalities and response to phenytoin (Dilantin). 63 3

In 1976, 310 patients attended the Princess Margaret Clinic for treatment of an acute headache. 90% were either symptom-free or had only slight residual headache after 4 h. The treatment given was metaclopramide and an effervescent analgesic. 69% of patients had some form of sedation and 10% ergotamine tartrate. Those patients who had treatment between 6 and 12 h following the onset of an attack had significantly fewer attacks in the next 7 days. Patients who slept during an attack, with a sedative where indicated, recovered more quickly than those who did not sleep. The depth of sleep did not affect the rate of recovery. A higher percentage of patients with migraine compared with those with tension headache were either symptom-free or had only slight residual headache on leaving.
Res Clin Stud Headache 1978
PMID:Observations on the treatment of an acute attack of migraine. 72 49

In order to assess the effectiveness of verbal relaxation instructions and EMG relaxation training on the relief of tension headaches, 18 medically documented tension-headache sufferers were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) Jacobson-Wolpe autogenic-relaxation training, (2) EMG relaxation training, or (3) EMG relaxation training combined with Jacobson-Wolpe autogenic instructions. The two EMG-assisted groups showed significantly better results, compared to the verbal group, in terms of reduction of headache activity and the rate at which reduction took place. Thus, EMG-assisted relaxation procedures seem the treatment method of choice for relief of tension headaches.
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PMID:Tension headaches: what form of therapy is most effective? 79 81

According to Pearson's method (correlation coefficient) the group of improved patients is 16.88% of the expected total result (frequency of attacks regressed to 50%, 25% or 0%): for cyproheptadine, pizotifene, methysergide, methergoline, histamine, clonidine, allylpropylmalonyl urea 'p' is less than 0.001, for cinnarizine less than 0.02. For hemicrania we used cinnarizine, cyproheptadine, clonidine, histamine, pizotifene and reserpine; for cluster headache, cinnarizine, cyproheptadine, clonidine, histamine and reserpine; for tension headache, cyproheptadine; for psychogenic headache, allylpropylmalonylurea. In attacks of hemicrania or paroxysmal crises with undulant headache or persistent headache, positive statistically significant results were obtained with a combination of indomethacin, prochlorperazine and caffeine.
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PMID:[Therapeutic possibilities in idiopathic headaches. Analysis of 1000 cases (author's transl)]. 81 Jun 75

This work is an attempt to find an answer to the question: once arrived at the diagnostic identification of a certain type of idiopathic headache, which treatment should be followed? On the basis of recent researches and experience acquired during ten years' activity of our Headache Unit, a diagnostic identification can be made for migraine (in all its types and evolution stages), cluster headache, tension headache and pure psycogenic headache. Among the most widely used drugs, positive pharmacological results were obtained with: cyproheptadine, pizotifen, cinnarizine, lysergic acid derivatives, histamine, reserpine, clonidine and a barbituric acid derivative. The therapeutic cycles were standardized, for each drug, in the way of administration, dosage and total duration of the treatment. A comparison between the data obtained and the pre-therapeutic situation was made. When repeated, the most efficacious therapeutic cycle was evaluated. According to Pearson's dispersion index, each group of patients improved respresents 16.68% of the expected total results (frequency of attacks reduced to 50%, 25% and 0%): for cyproheptadine, pizotifen, methysergide, histamine, clonidine and allil-propyl-malonylurea, the "p" is less than 0.001; for cinnarizine, less than 0.02. This "a posteriori" analysis does not take into account the placebo control, the "anticipation effect", and the "carry over effect". It cannot therefore be a comparison of efficacy among the various drugs. An evaluation based on "among patients" and "inside patient" method by means of the cross over system, can instead give some useful suggestion about which treatment is to be recommended to patients suffering from recurrent headaches. With regard to migraine sufferers: cinnarizine, cyproheptadine, clonidine, histamine, pizotifen und reserpine. For cluster headaches: cinnarizine, cyproheptadine, clonidine, histamine and reserpine. For tension headaches: cyproheptadine. For pure psychogenic headache: allyl-propyl-malonylurea. For migraine attacks or parossystic crises in the course of ondulating or continuous headaches, positive therapeutic results, statistically significant, were obtained with an association of indomethacin, caffeine and prochlorperazine.
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PMID:[Therapeutic possibilities in idiopathic headaches. Analysis of about 1000 cases]. 93 45

Older people often describe their headaches as starting with vague neck discomfort and eventually moving to the temples and forehead. These are muscle-tension headaches, by far the most common type in the elderly. Although cervical osteoarthritis often is at fault, depression can be a significant factor, patricularly when headaches are chronic. There is no sure cure for tension headache, and often, several of the many remedies-ethyl chloride spray, moist heat, massage, antidepressant drugs, analgesics, local anesthetics, etc.-must be tried before an effective one is found. But just as important to successful therapy are concern, compassion, and a willingness to listen on the part of the physician. True migraine headaches are rare in the elderly. More prevalent is the type of vascular headache associated with giant cell arteritis, which is severe and resistant to any form of analgesic except the strongest narcotics. Vascular headaches also may result from congestive heart failure (which produces venous congestion in the cranial cavity), transient ischemia, increased intracranial pressure, and a variety of metabolic disturbances.
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PMID:The types of headache that affect the elderly. 95 13

The biofeedback literature affirms the therapeutic efficacy of EMG-biofeedback-assisted relaxation for the treatment of tension headache. However, this form of therapy has failed to focus on the role of cognitive variables in the control and perception of tension headache. The present case study provides a prototype treatment combining cognitive behavior--modification procedures with EMG-biofeedback training to treat a subject with chronic tension headache. Phase I, baseline, involved collecting mean EMG and daily headache activity, emphasizing specification of environmental stressors. Phase II, cognitive skills--training, focused on: (1) identifying negative self-statements (cognitions) related to stressors, and (2) training the subject to replace negative self-statements with coping self-instructions. This treatment resulted in a 33% headache reduction over baseline, with no concomitant changes in frontalis EMG. Phase III, EMG-biofeedback training, resulted in a 38% reduction in mean EMG level and a 66% reduction in mean headache activity when compared to baseline. The results suggest the importance of attending to cognitive factors in the treatment of tension headache.
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PMID:EMG-biofeedback reduction of tension headache: a cognitive skills-training approach. 99 Mar 50

Thirty-three patients have been treated by acupuncture since July 8, 1974, using body loci, ear points and electrical stimulation. Of the 33 cases, 18 were female and 15 were male, ranging in age from 25 to 77 years. Sixteen patients suffered from migraines, 12 from tension headaches, 2 from cluster headaches, 1 from vascular headaches, and for 2 patients the etiology was uncertain. The duration of the headaches ranged from 3 months to 40 years. The patients received from 3 to 16 treatments. Of the 33 cases, 5 patients had only 3 treatments and 10 patients had 5 or less treatments. Eighteen patients had good results, i.e., no headache at all. Twelve patients had fair results, that is they sometimes had headaches, but they could be controlled with a few repetitions of treatment or by analgesics at a lesser dosage than they were taking at the beginning of treatments. Three patients had no response at all or poor results; however, these discontinued treatment before the author could evaluate whether they were actual absolute no-response cases. Of the 33 patients, 2 patients had a good response after only 2 treatments; 4 had a good response after 10 treatments. However, most of the patients had a good response after 6-8 treatments. A course of treatment usually requires 10 to 14 visits befor definite evaluation of the results can be made. It was observed that patients with fair or particularly poor results usually discontinued treatment too early and/or had concomitant conditions as well. Even though a longer period of time for follow-up is necessary before drawing any conclusions, results have already shown that acupuncture, perhaps, can be a valuable form of treatment for headaches.
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PMID:The treatment of headaches employing acupuncture. 112 34


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