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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Benign intracranial hypertension, an unusual case of headaches, was associated with pregnancy in a gravid female with the chief complaint of headache. Symptoms resolved after three days of prednisone therapy. In benign intracranial hypertension, the possibilities of intracranial mass lesions, intracranial infection, obstruction of the cerebral ventricles, and hypertensive encephalopathy are excluded by evaluation with skull films, computerized axial tomography, electroencephalography and lumbar puncture. The only symptom may be headache and the only physical sign, papilledema. Therefore, neurological examination must include visualization of the fundi.
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PMID:Benign intracranial hypertension in pregnancy. 45 93

Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) is a recognized syndrome of unknown origin that conventionally has been diagnosed by excluding an underlying space-occupying lesion using invasive contrast procedures. Computerized tomography (CT) scanning of the head is a safe, accurate method of defining intracranial structures that were previously only discernible by invasive studies. Seven patients with headaches, papilledema, normal mental status, normal brain scan, and normal electroencephalogram had normal CT scans of the head. Patients suspected of BIH can be spared invasive contrast procedures if the CT scan of the head is normal.
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PMID:Computerized tomography and benign intracranial hypertension. 78 38

One hundred adult patients with headache, papilledema, and no localizing signs were evaluated prospectively and followed for up to 54 months. No patient with this syndrome who had a normal mental status, negative brain scan, and normal electroencephalogram was found subsequently to harbor a mass lesion. Benign intracranial hypertension was the final diagnosis in 71 percent of the patients studied. Lumbar puncture was a safe and helpful diagnostic procedure, and in no case was subsequent neurologic deterioration noted.
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PMID:The syndrome of increased intracranial pressure without localizing signs: a reappraisal. 116 11

Benign intracranial hypertension (BICH) is a rare adverse event. We report the case of a 31-year-old female drug addict who had been seropositive for HIV since 1987. She had stage IV C1 AIDS, and was receiving intravenous amphotericin B for generalized cryptococcosis with no neuromeningeal involvement. She developed BICH that regressed when the antifungal drug was withdrawn and treatment for cerebral edema was started. BICH is a clinical entity involving intracranial hypertension with no focal neurological signs or detectable intracranial lesion. The manifestations include headache, transitory or permanent visual disturbances (diplopia, loss of visual acuity) and the perception of intracranial noise. The cerebrospinal fluid is under increased pressure but the composition is normal. The eye fundus examination shows papillary edema, and the neuroradiological workup is normal. BICH can only be diagnosed once an expansive intracranial process, neuromeningeal infection, and non-communicative hydrocephalus have been ruled out. In the majority of cases, no etiology is found. Such cases of idiopathic BICH usually occur in overweight young women, although drugs can be implicated. Amphotericin B has not previously been held responsible for BICH. On the basis of this observation, we present a review of the literature.
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PMID:[Drug-induced benign intracranial hypertension. Apropos of a case with amphotericin B. Review of the literature]. 129 80

A woman with history of bifrontal headache, vomiting and loss of vision was diagnosed as a case of pseudotumor cerebri based on clinical and MRI findings. Bilateral abducens and facial nerve palsies were detected. Pseudotumor cerebri in this patient was not associated with any other illness or related to drug therapy. Treatment was given to lower the raised intracranial pressure to which the patient responded.
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PMID:Facial nerve involvement in pseudotumor cerebri. 130 20

Benign intracranial hypertension (also called pseudotumor cerebri, otitic hydrocephalus, or meningeal hydrops) is a syndrome of markedly elevated intracranial pressure in the absence of intracranial mass, inflammation, or obstruction. Numerous disease processes and medications have been associated with it. However, renal failure has not been documented as an associated condition. In this report, the case of a 27-year-old Native American man with chronic renal failure of unknown etiology is described, with new-onset headache, papilledema, and elevated intracranial pressure. After normal cerebrospinal fluid, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging studies, a diagnosis of benign intracranial hypertension was made. Despite repeated lumbar punctures with cerebrospinal fluid removal, the patient's headaches persisted, and intracranial pressures remained in the 200 to 400 mm H2O range. After initiation of hemodialysis due to progressive deterioration of renal function, the patient's headaches became less severe and eventually disappeared. This case represents a unique association of chronic renal failure with benign intracranial hypertension.
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PMID:Benign intracranial hypertension and chronic renal failure. 152 75

Pseudotumor cerebri is a central nervous disorder with elevated intracranial pressure that is most common among young obese women. It presents with headache, transient visual obscurations and loss of central vision. Papilledema and visual field defects are frequent. Acetazolamid can be used for treatment. If medical treatment is not successful, optic nerve sheath decompression is recommended. Three patients were treated medically and there were treated surgically. Both methods stabilized or improved visual fields and central vision.
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PMID:[Pseudotumor cerebri, clinical parameters and therapeutic modalities]. 161 56

Benign intracranial hypertension or pseudotumor cerebri is an collective term for a number of diverse syndromes characterized by increased intracranial pressure. Neither intracranial mass nor ventricular dilatation is observed in this disorder. Moreover, the pathogenesis of this syndrome has yet to be determined. We report a case of 36-year-old female diagnosed as benign intracranial hypertension, who has developed superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and dural AV fistula during the follow up period. The patient was pointed out to have papilledema and elevated intracranial pressure six years ago. Although she was examined by both DSA and CT scan, no abnormal intracranial lesions were observed. Consequently, she was diagnosed as the benign intracranial hypertension and had been followed as an out patient. Three years later, lumboperitoneal shunting was performed because of severe headache and visual impairment. Postoperatively, the patient had been well for two years. Recently, occipital headache recurred and she was readmitted to our hospital. MRI studies demonstrated dilated vessels in the right occipital area. Additionally, angiograms revealed not only the superior sagittal sinus thrombosis but also the rich network of dural AV fistula adjacent to the occlusion. According to those results, the superior sagittal sinus was supposed to have the incomplete occlusion or delayed blood flow that were not observed by DSA, MRI and CT scan performed previously. Those occlusive change in the superior sagittal sinus impeded the CSF absorption and elevated the pressure of venous inflow, then the arterio-venous communication has been developed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[An unusual case of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis accompanied with dural AV fistula]. 179 2

Otologic manifestations of pseudotumor cerebri heightened awareness of pseudotumor cerebri and its varied subtle presentations will allow for a more expedient diagnosis by the otolaryngologist. Pseudotumor cerebri is defined as increased intracranial pressure and papilledema without a mass lesion or obstruction of the ventricular system. Presenting symptoms most commonly are headache and visual dysfunction. However, patients may present with associated symptoms of tinnitus, dizziness and hearing loss. These patients may be seen first by the otolaryngologist. Fourteen patients with a diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri are reviewed. Nine of the 14 patients had neurotologic symptoms during the course of their evaluation. Pseudotumor cerebri is a diagnostic challenge. Keys to diagnosis are a high index of suspicion, careful history and funduscopic examination in patients with unexplained neuro-otologic symptoms.
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PMID:Otologic manifestations of pseudotumor cerebri. 192 May 79

We describe 10 patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension who did not have papilledema. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension without papilledema, although rarely reported, may well be a clinically important headache syndrome. Historical and demographic features of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension without papilledema are similar to those of patients with papilledema. Obese women with chronic daily headache and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, pulsatile tinnitus, history of head trauma or meningitis, an empty sella on imaging studies, or a headache that is unrelieved by standard therapy should have a diagnostic lumbar puncture. Findings from laboratory and neurologic investigations are normal in most patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension without papilledema. Initial management should include removal of possible inciting agents, weight loss if applicable, and standard headache therapy. Lumbar puncture and diuretic therapy should precede a trial of corticosteroids. Surgery (lumboperitoneal or ventriculoperitoneal shunt or perhaps optic nerve sheath fenestration) may be indicated for prolonged incapacitating headache that is not responsive to medical management or lumbar puncture.
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PMID:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension without papilledema. 172 57


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