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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A critical report of the 3-cycle regimen for oral contraceptives, in which the tablets are taken continuously for 84 days, followed by 6 tablet-free days in which menstrual bleeding occurs, before the cycle begins again, is presented. No compelling medical reason is seen for suppressing menstruation, which gives women a secure indication of normal functioning. The high discontinuation rate in a published experiment (95 of 202) is cited; the primary reasons given were weight gain, headache, worry about missed tablets with no menstrual period to disconfirm pregnancy, and hesitance about altering the menstrual cycle. The 3-cycle regimen is considered a variant of no real significance, but might be of some therapeutic uses in cases of hypermenorrhea, menstrual sickness, and premenstrual syndrome if questions about the frequency of amenorrhea, incidence of thromboembolism, and condition of the endometrium under the regimen can be answered satisfactorily.
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PMID:[3- month therapy cycles for oral contraception?]. 59 92

Headaches appear to be a reaction to changes in either exogenous or endogenous levels. We are now investigating serum immunoglobulins in women with menstrual migraine and have found that in 22 women, 6 have low immunoglobulin A levels, all below the normal range, and 5 have high immunoglobulin M levels, above the normal range. The hereditary aspect of migraine may depend on inheriting a particular immune pattern which might cause a special sensitivity to hormone effects on blood vessels. This might account for the suppression of menstrual migraine by cortisone or large doses of progesterone. Deficiency of progesterone is unlikely to be responsible for the premenstrual syndrome as the week following menstruation is usually the time which is most often free from symptoms and at this part of the cycle there are very low levels of progesterone. The most reactive women are also the most sensitive to the side effects of drugs or hormones given to treat migraine, which makes the treatment of migraine difficult.
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PMID:[The influence of hormones on headaches in women and the associated endometrial patterns (author's transl)]. 81 Jun 82

Headaches appear to be a reaction to changes in either exogenous levels. We are now investigating serum immunoglobulins in women with menstrual migraine and have found that in 22 women, 6 have low immunoglobulin A levels, all below the normal range, and 5 have high immunoglobulin M levels, above the normal range. The hereditary aspect of migraine may depend on inheriting a particular immune pattern which might cause a special sensitivity to hormone effects on blood vessels. This might account for the suppression of menstrual migraine by cortisone or large doses of progesterone. Deficiency of progesterone is unlikely to be responsible for the premenstrual syndrome as the week following menstruation is usually the time which is most often free from symptoms and at this part of the cycle there are very low levels of progesterone. The most reactive women are also the most sensitive to the side effects of drugs or hormones given to treat migraine, which makes the treatment of migraine difficult.
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PMID:[Effect of hormones on headaches in women and the associated endometrial patterns]. 94 20

Now triphasic contraceptive preparations are used widely. Some news low dose formulations are available on the market, among them Trisiston. The study was conducted to confirm clinically acceptance and effectiveness of Trisiston. There were 437 volunteers mostly multiparous, with a mean age of +/- 25 years who participated in a multi center study. They were taking pills for a 3 to 12 cycles. Cumulatively 4026 cycles were observed. The investigation was conducted according special protocol. At the admission a complete medical history was obtained and a general physical and gynecological examination was performed. All subject were controlled every 3rd month included laboratory tests (blood levels of Hb, WBC, RBC, ESR, carbohydrate metabolism, clotting factors, bilirubin, creatinine, protein, glucose, albumin, LDL, HDL). There was no case of pregnancy. Pearl index = 0. The Trisiston was well tolerated by most of women (80%). Some effects like headache, vertigo, mastalgia, spotting and breakthrough bleeding, loss of libido, premenstrual syndrome were observed in 20% patients, soma of our patients (20%) discontinued contraceptive.
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PMID:[Clinical study on the contraceptive effectiveness of trisiston from the Jenapharm firm]. 130 9

Fluctuation of estrogen levels across the menstrual cycle influences migraine headache. In this study, 53 women documented prospectively the incidence and severity of headache daily for an average of three menstrual cycles. Seven of the women met the criteria established by the International Headache Society for migraine with or without aura, while the remaining 46 women failed to do so. Chi-square analysis revealed that, overall, the incidence of non-migraine headache was dependent on day of the cycle (chi 2 [1,66] = 247.7, p < 0.001), with more headaches occurring during the perimenstrual phase. The 46 women without migraine were further classified according to NIMH criteria into PMS (n = 26) and non-PMS groups (n = 20). An association between headache and menstrual cycle phase was noted for both groups (p < 0.001), although the incidence of severe headache was greater for the PMS women, during both the perimenstrual and intermenstrual phases. Both groups experienced an increase in severe headaches during the perimenstrual phase. The PMS women peaked on the day prior to menstruation, while the non-PMS women peaked on the first day of menstruation. There did not appear to be an overall difference in the reporting of mild headache across the cycle between women with or without PMS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cephalalgia 1992 Dec
PMID:Non-migraine headache across the menstrual cycle in women with and without premenstrual syndrome. 147 37

The diagnosis of PMS depends on the identification of a core symptom complex, including behavioral symptoms of either irritability, accompanied by an internal state of anxiety or depression, and fatigue. (Fatigue is the most common symptom of PMS.) At least one core physical symptoms, bloating of the abdomen or extremities, breast tenderness, and headache also is required to establish the diagnosis. Although these core symptoms are required, none is pathognomonic for the disorder and the timing of the symptoms with respect to the menstrual cycle also must be established. This can only be done accurately using valid and reliable prospective recording instruments, such as COPE. Personality factors, the degree of psychosocial stress faced by the woman, and biochemical markers have little utility in establishing the diagnosis. The literature with respect to the prevalence of PMS in the population, effective treatments for the disorder, and the diagnosis of the disease must be interpreted by recognizing the inclusion in these studies of women with comorbid psychiatric disease, invalid and unreliable symptom inventories, and inadequate characterization of menstrual cycle phases. There are sociologic reasons why the true prevalence and treatment response to interventions may not be seen by the clinician. Nonetheless, the availability of effective treatment for the disorder necessitates accurate diagnosis of the syndrome based on the strict criteria presented. Additional research founded on the development of psychoneuroendocrine models is likely to provide insight into both the pathophysiology and treatment alternatives for PMS.
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PMID:Issues in the diagnosis and research of premenstrual syndrome. 152 87

A placebo-controlled, double-blind study of triphasic oral contraceptives for prospectively confirmed premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was conducted with 82 subjects, 59 of whom completed the study and who were later confirmed to have moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms. 212 subjects were recruited between April 1987 - June 1988, and completed a menstrual history form and a 95-item retrospective questionnaire on premenstrual symptoms. Subjects took Synphasic (Syntex, Mississauga, Canada) containing 35 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, and 0.5 mg norethindrone. Subjects were monitored for 1 menstrual cycle for baseline, then took triphasic or placebo for 3 cycles. 23 oral contraceptive taking and 36 placebo subjects completed the trial: completers had higher status occupations and lower symptom severity scores than dropouts. Both pill and placebo groups showed significant clinical improvement on every symptom except headache. Symptom scores decreased significantly between baseline and 3rd treatment cycle, and between menstrual phase scores and the variables "mood swings," "more sleep," "unhappy," and "tense" in the 2nd treatment cycle compared with the 1st treatment cycle in both groups. In the pill group ratings of premenstrual breast pain were significantly lower in the 3rd treatment cycle compared with baseline (p0.05), and to the 1st treatment cycle (p0.01). No significant changes in breast pain were found in the placebo group. Some pill cycles showed significant reduction in edema. Those in the pill group who were initially rated as "depressed" showed greater improvement in work impairment, sleep requirements, and energy level premenstrually. The pill group, however, reported significantly lower sexual interest during treatment. This is the 1st reported double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospectively confirmed study of oral contraceptives for PMS.
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PMID:A prospective treatment study of premenstrual symptoms using a triphasic oral contraceptive. 156 78

This article reports on a study concerning the relationship between migraine headaches and the use of the low-dose oral contraceptives Rigevidon and Anteovin. The objective was to examine how hormonal contraception influences vascular headaches and to what extent does it provoke such complaints. The study involved 138 and 441 women taking Rigevidon and Anteovin, respectively, 7.9-10.1% of whom already suffered from migraine headaches before taking the pill. Researchers observed the time of the development of the migrainous attack, its duration and intensity, and its course during each cycle. In the event of very intense headaches, the researchers changed the oral contraceptive to Ovidon or Continuin, or discontinued treatment (treatment was also discontinued in cases of increases in blood pressure). Of the women already suffering from headaches prior to taking the oral contraceptives, most of them suffered from a typical menstrual migraines caused by premenstrual syndrome which lasted for 2-4 days. The study found that the women on Rigevidon were less likely to suffer from vascular headaches than the women on Anteovin. While Anteovin caused classic migraine headaches on 0.98% of the women and atypical migraine headaches on 2.3% for the women, the figures were only 0.7% and 1.4% for women on Rigevidon. Researchers attribute these differences to the fact that Anteovin has a higher oestrogen content than Rigevidon. While the study does not explain the correlation between low-dose oral contraceptives and vascular headaches, it does point out the risk associated with oestrogen.
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PMID:The relationship between vascular headaches and low-dose oral contraceptives. 209 59

Oral contraceptives (OCs, long-acting progestins (LAPs), and IUDS are reviewed in terms of new information on safety and efficacy. OC formulations are described and their mechanism of action and efficacy indicated. Reports are provided for thromboembolism, hemorrhagic and thrombotic stroke, ischemic heart diseases, alterations in lipid and hypoprotein and carbohydrate metabolism, hypertension, coagulation changes, breast and cervical cancers, and such minor side effects as menstrual irregularities, nausea, headaches, weight gain, premenstrual syndrome effects, and mood and libido changes. Noncontraceptive health benefits and clinical considerations are discussed. Norplant, as the only long acting progestin available in the US is described in terms of its formulations, mechanism of action, sequelae and metabolic effects, menstrual irregularities, metabolic effects, nuisance side effects, candidates for insertion, method of insertion and removal, and continuation rates. 2 IUD types are identified as the only ones available in the US, Progestasert T and T-Cu-380A (Paragard). Mechanism of action, efficacy, candidates, major sequelae such as salpingitis, infertility, and uterine perforation, minor sequelae such as metrorrhagia and dysmenorrhea, and other considerations are indicated. OCs in the US contain an average of 35 mg of ethinyl estradiol and assorted progestins e.g.s, ethynodiol diacetate, norethindrone acetate, nortestosterone derivatives with a complex mechanism of action. The failure rate for use effectiveness is 6 pregnancies/100 woman years. Modern formulations have combined rates of no more than 50 to 100 adverse events/100,000 users. Some of the effects are indicated as follows: Thromboembolism accounts for 60% of adverse effects and appears to be declining along with hemorrhagic and thrombotic stroke, however, modern use studies are only partially available. Myocardial infarction related to OC use may be embolic, and has a low risk at 7/100,000 users. Low-dose contraceptives substantially reduce the associated risks. Those with risk factors need close monitoring. Norplant is useful for those not wanting to take a daily regimen and is commonly accompanied by menstrual irregularity and sometimes headaches. Continuation is 80% after the 1st year and 40% after 5 years. Candidates for IUDs are parous women in monogamous relationships, who are not at risk for salpingitis, which is related to IUD use, or sexually transmitted diseases. Continuation is 70% after 1 year compared with 50% of OC users.
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PMID:Modern trends in contraception. 212 11

Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by somatic and psychological symptoms from 5 to 8 days before menstruation and disappearing 34 to 48 hr later. Headache, swelling of breasts, abdominal swelling and weight increase, irritability, fatigue, depression and disturbed personal relations are prominent manifestations. Although hormonal imbalance is invoked in the pathogenesis of the syndrome, there is no agreement regarding specific disturbances. Cultural background greatly influences the clinical expression of this syndrome. A judicious selection of estrogens, progesterone, diuretics, prostaglandin inhibitors, pyridoxine and psychotropic drugs may bring significant relief in most patients.
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PMID:[The premenstrual syndrome]. 215 23


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